Hyperrectangle
{{short description|Generalization of a rectangle for higher dimensions}}
{{Infobox polyhedron
| name = Hyperrectangle
Orthotope
| image = Cuboid no label.svg
| caption = A rectangular cuboid is a 3-orthotope
| type = Prism
| faces = {{math|2n}}
| edges = {{math|n × 2n−1}}
| vertices = {{math|2n}}
| vertex_config =
| schläfli = {{math|1={}×{}×···×{} = {}n}}N.W. Johnson: Geometries and Transformations, (2018) {{ISBN|978-1-107-10340-5}} Chapter 11: Finite symmetry groups, 11.5 Spherical Coxeter groups, p.251
| wythoff =
| conway =
| coxeter = {{CDD|node_1|2|node_1}}···{{CDD|node_1}}
| symmetry = {{math|[2n−1]}}, order {{math|2n}}
| rotation_group =
| surface_area =
| volume =
| angle =
| dual = #Dual polytope
| properties = convex, zonohedron, isogonal
}}
File:N-wymiarowe sześciany.svg
In geometry, a hyperrectangle (also called a box, hyperbox, -cell or orthotopeCoxeter, 1973), is the generalization of a rectangle (a plane figure) and the rectangular cuboid (a solid figure) to higher dimensions. A necessary and sufficient condition is that it is congruent to the Cartesian product of finite intervals.{{harvcoltxt|Foran|1991}} This means that a -dimensional rectangular solid has each of its edges equal to one of the closed intervals used in the definition. Every -cell is compact.{{harvcoltxt|Rudin|1976|p=39}}{{harvcoltxt|Foran|1991|p=24}}
If all of the edges are equal length, it is a hypercube. A hyperrectangle is a special case of a parallelotope.
Formal definition
For every integer from to , let and be real numbers such that . The set of all points in whose coordinates satisfy the inequalities is a -cell.{{harvcoltxt|Rudin|1976|p=31}}
Intuition
A -cell of dimension is especially simple. For example, a 1-cell is simply the interval with . A 2-cell is the rectangle formed by the Cartesian product of two closed intervals, and a 3-cell is a rectangular solid.
The sides and edges of a -cell need not be equal in (Euclidean) length; although the unit cube (which has boundaries of equal Euclidean length) is a 3-cell, the set of all 3-cells with equal-length edges is a strict subset of the set of all 3-cells.
Types
A four-dimensional orthotope is likely a hypercuboid.{{Cite arXiv| title=Normal-sized hypercuboids in a given hypercube | last1=Hirotsu | first1=Takashi | date=2022 | class=math.CO | eprint=2211.15342 }}
The special case of an {{mvar|n}}-dimensional orthotope where all edges have equal length is the {{mvar|n}}-cube or hypercube.
By analogy, the term "hyperrectangle" can refer to Cartesian products of orthogonal intervals of other kinds, such as ranges of keys in database theory or ranges of integers, rather than real numbers.See e.g. {{citation
| last1 = Zhang | first1 = Yi
| last2 = Munagala | first2 = Kamesh
| last3 = Yang | first3 = Jun
| issue = 11
| journal = Proc. VLDB
| pages = 1075–1086
| title = Storing matrices on disk: Theory and practice revisited
| url = http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol4/p1075-zhang.pdf
| volume = 4
| year = 2011| doi = 10.14778/3402707.3402743
}}.
{{-}}
Dual polytope
{{Infobox polyhedron
| name = {{mvar|n}}-fusil
| image = File:Rhombic 3-orthoplex.svg
| caption = Example: 3-fusil
| type = Prism
| faces = {{math|2n}}
| edges =
| vertices = {{math|2n}}
| vertex_config =
| schläfli = {{math|1={}+{}+···+{} = {{mvar|n}}{} }}
| wythoff =
| conway =
| coxeter = {{CDD|node_1|sum|node_1|sum}} ... {{CDD|sum|node_1}}
| symmetry = {{math|[2n−1]}}, order {{math|2n}}
| rotation_group =
| surface_area =
| volume =
| angle =
| dual = {{mvar|n}}-orthotope
| properties = convex, isotopal
}}
The dual polytope of an {{mvar|n}}-orthotope has been variously called a rectangular {{mvar|n}}-orthoplex, rhombic {{mvar|n}}-fusil, or {{mvar|n}}-lozenge. It is constructed by {{math|2n}} points located in the center of the orthotope rectangular faces.
An {{mvar|n}}-fusil's Schläfli symbol can be represented by a sum of {{mvar|n}} orthogonal line segments: {{math|{ } + { } + ... + { } }} or {{math|n{ }.}}
A 1-fusil is a line segment. A 2-fusil is a rhombus. Its plane cross selections in all pairs of axes are rhombi.
class=wikitable
! {{mvar|n}} ! Example image |
align=center
!1 |160px |
align=center
!2 |160px |
align=center
!3 |160px |
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- {{cite book
|last = Coxeter
|first = Harold Scott MacDonald
|title = Regular Polytopes
|edition = 3rd
|location = New York
|publisher = Dover
|year = 1973
|pages = [https://archive.org/details/regularpolytopes0000coxe/page/122 122–123]
|isbn = 0-486-61480-8
}}
External links
- {{MathWorld|title=Orthotope|urlname=Orthotope}}
- {{cite book|last=Foran|first=James|title=Fundamentals of Real Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDjz8x0hJ44C&pg=PA24|accessdate=23 May 2014|date=1991-01-07|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780824784539}}
- {{cite book|first=Walter|last=Rudin|author-link1=Walter Rudin|title=Principles of Mathematical Analysis|year=1976|publisher=McGraw-Hill}}
{{Dimension topics}}