Hypochaeris radicata
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Hypochaeris radicata at Game Farm Park in Auburn, Washington.jpg
| image_caption =
| genus = Hypochaeris
| species = radicata
| authority = L. 1753
| synonyms_ref =
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|Hypochoeris radicata L.
|Achyrophorus radicatus (L.) Scop.
|Achyrophorus taraxacifolius (Salzm.) Sch.Bip.
|Apargia serotina Jan ex Steud.
|Crepis molokaiensis H.Lév.
|Hypochaeris infesta Salisb.
|Hypochaeris lasiophylla K.Koch ex Nyman
|Hypochaeris neapolitana DC.
|Hypochaeris salina Gren.
|Hypochaeris tenorii Guss.
|Leontodon ciliatus Scop.
|Porcellites radicata (L.) Cass.
|Seriola caespitosa Porta
|Seriola taraxacifolia Salzm.
}}
}}
Hypochaeris radicata (sometimes spelled Hypochoeris radicata) – also known as catsear, flatweed,{{cite web |url=http://www.iewf.org/weedid/Hypochoeris_radicata.htm |title=Factsheet - Hypochoeris radicata |publisher=Iewf.org |access-date=2010-09-15}}{{cite web |url=http://www.golfandsportsturf.com.au/article.asp?ArticleID=45 |title=Turf Weeds - The Dandelions |website=Golf and Sports Turf Magazine |publisher=Glenvale Publications |first=Kerry C |last=Harrington |access-date=2010-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923203819/http://golfandsportsturf.com.au/article.asp?ArticleID=45 |archive-date=2010-09-23}} cat's-ear,{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17}} hairy cat's ear,{{PLANTS |id=HYRA3 |taxon=Hypochaeris radicata |access-date=15 May 2015}} or false dandelion – is a perennial, low-lying edible herb often found in lawns. The plant is native to Europe,[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=hypochaeris+radicata Altervista Flora Italiana, Hypochaeris radicata L.] includes photos and European distribution map but has also been introduced to the Americas,[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Hypochaeris%20radicata.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 84: viii–xv, 1–278. Japan,[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220006707 Flora of China, Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus, 1753. 假蒲公英猫儿菊 jia pu gong ying mao er ju ] Australia,[http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:618022 Atlas of Living Australia, Hypochaeris radicata L., Cat's Ear] and New Zealand, where it can be an invasive weed. It is listed as a noxious weed in the northwestern U.S. state of Washington.{{cite web |url=http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/Written_findings/Hypochaeris_radicata.html |title=The Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board - Catsear |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311181041/http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/Written_findings/Hypochaeris_radicata.html |archive-date=2007-03-11 }}
Botany
The leaves, which may grow up to {{convert|8|in|cm|spell=in}} long, are lobed and covered in coarse hairs, forming a low-lying rosette around a central taproot. Forked stems carry bright yellow flower heads, and when mature these form seeds attached to windborne "parachutes". All parts of the plant exude a milky sap when cut.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220006707 Flora of North America, Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus, 1753. Hairy cat’s ear ]
Hypochaeris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the shark moth.
Etymology and differences from dandelions
Its name is derived from Greek ὑπό 'under' and χοῖρος 'young pig'. Thus the name "should" be spelled Hypochoeris.
The adjective radicata means 'with conspicuous roots' in Latin (derived from radix 'root').
In English, catsear is derived from the words cat's ear, and refers to the shape and fine hair on the leaves resembling that of the ear of a cat.
Catsear is also known as false dandelion because it is commonly mistaken for true dandelions. The plants carry similar flowers which form windborne seeds. However, catsear flowering stems are forked and solid, whereas dandelions possess unforked stems that are hollow. Both plants have a rosette of leaves and a central taproot. The leaves of dandelions are jagged in appearance, whereas those of catsear are more lobe-shaped and hairy. The plants have similar uses.
Culinary uses
All parts of the catsear plant are edible; however, the leaves and roots are those most often harvested. The leaves are bland in taste but can be eaten raw in salads, steamed, or used in stir-fries. Some recommend mixing them with other vegetables.{{Cite book|last=Nyerges|first=Christopher|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965922681|title=Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods|publisher=Falcon Guides|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4930-2534-3|location=Guilford, CT|oclc=965922681}} Older leaves can become tough and fibrous, but younger leaves are suitable for consumption. In contrast to the edible leaves of dandelion, catsear leaves only rarely have some bitterness. In Crete, Greece, the leaves of a variety called {{lang|el|παχιές}} (pachiés) or {{lang|el|αγριοράδικα}} (agriorádika) are eaten boiled or steamed.{{cite book |author= Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης |title= Wild edible plants of Crete - {{lang|el|Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης}} |publisher= Rethymnon Crete |year=2006 |isbn=960-631-179-1}}
The root can be roasted and ground to form a coffee substitute.
Toxicity
This species is suspected of causing stringhalt in horses if consumed in excess.{{cite web|url=http://www.seven.eques.com.au/health-pdf/Stringhalt.pdf|title=Australian stringhalt|author=John Kohnke|publisher=South East Victoria Equine Network|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221204206/http://www.seven.eques.com.au/health-pdf/Stringhalt.pdf|archive-date=2011-02-21}}*{{cite web|url=http://merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/90777.htm|title=Merck Veterinary Manual - Stringhalt|access-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213307/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2F90777.htm|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYRA3 United States Department of Agriculture Plants profile]
- Low, Tim. Wild Herbs of Australia and New Zealand. Rev. ed. Angus and Robertson, 1991. {{ISBN|0-207-17001-0}}.
- {{Commons category-inline |Hypochaeris radicata}}
- [http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=100354269 photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Brazil in 1995]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q421057}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Plants described in 1753