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Hypseleotris

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Hypseleotris cyprinoides by Daiju Azuma.jpg

| image_caption = Hypseleotris cyprinoides male in breeding colours

| taxon = Hypseleotris

| authority = T. N. Gill, 1863

| type_species = Eleotris cyprinoides

| type_species_authority = Valenciennes, 1837{{Cof record|genid=3235|title=Hypseleotris|access-date=26 July 2018}}

}}

Hypseleotris, or carp gudgeons, are a genus of small fresh and brackish water fishes in the family Eleotridae. Fish of this genus are found in rivers and estuaries connected to the tropical Indo-Pacific region.Thacker, C.; and Unmack, P.J. (2005). Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Eleotrid Genus Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Eleotridae), With Redescription of H. cyprinoides. Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 57: 1–13. They are sometimes seen in the aquarium trade; especially H. compressa.

Hypseleotris species are opportunistic predators, feeding on zooplankton, small crustaceans and other benthic invertebrates. Mostly pelagic, Hypseleotris often aggregate in small schools but become territorial during breeding,{{Cite journal |last1=Shelley |first1=James J. |last2=Delaval |first2=Aurélien |last3=Feuvre |first3=Matthew C. LE |date=2023-06-30 |title=A revision of the gudgeon genus Hypseleotris (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) of northwest Australia, describing three new species and synonymizing the genus Kimberleyeleotris |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37518639 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=5311 |issue=3 |pages=340–374 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5311.3.2 |issn=1175-5334 |pmid=37518639}} which typically occurs in spring.

Species

Hypseleotris is made up of 23 species divided into 3 major clades.{{FishBase genus | genus = Hypseleotris| month = September | year = 2023}} The most basal clade contains 6 isolated species of euryhaline{{Cite journal |last1=Keith |first1=Philippe |last2=Mennesson |first2=Marion I |date=2023-08-01 |title=Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/198/4/1035/7150892#412743834 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=198 |issue=4 |pages=1035–1069 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad003 |issn=0024-4082|url-access=subscription }} gudgeons closely related to H. cyprinoides, with a distribution range extending from South Africa to eastern Melanesia and as far north as mainland China.

The remaining species originated in Australia and would've diverged from other Hypseleotris sometime between 5 and 11 million years ago,{{Cite journal |last1=Thacker |first1=Christine E. |last2=Shelley |first2=James J. |last3=McCraney |first3=W. Tyler |last4=Adams |first4=Mark |last5=Hammer |first5=Michael P. |last6=Unmack |first6=Peter J. |date=2022-03-02 |title=Phylogeny, diversification, and biogeography of a hemiclonal hybrid system of native Australian freshwater fishes (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae: Hypseleotris) |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=22 |doi=10.1186/s12862-022-01981-3 |issn=2730-7182 |pmc=8892812 |pmid=35236294 |doi-access=free}} these species are organized based on their origins in Northwest and Southeast Australia respectively. The Northwestern group is made up of 11 species which are endemic to the Northern Territory and Western Australia with the exemption of H. compressa, which can be found across most of Australia and New Guinea. The Southeastern clade is found across South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales, featuring 6 species and several hybrid/hemiclonal lineages which consist of a single sex, a process known as hybridogenesis. The single sex species require gametes from the sexual species to reproduce and could be regarded as sexual parasites and in "closed populations" this sexual parasitism can cause the extinction of such populations.{{cite web | author = Dianne J. Bray | title = Hypseleotris | work = Fishes of Australia | access-date = 26 July 2018 | url = http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/genus/704 | publisher = Museums Victoria}} It is likely that this reproduction involves androgenesis.{{cite journal|journal=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |title=Androgenesis: where males hijack eggs to clone themselves |volume=371|issue=1706|date=19 Oct 2016|author=Tanja Schwander|author2= Benjamin P. Oldroyd |doi=10.1098/rstb.2015.0534 |pmid=27619698 |pmc=5031619 |name-list-style=and }}

Australian clades

The following cladogram represents the interspecies relationships of the genus but does not include the Australian hybrid populations.

{{clade

|label1=Eleotridae

|1={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|1=Philypnodon

|newick2=((Hypseleotris moncktoni,(Hypseleotris cyprinoides,Hypseleotris everetti),(Hypseleotris ebneri,(Hypseleotris alexis,Hypseleotris guentheri)))African/Asian branch,(((Hypseleotris compressa,(Hypseleotris aurea,(Hypseleotris barrawayi,(Kimberleyeleotris notata,Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi),(Hypseleotris wunduwala,Hypseleotris kimberleyensis),Hypseleotris garawudjirri,Hypseleotris maranda,(Hypseleotris ejuncida,Hypseleotris regalis))))Northwest clade,(Hypseleotris klunzingeri,((Hypseleotris acropinna,Hypseleotris galii,Hypseleotris moolooboolaensis),(Hypseleotris bucephala,Hypseleotris gymnocephala)))Southeast clade,))Australian branch)Hypseleotris

|2=Leaf B

}}

}}

}}

References

{{Reflist}}

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Category:Eleotridae

Category:Ray-finned fish genera

Category:Taxa named by Theodore Gill

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot