Hysan Development

{{more citations needed section|date=October 2018}}

The predecessor of the company began when Lee Hysan incorporated Lee Hysan Estate Co., Ltd. ({{zh|t=利希慎置業}}), acquiring the land lease (crown lease) on Jardine's Hill, Hong Kong Island, in 1923 and other land leases around nearby East Point; which is now known as Causeway Bay.

Before his death in 1928, Lee had distributed most of the shares of Lee Hysan Estate to his wife, concubines, children and relatives in 1925. The shares he retained, 1/5 of the share capital, was inherited by his wife.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JqSTAgAAQBAJ|script-title=zh:商城故事：銅鑼灣百年變遷|author=鍾寶賢|language=zh-hk|isbn=9789628930807|date=January 2009|publisher=中華書局(香港)出版有限公司 }}{{rp|141}}

East Point in colonial times contained mostly residential areas, with some offices dedicated to a British trading company. The development of the Jardine's Hill property into an entertainment ground—the modern day Lee Garden—and the following construction of the Lee Theatre as a Chinese opera venue set the trend for the continual redevelopment of Causeway Bay.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

Hysan Development was incorporated on 20 October 1970 as Hennessy Development Company Limited{{cite web|url=http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/SEHK/2012/0514/LTN20120514449.pdf|title= Memorandum and Articles of Association (proposed changes)|date=14 May 2012|accessdate=20 October 2018|publisher=Hysan Development|location=Hong Kong|via=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing}} (unofficial translation appeared in Chinese media as {{zh|t=軒尼詩興業有限公司|labels=no}} or {{zh|t=興利建設有限公司|labels=no}}{{cite news|script-title=zh:希愼興業賺八千萬中期股息每股二仙|date=11 August 1982|work=The Kung Sheung Evening News|page=6|publisher=Industrial and Commercial Daily Press|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}}) It was said to acquire a land lease (leasehold of Crown land) from the parent company Lee Hysan Estate in 1971 to re-develop into {{ill|Hennessy Centre|zh|興利中心}} ({{zh|t=興利中心}}) in Hennessy Road ({{zh|t=軒尼詩道}}), which was demolished in 2010s for another re-development. In 1973, the company became an unlisted public limited company, selling 25% of its shares to the general public.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希愼興業九月上市|date=12 August 1981|work=The Kung Sheung Evening News|page=6|publisher=Industrial and Commercial Daily Press|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}} {{ill|Tai Cheung Holdings|zh|大昌集團}} was a minority shareholder of Hysan Development. The company was listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong ({{zh|t=香港聯合交易所|l=Hong Kong united exchange}}) in September 1981.{{cite web|url=https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=14&sc_lang=en|title=Market Data \ Securities Prices \ Equities Hysan Development Co. Ltd. (14)|accessdate=20 October 2018|publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing}}{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎興業新股 認購額逾兩倍|date=4 September 1981|page=4|newspaper=The Kung Sheung Daily News|publisher=Industrial and Commercial Daily Press|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}} The Chinese-language media also reported another unofficial translation of the company name Hysan Development, as {{zh|t=希慎發展有限公司|labels=no}}.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎發展申請上市利氏家族大昌合營|date=20 July 1981|work=The Kung Sheung Evening News|page=7|publisher=Industrial and Commercial Daily Press|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}}

It was said{{by whom|date=March 2019}} the company acquired three more sister companies from its parent company; these were Leighton ({{zh|t=禮頓發展}}), Sunning ({{zh|t=新寧地產}}) and Avenue respectively in the 1970s. The company also owned a subsidiary called "Kwong Wan". Hysan Development and the four subsidiaries owned five building complexes at that time, namely Hennessy Centre, Leighton Centre, One Hysan Avenue, Sunning Court and Sunning Plaza.{{cite news|script-title=zh:利氏家族佔控制性股權的公司 希慎興業將吸資五億 為新股最大集資行動 擁有四幢商厦一幅住宅地值四十七億元 明起派招股章程九月三日中午截止申請|date=27 August 1981|newspaper=Ta Kung Pao|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk|page=12}}

After it became a listed company, Hysan Development acquired more land leases from the family members of Lee Hysan and from the family-owned company Lee Hysan Estate in 1980s to 1990s for re-development. These included a land lease on 74–86 Kennedy Road,{{cite news|script-title=zh:希愼興業新股發售認購起碼五千股|date=28 August 1981|work=The Kung Sheung Evening News|page=7|publisher=Industrial and Commercial Daily Press|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}}{{cite news|script-title=zh:希愼興業獲准發展豪華住宅屋邨計劃|date=15 September 1981|work=The Kung Sheung Evening News|page=2|publisher=Industrial and Commercial Daily Press|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}} now known as Bamboo Grove{{rp|185}} and the re-development of Lee Theatre{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎斥資四億五千萬元購波斯富街利舞台物業|date=12 March 1991|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=15|language=zh-hk}} and Lee Gardens Hotel into Lee Theatre Plaza and Lee Garden One respectively. It was reported that 74–86 Kennedy Road was the former location of the Lee family mansion, for which a building plan for another potential re-development was approved in 2017.{{cite news|url=http://www.takungpao.com.hk/hongkong/text/2017/1222/134738.html|script-title=zh:希慎竹林苑重建為69萬呎豪宅|date=22 December 2017|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=Ta Kung Pao|language=zh-hk}}

The company also acquired some properties in {{ill|Yun Ping Road|zh|恩平道}}{{cite news|script-title=zh:銅鑼灣恩平道物業 希慎興業無意出售 近期有日公司洽購及尋求合作發展|date=3 December 1987|newspaper=Ta Kung Pao|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk|page=13}} and re-developed it into Lee Garden Two (called Caroline Centre at that time) in the early 1990s.

In 1987, the company agreed to acquire 5% shares of the soon-to-be-listed HKR International.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎興業租金收入 今年會增逾二成|date=28 April 1987|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=18|language=zh-hk}} At the same time, the company issued 393.7 million new shares for HK$1.25 each, equal to 10% of the total share capital, to the Lee family. The Lee family sold the same number of shares to third parties.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎興業配售一成新股集資接近五億元 陸氏實業配售三千萬股集資七千五百萬|date=5 August 1987|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=17|language=zh-hk}} The event occurred right before the Black Monday crash in the same year.

In 1988, a scandal regarding the listing of those new shares of Hysan and other listed companies not connected to Hysan was exposed. It was alleged that a securities brokerage firm had bribed Ronald Li, chairman of the exchange, as an incentive for approval.{{cite news|script-title=zh:昨日提堂押後至十月十三日聆訊李福兆冼祖昭等八人可能會加控其他罪名|date=12 August 1988|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=3|language=zh-hk}} Both the Lee and Li families were considered two of the four big families of the colonial era, which were the social elites that formed a network of collaboration.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

In 1991, Hysan Development announced they were negotiating to sell their residential portfolio Garden Terrace in the Mid-Levels.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎興業昨日發表聲明洽售花園台仍未達協議|date=15 August 1991|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=15|language=zh-hk}} At the same time, they also developed Tanner Garden in North Point as a for-sale portfolio, as well as owning 5% shares of Hong Kong flag carrier Cathay Pacific Airways as an investment.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎興業發表中期報告綜合溢利激增接近五成現年度上半年溢利四億零四百萬元董事局建議派中期息每股二十三仙|date=10 September 1991|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=15|language=zh-hk}} According to another columnist, Hysan Development owned 30% stake in the Tanner Garden project.{{cite news|script-title=zh:希慎興業未孚衆望半年盈利增近五成|date=16 September 1991|newspaper=Wah Kiu Yat Po|location=Hong Kong|page=15|language=zh-hk|author=郭楓|department=股海風雲 column}}

Hysan Place was one of Hysan Developments' re-development projects of the 2010s; the site was formerly known as Hennessy Centre. It was opened in 2012 and comprises 15 levels of office space and 17 floors of retail outlets, totalling {{Convert|710,000|sqft|sqm}}.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} Hysan Place achieved pre-certification{{clarify|date=October 2018}} at the Platinum level for the United States Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (USGBC LEED), and the Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method (HK BEAM) standard.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Another re-development, Lee Garden Three, was completed in 2017.{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/property/hong-kong-china/article/2116580/running-track-yoga-and-spa-hysan-targets-millennials-new|title=Running track, yoga and spa – Hysan targets millennials with new Causeway Bay office tower|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong|publisher=Alibaba Group}} The re-development also caused a minor controversy; Sunning Plaza, which was set to be demolished in 2013 to make way for Lee Garden Three, was designed by architect I. M. Pei and was considered an oasis in the business district by some citizens. It was only used for 31 years.{{cite news|url=https://www.inmediahk.net/31|script-title=zh:貝聿銘建築新寧大廈年底拆卸 樓齡僅31年|date=26 September 2013|accessdate=20 October 2018|work=香港獨立媒體網 [In Media HK]|language=zh-hk}}

In 2016, Hysan partnered with HKR International to form a joint venture called Strongbod Limited, which won a tender to buy two neighbouring residential land leases in Tai Po from the government. Named Villa Lucca.{{cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=176159|title=Two Tai Po sites sold for $3.39b|date=10 November 2016|accessdate=22 October 2018|newspaper=The Standard|publisher=Sing Tao News Corporation|location=Hong Kong}}{{cite press release|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201611/09/P2016110900657.htm|title= Tenders awarded for two residential sites |department=Lands Department|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=9 November 2016|accessdate=22 October 2018}}

Hysan Development shares are listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. Its shares are also traded through over-the-counter facilities in London.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} In addition, Hysan Development has a sponsored listing of their American Depositary Receipts (ADR) in the OTC Markets Group.

{{As of|2017|12|31}},{{rp|185}}Hysan Development's principal portfolio consists of a 10 building complexes. Except Lee Garden Two, which Hysan owned 65.36%, they are wholly owned by the company as leasing floor area:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

1. Lee Garden One (commercial) (also known as Manulife Plaza)
2. Bamboo Grove (residential)
3. Villa Lucca (residential) (Joint venture with HKR International)
4. Lee Garden Two (commercial) (also known as Caroline Centre)
5. {{ill|Leighton Centre|zh|禮頓中心}} (commercial)
6. Lee Theatre Plaza (commercial)
7. {{ill|Lee Garden Three|zh|利園三期}} (commercial)
8. {{ill|One Hysan Avenue|zh|希慎道壹號}} (commercial)
9. Lee Garden Five (commercial) (also known as 18 Hysan Avenue)
10. Lee Garden Six (commercial) (also known as 111 Leighton Road)
11. Hysan Place (commercial) (located on 500 Hennessy Road.

{{div col end}}

Hysan Place opened in 2012{{cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=1&art_id=120521&sid=35679499&con_type=1|title=Hysan rides wave of high office, shop rents|last=Ha|first=Karen|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213741/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=1&art_id=120521&sid=35679499&con_type=1 |archivedate=12 March 2014|newspaper=The Standard|date=9 March 2012|accessdate=20 October 2018|publisher=Sing Tao News Corporation|location=Hong Kong}} and was the site of Hennessy Centre{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/724179/hysan-names-hennessy-centre-project|title=Hysan names Hennessy Centre project|date=8 September 2010|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong|first=Yvonne|last=Liu}} and Mitsukoshi department store{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/741231/hysan-place-sets-new-heights-environmental-protection|title=Hysan Place sets new heights for environmental protection|date=18 March 2011|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong}}

Six of the complexes were partially or entirely on a land-lease called Inland Lot No.29,{{rp|185}} despite being broken into several sub-leases. According to other companies, Inland Lot No.29, a former crown lease, was commenced from 25 June 1860 in a term of 982 years—999 years from 1842, the establishment of the colony.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cfbgroup.com.hk/sites/default/files/announcement_circular%20/GLN20140828051.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-10-20 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021065941/http://www.cfbgroup.com.hk/sites/default/files/announcement_circular%20/GLN20140828051.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.dch.com.hk/english/investor/prospectus/files/multi-files/E131.pdf|title = Dah Chong Hong Holdings Limited}} According to a columnist, if those 999-year land leases were not revised, they had a very low government rent payable to the government in the modern-day standard.{{cite news|url=http://www2.hkej.com/property/article/id/1200927/999%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%A5%91%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326070128/http://www2.hkej.com/property/article/id/1200927/999%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%A5%91%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 26, 2016|script-title=zh:999年期地契特色|date=11 December 2015|accessdate=22 October 2018|author=蘇振顯|newspaper=Hong Kong Economic Journal|language=zh-hk}}

Hysan Developments is known for suing the Hong Kong government in civil court. Despite the height of the building structure above sea level, which was not restricted by the terms in the land lease but by plot ratio, the Town Planning Board introduced new height restrictions in their draft Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs) of the Wan Chai and Causeway Bay areas, causing a potential decrease in re-development values of the area. This policy was officially mentioned in 2009–10 Policy Agenda of the government as "beautifying the coasts of the Victoria Harbour" and "continuing to stipulate in all outline zoning plans clear development restrictions on plot ratio/gross floor area, site coverage and/or building height where justified to improve the living environment" respectively.{{cite web|url=https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/09-10/eng/docs/agenda.pdf|title=The 2009-10 Policy Address Policy Agenda|date=2009|accessdate=22 October 2018|publisher=Hong Kong Government}} Public consultations on height restriction was started in 2000.{{cite web|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200412/01/1201176.htm|title= LCQ3: Preservation of ridgelines and views of Victoria Harbour|type=transcript|publisher=Hong Kong Legislative Council}} Those policies were interpreted as the continuation of the policy to protect the ridge line of Hong Kong Island from high-rise buildings.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IH_8CAAAQBAJ|script-title=zh:香港景觀文化導遊|date=2015|page=29|language=zh-hk|isbn=9789888295128|author1=香港註冊導遊協會|publisher=圓方出版社(香港)有限公司 }}

Hysan sued the government, quoting clause in the Hong Kong Basic Law on protecting private property rights as rationale, and after losing the case in the High Court, the company appealed the result at the Court of Final Appeal, which referred the case back to the Town Planning Board in 2016.{{cite news|url=http://std.stheadline.com/yesterday/loc/0927ao01.html|script-title=zh:希慎十物業高限終院判發還城規|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=22 October 2018|newspaper=Sing Tao Daily|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022193529/http://std.stheadline.com/yesterday/loc/0927ao01.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2022720/hysan-legal-battle-setting-out-what-hong-kongs-town|title=The Hysan legal battle: setting out what Hong Kong's Town Planning Board can and cannot do|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong|publisher=South China Morning Post Publishers (Alibaba Group)}} Eventually, the draft OZP was revised again, announced in January 2018,{{cite news|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201801/26/P2018012600291.htm|title= Draft Causeway Bay Outline Zoning Plan amended |department= The Town Planning Board|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=26 January 2018|accessdate=22 October 2018}} approved in September 2018; the media concluded the revisions would benefit Hysan and other developers that own properties in that area.{{cite news|url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20180106/20266529|script-title=zh: 城規會放寬銅鑼灣高限至135米 |date=6 January 2018|accessdate=22 October 2018|publisher=Next Digital|location=Hong Kong|author=葉煜燊|language=zh-hk}}{{cite news|url=https://inews.hket.com/article/2161776/%E9%8A%85%E9%91%BC%E7%81%A3%E9%AB%98%E9%99%90%E6%94%BE%E5%AF%AC%20%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%80%E5%85%A7%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA|script-title=zh:銅鑼灣高限放寬 利區內重建|date=15 September 2018|accessdate=22 October 2018|department=online instant news section|newspaper=Hong Kong Economic Times|language=zh-hk|url-access=limited}}

The former Hysan properties Sunning Plaza ({{zh|t=新寧大廈|p=Xīn níng dà shà|j=san1 ning4 daai6 haa6}}) and Sunning Court were demolished{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1321585/causeway-bay-lose-urban-oasis-im-peis-sunning-plaza-faces-wrecking|title=Causeway Bay to lose an urban oasis as I.M. Pei's Sunning Plaza faces wrecking ball|date=1 October 2013|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong}} for Lee Garden Three.{{cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=164068&fc=7|title=New offices ease Causeway Bay squeeze slightly|date=10 December 2016|accessdate=20 October 2018|work=The Standard|publisher=Sing Tao News Corporation|location=Hong Kong|first=Esther|last=Yu}} The site in Tai Po was under construction.

Hysan Development was incorporated in 1970,Data in Hong Kong Companies Registry while its predecessor and the largest direct shareholder, Hysan Estates Limited—formerly known as Lee Hysan Estate Company Limited—was incorporated in 1923. As of December 2017, Hysan Estates was entirely owned by Lee Hysan Company Limited.{{rp|106}} According to company filing{{cite web|url=http://sdinotice.hkex.com.hk/filing/di/NSForm2.aspx?fn=17896&sa2=ns&sid=22970104&corpn=Hysan+Development+Co.+Ltd.&sd=28%2F07%2F2003&ed=14%2F05%2F2013&sa1=cl&scsd=04%2F07%2F2003&sced=04%2F07%2F2013&sc=0014&src=MAIN&lang=EN&sa2p=2&|title=FORM 2 - Corporate Substantial Shareholder Notice|date=14 June 2004|accessdate=20 October 2018|publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing}} and activist David Webb, the latter was a Jersey-incorporated company.{{cite web|url=https://webb-site.com/dbpub/orgdata.asp?x=y&p=62791|title=Lee Hysan Company Limited|work=Webb-site Who's Who|first=David|last=Webb|access-date=20 October 2018}} Lee Hysan Company Limited is believed to be controlled by members of {{ill|Lee Hysan family|zh|利希慎家族}}.

Despite being a family business,{{cite news|url=https://hk.finance.appledaily.com/finance/daily/article/20070404/6969693|script-title=zh:話要追求個人目標利子厚公開請接班人|department=中環在線 column|author=李華華|date=4 April 2007|accessdate=20 October 2018|work=Apple Daily|publisher=Next Digital|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk}} as of 1981, the company also had non-Lee directors such as Kwok Tak-seng of Sun Hung Kai Properties, Geoffrey Yeh of Hsin Chong, Chan Pun of Tai Cheung Holdings and Hu Fa-kuang on the board. One of the sons of Lee Hysan and one of the director of Lee Hysan Estate, {{ill|Harold H.W. Lee|zh|利孝和}}, died in 1980. Former chief secretary of the colonial Hong Kong government David Akers-Jones also served as an independent director of the company{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2053025/former-hong-kong-no-2-first-big-gun-support-regina-ip-top|title=Former Hong Kong No 2 is first big gun to support Regina Ip for top job|date=8 December 2016|accessdate=20 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong}} after he left the government in late 1980s. Akers-Jones later became an independent non-executive chairman of Hysan until he was replaced by Irene Lee in 2011.{{cite press release|url=http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2011/0309/LTN20110309164.pdf|title=Board appointments|date=9 March 2011|accessdate=22 October 2018|publisher=Hysan Development|location=Hong Kong|via=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing website}}

As of December 2017, out of nine directors of the board, four were independent non-executive directors, for example Lawrence Lau. While members of Lee family took four of the remaining seats, the last seat was occupied by Hans Michael Jebsen,{{rp|60–64}} who is also a business partner of the company in {{ill|Lee Garden Two|zh|利園二期}}, which is incorporated as Barrowgate Limited, as a minority shareholder.{{rp|84}}

Three of the four directors from Lee families were also the directors of Hysan Estates and Lee Hysan Co. Ltd. The executive chairman Irene Lee, who is not a director of the parent companies, is the sister of Anthony Lee, another director.{{rp|60–64}} They also served as non-executive directors on other companies in which the Lee family and Hysan Development had invested, such as Cathay Pacific Airways (Irene Lee as independent director) and TVB (Anthony Lee).{{rp|60–64}} While Lee Chien had served as a director of Swire Pacific,{{rp|60–64}} Swire Pacific and Cathay Pacific Airways were part of the Hong Kong real estate conglomerate Swire Group.

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{official website}}

Category:1970 establishments in Hong Kong

Category:Real estate companies established in 1970

Category:Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange

Category:Family-owned companies of Hong Kong

Category:Former companies in the Hang Seng Index

Category:Land developers of Hong Kong