IBM 1440

{{Infobox Computer

| name = IBM 1440

| title =

| aka =

| logo = File:IBM Logo 1956 1972.svg

| logo_size = 100px

| image = IBM 1440 (1) (cropped).jpg

| caption =

| manufacturer = International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

| family = IBM 1400

| releasedate = {{Start date and age|1962}}

| discontinued =

| os =

| cpu =

| memory =

| predecessor = IBM 1401

| successor =

| related =

| website =

| dimensions =

}}The IBM 1440 computer was announced by IBM October 11, 1962.{{cite web

|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP1440.html

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050114203100/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP1440.html

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=January 14, 2005

|title=1440 Data Processing System |website=IBM.com|date=23 January 2003 }} This member of the IBM 1400 series was described many years later as "essentially a lower-cost version of the 1401",{{cite magazine |magazine=IBM Systems Journal

|date=September 2012 |title=A 1440 Data Processing System Finds New Life After 50 Years

|author=Ryan Rhodes}} and programs for the 1440 could easily be adapted to run on the IBM 1401.

Despite what IBM described as "special features ... to meet immediate data processing requirements and ... to absorb increased demands," the 1440 did not quite attain the same commercial success as the 1401, and it was withdrawn on February 8, 1971.

Author Emerson Pugh wrote that the 1440 "did poorly in the marketplace because it was initially offered without the ability to attach magnetic tape units as well." (referring to offering both tape and disk).{{cite book

|title=Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0262307685

|isbn=978-0262307680 |author=Emerson W. Pugh |date=2009}}

System configuration

{{External media|image1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140103000945/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/images/overlay/2423PH1440.jpg IBM 1440 system] }}

The IBM 1441 processing unit (CPU) contained arithmetic and logic circuits and up to 16,000 alphanumeric storage positions.A convenience sampling of mid-1970s 1440 For-Sale ads showed 8K and 12K as quite common

The console was either a Model 1 or, when an electric typewriter was added, a Model 2, of the IBM 1447 operator's console.

File:IBM1442.corestore.jpg

Peripherals

The following peripherals were available:

IBM 1442 card reader/punch
Model 1 read up to 300 cards a minute and punched up to 80 columns a second
Model 2 read up to 400 cards a minute and punched up to 160 columns a second
Model 4, a read-only unit, read up to 400 cards/minute.

An IBM 1440 could be configured with a choice of:

::Model 4 (lowest cost){{cite web

|url=http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/144x/N24-0219_Misc_IO_Instructions_Jun64.pdf

|title=Technical Newsletter (No. N24-0219, File No. 1440-01)

|date=June 15, 1964

|access-date=December 21, 2017

|archive-date=February 16, 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216064034/http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/144x/N24-0219_Misc_IO_Instructions_Jun64.pdf

|url-status=dead

}}

::Model 4, for reading, and a Model 1 or 2 as a second unit{{cite web

|title=Executive Guide to the IBM 1440 Data Processing System

|url=http://s3data.computerhistory.org/brochures/ibm.1440.1962.102646251.pdf |date=1962}}{{cite book

|url=http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/144x/A24-3119-1_1442_Card_Read_Punch.pdf

|title=IBM 1442 Card Read-Punch Models 1 and 2 IBM 1442 Card Reader Models 3 and 4

|publisher=IBM

|access-date=2017-12-21

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422025241/http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/144x/A24-3119-1_1442_Card_Read_Punch.pdf

|archive-date=2015-04-22

|url-status=dead

}}

IBM 1443 flying typebar printer
Basic rate of 150 lines a minute and up to 430 lines a minute, depending on typebar
Interchangeable typebars having character sets of 13, 39, 52,"A-Z upper case, 10 digits 0–9, and 16 special characters: {{cite web

|title=Executive Guide to the IBM 1440 Data Processing System

|url=http://s3data.computerhistory.org/brochures/ibm.1440.1962.102646251.pdf |date=1962}} and 63 characters

IBM 1311 disk drive
Capacity for 2 million characters in each removable pack
With optional "Move Track Record" feature, capacity is increased to 2,980,000 characters in each pack
Each pack weighed less than 10 lb (5 kg).
Up to five 1311 drives
Tape drivesnot part of the initial offering
The IBM 7335 tape drive, available for use with the 1440,a pair of 7335 Tape Drives were part of a cited 1440 configuration - {{cite news |newspaper=Computerworld |date=November 26, 1975 |page=38

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMHHJQxdDHYC

|title=For sale}} was introduced by IBM on October 10, 1963.{{cite web |date=23 January 2003 |title=DPD chronology |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/dpd50/dpd50_chronology2.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716100912/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/dpd50/dpd50_chronology2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 16, 2012 |website=IBM.com}}

Software

File:IBM 1401 AUTOCODER programm select and print.jpg

IBM 1440 Autocoder was the assembly language provided by IBM. An IOCS was also provided,{{cite web

|url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/1401/C20-1601-9_1401_pgmCatApr69.pdf

|title=Catalog of Program for IBM 14.. - 11140-10-010 (Version 2)}} as was a collection of "Disk File Organization Routines".

Pricing

The cost and rental rate were:

Purchase price: $90,000 and up, depending on system configuration.
Rental rate: $1,500 and up, monthly rental, depending on system configuration.

Installations

Notable installations included a high-end 1440 at the Chicago Police Department installed by reformist superintendent Orlando Winfield Wilson in the early 1960s.

In the 1960s, Polish ZOWAR (ZETO Warszawa) was officially the first customer for IBM in Poland after WWII, despite the Iron Curtain.{{Cite web |title=Seminarium Historyczne PTI: Krzysztof Bulaszewski. IBM w Polsce - początki |url=https://historiainformatyki.pl/historia/seminarium-historyczne-pti-krzysztof-bulaszewski-ibm-w-polsce-poczatki |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133746/https://historiainformatyki.pl/historia/seminarium-historyczne-pti-krzysztof-bulaszewski-ibm-w-polsce-poczatki |archive-date=2018-02-01 |website=Historia Informatyki}}

In 2012, the TechWorks! Prototype Workshop of the Center for Technology & Innovation (CT&I) in Binghamton, New York successfully resurrected a 1440 system including a CPU and console, a 1311 disk drive, and a 1442 card reader/punch.{{cite journal|last=Rhodes|first=Ryan|title=A 1440 Data Processing System Finds New Life After 50 Years|journal=IBM Systems Magazine|date=Sep–Oct 2012|url=http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/stoprun/Stop-Run/1440/}}

An example of a more fully configured 1440reported in 1964: {{cite web

|title=Research News - Volumes 15-17 |page=33

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9FVAAAAMAAJ

|publisher=University of Michigan. Office of Research Administration |date=1964}} was:

five disk drives
two magnetic tape drives
two card reader-punches
one high-speed printer
an optical reader (to transfer specially coded medical data forms to magnetic tape)

References

External links

[http://www-1.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP1440.html IBM Archive: 1440 Data Processing System]
[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/IBM.1440.1962.102646250.pdf#search=%22IBM%20Banking%201440%22 IBM 1440 Data Processing System marketing brochure]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziHTMBmHkZk Original vintage film from 1962] Computer History Archives Project
[https://web.archive.org/web/20121209070203/http://ctandi.org/ibm%201440.html Center for Technology & Innovation – IBM 1440 Project]
[http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/1440/ 1440 documents on bitsavers.org]

1440

Category:Variable word length computers

Category:Decimal computers