IBM AIX#IBM PS/2 series

Originally released for the IBM RT PC RISC workstation in 1986, AIX has supported a wide range of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS/6000 series and later Power and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System/370 mainframes, PS/2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server. Currently, it is supported on IBM Power Systems alongside IBM i and Linux.

AIX is based on UNIX System V with 4.3BSD-compatible extensions. It is certified to the UNIX 03 and UNIX V7 specifications of the Single UNIX Specification, beginning with AIX versions 5.3 and 7.2 TL5, respectively.{{cite web|url=https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/ibm.htm|title=IBM Corporation Registered Products by Product Standard|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Open Group|archive-date=2022-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123205634/https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/ibm.htm|url-status=live}} Older versions were certified to the UNIX 95 and UNIX 98 specifications.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030802103246/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/|url=http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/|title=The Open Brand - Register of Certified Products|date=2003-07-23|archive-date=2003-08-02|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Open Group}}

AIX was the first operating system to implement a journaling file system. IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features such as processor, disk, and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation (including fractional processor units), and reliability engineering concepts derived from its mainframe designs.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-unix40/#aixhistory|title=UNIX turns 40|access-date=2011-02-09|publisher=IBM Corporation|date=2011-02-09|archive-date=2011-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624231140/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-unix40/#aixhistory|url-status=dead}}

File:IBM RS6000 AIX File Servers IBM.COM 1998.jpeg RS/6000 AIX file servers used for IBM.com in the 1990s]]

File:IBM AIX 4 Login Prompt.jpeg

Unix began in the early 1970s at AT&T's Bell Labs research center, running on DEC minicomputers. By 1976, the operating system was used in various academic institutions, including Princeton, where Tom Lyon and others ported it to the S/370 to run as a guest OS under VM/370.{{cite journal |title=Portability of C Programs and the UNIX System |first1=Stephen C. |last1=Johnson |author-link1=Stephen C. Johnson |first2=Dennis M. |last2=Ritchie |author-link2=Dennis Ritchie |journal=Bell System Technical Journal |volume=57 |issue=6 |year=1978 |pages=2021–2048 |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/portpap.pdf |doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02141.x |s2cid=17510065 |access-date=August 4, 2015 |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218212919/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/portpap.pdf |url-status=live }} This port later grew into UTS,{{cite web |first=Lars |last=Poulsen |title=IBM 360/370/3090/390 |date=2001 |url=http://www.beagle-ears.com/lars/engineer/comphist/ibm360.htm |access-date=November 4, 2015 |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103142809/http://www.beagle-ears.com/lars/engineer/comphist/ibm360.htm |url-status=live }} a mainframe Unix offering from IBM's competitor Amdahl Corporation.{{cite web |url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/amdahl-launches-uts-mainframe-unix-version--3646 |title=Amdahl launches UTS mainframe Unix |year=1993 |access-date=November 4, 2015 |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418154402/http://www.telecompaper.com/news/amdahl-launches-uts-mainframe-unix-version--3646 |url-status=live }}

IBM's involvement with Unix began in 1979 when it assisted Bell Labs in porting Unix to the S/370 platform to be used as a build host for the 5ESS switch's software. During this process, IBM made modifications to the TSS/370 Resident Supervisor to better support Unix.{{cite journal |title=A UNIX System Implementation for System/370 |first1=W. A. |last1=Felton |first2=G. L. |last2=Miller |first3=J. M. |last3=Milner |journal=AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal |year=1984 |volume=63 |issue=8 |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/otherports/ibm.pdf |access-date=September 1, 2015 |archive-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611114653/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/otherports/ibm.pdf |url-status=live }}

In 1984, IBM introduced its own Unix variant for the S/370 platform called VM/IX, developed by Interactive Systems Corporation using Unix System III. However, VM/IX was only available as a PRPQ (Programming Request for Price Quotation) and was not a General Availability product. It was replaced in 1985 by IBM IX/370, a fully supported product based on AT&T's Unix/360 6th Edition, later updated to Unix System V.{{cite news |newspaper=Computerworld |date=February 18, 1985 |title=Users: New life for VM |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA11 |first=John |last=Gallant |access-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-date=May 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517120151/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA11 |url-status=live }}

In 1986, IBM introduced AIX Version 1 for the IBM RT PC workstation. It was based on UNIX System V Releases 1 and 2, incorporating source code from 4.2 and 4.3 BSD UNIX.{{cite web |url=https://notes.technologists.com/notes/2017/03/08/lets-start-at-the-very-beginning-801-romp-rtpc-aix-versions/ |title=Let's start at the very beginning… 801, ROMP, RT/PC, AIX versions |website=Notes.technologists.com |date=March 8, 2017 |access-date=November 5, 2024 }}

AIX Version 2 followed in 1987 for the RT PC.{{cite journal |url=https://technologists.com/sauer/Advanced%20Interactive%20Executive%20(AIX)%20Operating%20System%20Overview.pdf |title=Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) Operating System Overview |journal=IBM Systems Journal |volume=26 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=326–345 |doi=10.1147/sj.264.0326 }}

In 1990, AIX Version 3 was released for the POWER-based RS/6000 platform.{{cite book |last=Misra |first=Mamata |title=IBM RISC System/6000 Technology |publisher=IBM |year=1990 }} It became the primary operating system for the RS/6000 series, which was later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, IBM System p, and finally IBM Power Systems.

AIX Version 4, introduced in 1994, added symmetric multiprocessing and evolved through the 1990s, culminating with AIX 4.3.3 in 1999. A modified version of Version 4.1 was also used as the standard OS for the Apple Network Server line by Apple Computer.

In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and the Santa Cruz Operation attempted to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a multiplatform Unix for Intel IA-64 architecture. The project was discontinued in 2002 after limited commercial success.{{cite web |url=http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100330152829622 |title=Novell Wins Again - Jury Rules Copyrights Didn't Go to SCO |access-date=March 30, 2010 |date=March 30, 2010 |archive-date=May 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505010433/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100330152829622 |url-status=dead}}

In 2003, the SCO Group filed a lawsuit against IBM, alleging misappropriation of UNIX System V source code in AIX. The case was resolved in 2010 when a jury ruled that Novell owned the rights to Unix, not SCO.

File:AIX logo old.svg

AIX 6 was announced in May 2007 and became generally available on November 9, 2007. Key features included role-based access control, workload partitions, and Live Partition Mobility.

AIX 7.1 was released in September 2010 with enhancements such as Cluster Aware AIX and support for large-scale memory and real-time application requirements.{{cite web |url=http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/ |title=IBM AIX 7 Preview |publisher=IBM Corporation |date=April 16, 2010 }}

The original AIX (sometimes called AIX/RT) was developed for the IBM RT PC workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC/IX. According to its developers, the AIX source (for this initial version) consisted of one million lines of code.{{cite journal|title=IBM joins 32-bit fray with RT line|journal=Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33QfOHT69aMC&pg=PA8|date=January 27, 1986|publisher=Computerworld|page=8|issn=0010-4841|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227082806/https://books.google.com/books?id=33QfOHT69aMC&pg=PA8|url-status=live}} Installation media consisted of eight 1.2M floppy disks. The RT was based on the IBM ROMP microprocessor, the first commercial RISC chip. This was based on a design pioneered at IBM Research (the IBM 801).

One of the novel aspects of the RT design was the use of a microkernel, called Virtual Resource Manager (VRM). The keyboard, mouse, display, disk drives and network were all controlled by a microkernel. One could "hotkey" from one operating system to the next using the Alt-Tab key combination. Each OS in turn would get possession of the keyboard, mouse and display. Besides AIX v2, the PICK OS also included this microkernel.

Much of the AIX v2 kernel was written in the PL.8 programming language, which proved troublesome during the migration to AIX v3.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} AIX v2 included full TCP/IP networking, as well as SNA and two networking file systems: NFS, licensed from Sun Microsystems, and Distributed Services (DS). DS had the distinction of being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully compatible with DS on {{clarify|text=IBM mainframe systems|reason=which operating systems?|date=October 2021}} and on midrange systems running OS/400 through IBM i. For the graphical user interfaces, AIX v2 came with the X10R3 and later the X10R4 and X11 versions of the X Window System from MIT, together with the Athena widget set. Compilers for Fortran and C were available.

File:Aix-1.3-ps2.png

AIX PS/2 (also known as AIX/386) was developed by Locus Computing Corporation under contract to IBM.{{cite journal|author=Patricia Keefe|title=IBM, Locus to co-develop PS/2 AIX system|journal=Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXpro99fIsC&pg=PT7|publisher=Computerworld|page=8|date=July 6, 1986|issn=0010-4841|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227075231/https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXpro99fIsC&pg=PT7|url-status=live}} AIX PS/2, first released in October 1988,{{cite web

|url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP87-0422

|title=IBM Advanced Interactive Executive AIX PS/2 Operating System And Related Licensed Programs - 5713-AEQ Part # 11F8182 IBM AIX PS/2 Base Operating System

|type=Announcement letter

|publisher=IBM.com

|date=November 3, 1987

|access-date=January 19, 2025

}} ran on IBM PS/2 personal computers with Intel 386 and compatible processors.

File:Aix-1.3-ps2-dt.png

The product was announced in September 1988 with a baseline tag price of $595, although some utilities, such as UUCP, were included in a separate Extension package priced at $250. nroff and troff for AIX were also sold separately in a Text Formatting System package priced at $200. The TCP/IP stack for AIX PS/2 retailed for another $300. The X Window System package was priced at $195, and featured a graphical environment called the AIXwindows Desktop, based on IXI's X.desktop.{{cite magazine|author=|title=Software with a foreign flair|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAmo4wSwQJ0C&q=aix+ps/2+ixi&pg=PP7|magazine=Computerworld|publisher=IDG Enterprise|date=1990-03-26|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=March 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319212745/https://books.google.com/books?id=cAmo4wSwQJ0C&q=aix+ps%2F2+ixi&pg=PP7|url-status=live}} The C and FORTRAN compilers each had a price tag of $275. Locus also made available their DOS Merge virtual machine environment for AIX, which could run MS DOS 3.3 applications inside AIX; DOS Merge was sold separately for another $250.{{cite journal|title=IBM Announces Broad Range of Unix-Related Tools, Products|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bj8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8|date=November 16, 1987|journal=InfoWorld|page=8|issn=0199-6649|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227035529/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bj8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8|url-status=live}} IBM also offered a $150 AIX PS/2 DOS Server Program, which provided file server and print server services for client computers running PC DOS 3.3.{{cite journal|title=AIX for PS/2|journal=Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBT4fczNvWwC&pg=PT54|date=February 22, 1988|publisher=Computerworld|page=55|issn=0010-4841|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227205709/https://books.google.com/books?id=jBT4fczNvWwC&pg=PT54|url-status=live}}

The last version of PS/2 AIX is 1.3. It was released in 1992 and announced to add support for non-IBM (non-microchannel) computers as well.{{cite journal|author=Cate Corcoran|title=IBM announces increased support for Unix on PCs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16|date=September 28, 1992|journal=InfoWorld|pages=16|issn=0199-6649|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227081052/https://books.google.com/books?id=klEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16|url-status=live}} Support for PS/2 AIX ended in March 1995.{{cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS294-770|title=Withdrawal: IBM AIX PS/2 Operating System Version 1.3 and Related Licensed Programs|website=IBM |date=December 6, 1994}}

In 1988, IBM announced AIX/370,{{cite web

|title = Advanced Interactive Executive/370 (AIX (TM)/370)

|id = 288-130

|date = March 15, 1988

|url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS288-130

|type = Announcement letter

|publisher = IBM

|access-date = January 19, 2025

}} also developed by Locus Computing. AIX/370 was IBM's fourth attempt to offer Unix-like functionality for their mainframe line, specifically the System/370 (the prior versions were a TSS/370-based Unix system developed jointly with AT&T c.1980, a VM/370-based system named VM/IX developed jointly with Interactive Systems Corporation c.1984,{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} and a VM/370-based version of TSS/370{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} named IX/370 which was upgraded to be compatible with UNIX System V{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}). AIX/370 was released in 1990 with functional equivalence to System V Release 2 and 4.3BSD as well as IBM enhancements. With the introduction of the ESA/390 architecture, AIX/370 was replaced by AIX/ESA{{cite web

|title = IBM AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 1

|id = 292-183

|date = March 31, 1992

|url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS292-183

|type = Announcement letter

|publisher = IBM

|access-date = January 19, 2025

}} in 1991, which was based on OSF/1, and also ran on the System/390 platform. This development effort was made partly to allow IBM to compete with Amdahl UTS.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Unlike AIX/370, AIX/ESA ran both natively as the host operating system, and as a guest under VM. AIX/ESA, while technically advanced, had little commercial success, partially because{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} UNIX functionality was added as an option to the existing mainframe operating system, MVS, as MVS/ESA SP Version 4 Release 3 OpenEdition{{citation

|title = OpenEdition(TM) services Available on MVS/ESA SP Version 4 Release 3 (JES2 and JES3)

|id = ZP94-0246

|date = March 8, 1994

|url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP94-0246

|type = Announcement letter

|publisher = IBM

|access-date = January 19, 2025

}} in 1994, and continued as an integral part of MVS/ESA SP Version 5, OS/390 and z/OS, with the name eventually changing from OpenEdition to Unix System Services. IBM also provided OpenEdition in VM/ESA Version 2{{cite web

|title = Availability: VM/ESA Version 2 Release 1.0 with OpenEdition for VM/ESA

|id = 295-240

|date = June 12, 1995

|url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS295-240

|type = Announcement letter

|publisher = IBM

|access-date = January 19, 2025

}} through z/VM.

As part of Project Monterey, IBM released a beta test version of AIX 5L for the IA-64 (Itanium) architecture in 2001, but this never became an official product due to lack of interest.{{cite web

| url = http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=2005082506163768

| title = 2002 IBM Internal Email on Project Monterey – "No One Wants It"

| access-date = May 20, 2007

| last = Jones

| first = Pamela

| author-link = Pamela Jones

| date = August 25, 2005

| work = Groklaw

| archive-date = May 5, 2010

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100505065447/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=2005082506163768

| url-status = dead

}}

The Apple Network Server (ANS) systems were PowerPC-based systems designed by Apple Computer to have numerous high-end features that standard Apple hardware did not have, including swappable hard drives, redundant power supplies, and external monitoring capability. These systems were more or less based on the Power Macintosh hardware available at the time but were designed to use AIX (versions 4.1.4 or 4.1.5) as their native operating system in a specialized version specific to the ANS called AIX for Apple Network Servers.

AIX was only compatible with the Network Servers and was not ported to standard Power Macintosh hardware. It should not be confused with A/UX, Apple's earlier version of Unix for 68k-based Macintoshes.

File:IBM RS6000 AIX Servers IBM.COM 1998 (1).jpeg servers running IBM.com in early 1998]]

File:IBM RS6000 AIX Servers IBM.COM 1998 (2).jpeg servers running IBM.com in early 1998]]

The release of AIX version 3 (sometimes called AIX/6000) coincided with the announcement of the first POWER1-based IBM RS/6000 models in 1990.

AIX v3 innovated in several ways on the software side. It was the first operating system to introduce the idea of a journaling file system, JFS, which allowed for fast boot times by avoiding the need to ensure the consistency of the file systems on disks (see fsck) on every reboot. Another innovation was shared libraries which avoid the need for static linking from an application to the libraries it used. The resulting smaller binaries used less of the hardware RAM to run, and used less disk space to install. Besides improving performance, it was a boon to developers: executable binaries could be in the tens of kilobytes instead of a megabyte for an executable statically linked to the C library. AIX v3 also scrapped the microkernel of AIX v2, a contentious move that resulted in v3 containing no PL.8 code and being somewhat more "pure" than v2.

Other notable subsystems included:

• IRIS GL, a 3D rendering library, the progenitor of OpenGL. IRIS GL was licensed by IBM from SGI in 1987, then still a fairly small company, which had sold only a few thousand machines at the time. SGI also provided the low-end graphics card for the RS/6000, capable of drawing 20,000 gouraud-shaded triangles per second. The high-end graphics card was designed by IBM, a follow-on to the mainframe-attached IBM 5080, capable of rendering 990,000 vectors per second.
• PHIGS, another 3D rendering API, popular in automotive CAD/CAM circles, and at the core of CATIA.
• Full implementation of version 11 of the X Window System, together with Motif as the recommended widget toolkit and window manager.
• Network file systems: NFS from Sun; AFS, the Andrew File System; and DFS, the Distributed File System.
• NCS, the Network Computing System, licensed from Apollo Computer (later acquired by HP).
• DPS on-screen display system. This was notable as a "plan B" in case the X11+Motif combination failed in the marketplace. However, it was highly proprietary, supported only by Sun, NeXT, and IBM. This cemented its failure in the marketplace in the face of the open systems challenge of X11+Motif and its lack of 3D capability.

In addition, AIX applications can run in the PASE subsystem under IBM i.

IBM formerly made the AIX for RS/6000 source code available to customers for a fee; in 1991, IBM customers could order the AIX 3.0 source code for a one-time charge of US$60,000;{{Cite web |date=1991-07-02 |title=IBM AIX Version 3 Source Code For RISC System/6000 |type=Announcement letter |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS291-335 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en-US}} subsequently, IBM released the AIX 3.1 source code in 1992,{{Cite web |date=1992-01-21 |title=AIX Version 3.1 Source Code for RISC System/6000 |type=Announcement letter |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP92-0252 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en-US}} and AIX 3.2 in 1993.{{Cite web |date=1993-02-02 |title=AIX Version 3.2 Source Code for RISC System/6000 |type=Announcement letter |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP93-0158 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en-US}} These source code distributions excluded certain files (authored by third-parties) which IBM did not have rights to redistribute, and also excluded layered products such as the MS-DOS emulator and the C compiler. Furthermore, in order to be able to license the AIX source code, the customer first had to procure source code license agreements with AT&T and the University of California, Berkeley.

File:IBM AIX 53.PNG

• AIX V7.3, December 10, 2021{{cite web

|url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/aix-73-standard-edition

|title = IBM delivers enhanced capabilities with IBM AIX 7.3 Standard Edition

|id = 221-328

|type = Announcement letter

|publisher = IBM

|date = October 19, 2021

|access-date = January 19, 2025

}}

• Requires POWER8 or newer CPUs
• AIX V7.2, October 5, 2015{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS215-393 |title=IBM AIX 7.2 delivers the reliability, availability, performance, and security needed to be successful in the new global economy |type=Announcement letter |publisher=IBM.com |date=October 5, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2025}}
• Live update for Interim Fixes, Service Packs and Technology Levels{{snd}} replaces the entire AIX kernel without impacting applications
• Flash based filesystem caching
• Cluster Aware AIX automation with repository replacement mechanism
• SRIOV-backed VNIC, or dedicated VNIC virtualized network adapter support
• RDSv3 over RoCE adds support of the Oracle RDSv3 protocol over the Mellanox Connect RoCE adapters
• Supports secure boot on POWER9 systems.{{cite book|title=IBM AIX Enhancements and Modernization|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni3KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|date=February 4, 2020|publisher=IBM Redbooks|author=Scott Vetter, Navdeep Dhaliwal, Ahmed Mashhour, Armin Röll, Liviu Rosca|chapter=Chapter 2.2 AIX Secure boot|isbn=978-0738458281|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=April 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412234349/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni3KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|url-status=live}}
• Requires POWER7 or newer CPUs
• AIX V7.1, September 10, 2010{{cite web

|url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSAP10-0184

|title = BM AIX V7.1 and IBM PowerVM V2.2 offer new functions for virtualization, security, reliability, and system management for mission-critical, core business applications

|id = AP10-0184

|type = Announcement letter

|publisher = IBM

|date = August 17, 2010

|access-date = January 19, 2025

}}

• Support for 256 cores / 1024 threads in a single LPAR
• The ability to run AIX V5.2 or V5.3 inside of a Workload Partition
• An XML profile based system configuration management utility
• Support for export of Fibre Channel adapters to WPARs
• VIOS disk support in a WPAR
• Cluster Aware AIX
• AIX Event infrastructure
• Role-based access control (RBAC) with domain support for multi-tenant environments
• Requires POWER4 or newer CPUs
• AIX V6.1, November 9, 2007
• Workload Partitions (WPARs) operating system-level virtualization
• Live Application Mobility
• Live Partition Mobility
• Security
• Role Based Access Control RBAC
• AIX Security Expert{{snd}} a system and network security hardening tool
• Encrypting JFS2 filesystem
• Trusted AIX
• Trusted Execution
• Integrated Electronic Service Agent for auto error reporting
• Concurrent Kernel Maintenance
• Kernel exploitation of POWER6 storage keys
• ProbeVue dynamic tracing
• Systems Director Console for AIX
• Integrated filesystem snapshot
• Requires POWER4 or newer CPUs
• AIX 6 withdrawn from Marketing effective April 2016 and from Support effective April 2017
• AIX 5L 5.3,{{cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS204-155|title=IBM AIX 5L for POWER V5.3 offers new levels of innovative and self-management technologies on advanced POWER5 systems|date=July 13, 2004|publisher=IBM}} August 13, 2004, end of support April 30, 2012
• NFS Version 4
• Advanced Accounting
• Virtual SCSI
• Virtual Ethernet
• Exploitation of Simultaneous multithreading (SMT)
• Micro-Partitioning enablement
• POWER5 exploitation
• JFS2 quotas
• Ability to shrink a JFS2 filesystem
• Kernel scheduler has been enhanced to dynamically increase and decrease the use of virtual processors.
• AIX 5L 5.2,{{cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS202-270|title=IBM AIX 5L for POWER V5.2 Delivers Industry-Leading Resource Management for Commercial and Enterprise Servers|date=October 8, 2002|publisher=IBM}} October 18, 2002, end of support April 30, 2009
• Ability to run on the IBM BladeCenter JS20 with the PowerPC 970
• Minimum level required for POWER5 hardware
• MPIO for Fibre Channel disks
• iSCSI Initiator software
• Participation in Dynamic LPAR
• Concurrent I/O (CIO) feature introduced for JFS2 released in Maintenance Level 01 in May 2003{{cite web|url=http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/whitepapers/db_perf_aix.pdf|title=Power Systems – IBM|date=n.d.|website=ibm.com|access-date=April 14, 2008|archive-date=April 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412234249/http://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/servers|url-status=live}}
• AIX 5L 5.1,{{cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS201-090|title=IBM AIX 5L Version 5.1 Advanced UNIX Operating System with Linux Affinity Delivers the Most Powerful and Flexible Choice for e-business and Enterprise Servers|date=April 17, 2001|publisher=IBM}} May 4, 2001, end of support April 1, 2006
• Ability to run on an IA-64 architecture processor, although this never went beyond beta.{{cite web|url=http://www.unigroup.org/unigroup-0404.html|title=Unigroup Next Meeting Announcement|access-date=January 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829033329/http://www.unigroup.org/unigroup-0404.html|archive-date=August 29, 2006|url-status=live}}
• Minimum level required for POWER4 hardware and the last release that worked on the Micro Channel architecture
• 64-bit kernel, installed but not activated by default
• JFS2
• Ability to run in a Logical Partition on POWER4
• The L stands for Linux affinity
• Trusted Computing Base (TCB)
• Support for mirroring with striping
• AIX 4.3.3, September 17, 1999{{Cite web |title=IBM AIX from Strength to Strength |url=https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/system/files/inline-files/IBM%20AIX%20from%20Strength%20to%20Strength%202020%2013%20July%202020.pdf |access-date=December 12, 2024 |website=IBM}}
• Online backup function
• Workload Manager (WLM)
• Introduction of topas utility{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
• AIX 4.3.2, October 23, 1998
• AIX 4.3.1, April 24, 1998
• First TCSEC security evaluation, completed December 18, 1998{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2305.wss|title=IBM's AIX is First Operating System in a 64-bit Environment to Receive C2 Security Certification|date=January 18, 1999|website=www-03.ibm.com|access-date=January 12, 2015|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220524/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2305.wss|url-status=dead}}
• AIX 4.3, October 31, 1997
• Ability to run on 64-bit architecture CPUs
• IPv6
• Web-based System Manager
• AIX 4.2.1, April 25, 1997
• NFS Version 3
• Y2K-compliant
• AIX 4.2, May 17, 1996
• AIX 4.1.5, November 8, 1996
• AIX 4.1.4, October 20, 1995
• AIX 4.1.3, July 7, 1995
• CDE 1.0 became the default GUI environment, replacing the AIXwindows Desktop.
• AIX 4.1.1, October 28, 1994
• AIX 4.1, August 12, 1994
• AIX Ultimedia Services introduced (multimedia drivers and applications){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
• AIX 4.0, 1994
• Run on RS/6000 systems with PowerPC processors and PCI busses.
• AIX 3.2.5, October 15, 1993{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX 3.2 1992{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX 3.1, (General Availability) February 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• Journaled File System (JFS) filesystem type
• AIXwindows Desktop (based on X.desktop from IXI Limited)
• AIX 3.0 1989 (Early Access)
• LVM (Logical Volume Manager) was incorporated into OSF/1, and in 1995 for HP-UX,{{cite web |url=http://byte.com/art/9504/sec14/art2.htm |title=How HP improved the performance, reliability, and ease of use of its flagship PA-RISC operating system |first1=John |last1=Sontag |work=Byte |date=April 1995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961020154920/http://byte.com/art/9504/sec14/art2.htm |archive-date=October 20, 1996 |url-status=usurped}} and the Linux LVM implementation is similar to the HP-UX LVM implementation.{{cite conference|url=https://www.usenix.org/conference/2001-usenix-annual-technical-conference/volume-managers-linux|title=Volume Managers in Linux|first1=David|last1=Teigland|first2=Heinz|last2=Mauelshagen|conference=2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference|date=June 2001|publisher=USENIX Association|access-date=January 13, 2022|archive-date=January 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113055232/https://www.usenix.org/conference/2001-usenix-annual-technical-conference/volume-managers-linux|url-status=live}}
• SMIT was introduced.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

• AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 2{{cite web

| title = IBM AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 2

| id = 292-711

| date = December 15, 1992

| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS292-711

| type = Announcement letter

| publisher = IBM

}}

• Announced December 15, 1992
• Available February 26, 1993
• Withdrawn Jun 19, 1993
• Runs only in S/370-ESA mode

• AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 1
• Announced March 31, 1992
• Available June 26, 1992
• Withdrawn Jun 19, 1993
• Runs only in S/370-ESA mode
• AIX/370 Version 1 Release 2.1{{cite web

| title = IBM AIX/370 Version 1 Release 2.1

| id = 291-040

| date = February 5, 1991

| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS291-040

| type = Announcement letter

| publisher = IBM

}}

• Announced February 5, 1991
• Available February February 22, 1991
• Withdrawn December 31, 1992
• Does not run in XA, ESA or z mode

• AIX/370 Version 1 Release 1
• Announced March 15, 1988
• Available February 16, 1989
• Does not run in XA, ESA or z mode

• AIX PS/2 v1.3, October 1992{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• Withdrawn from sale in US, March 1995
• Patches supporting IBM ThinkPad 750C family of notebook computers, 1994
• Patches supporting non PS/2 hardware and systems, 1993
• AIX PS/2 v1.2.1, May 1991{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX PS/2 v1.2, March 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX PS/2 v1.1, March 1989{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

• AIX RT v2.2.1, March 1991{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX RT v2.2, March 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX RT v2.1, March 1989{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• X-Windows included on installation media
• AIX RT v1.1, 1986{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• AIX RT v1.0, 1985{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

File:CDE 2012 on Linux.png, AIX's default graphical user interface ]]

The default shell was Bourne shell up to AIX version 3, but was changed to KornShell (ksh88) in version 4 for XPG4 and POSIX compliance.

The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is AIX's default graphical user interface. As part of Linux Affinity and the free AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications (ATLA), open-source KDE and GNOME desktops are also available.{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=aix-adding-open-source-applications-your-system |title=Adding Open Source Applications to Your System |publisher=IBM |accessdate=21 January 2025}}

{{Main|System Management Interface Tool}}

File:Screenshot of IBM AIX SMIT Initial Menu.png

SMIT is the System Management Interface Tool for AIX. It allows a user to navigate a menu hierarchy of commands, rather than using the command line. Invocation is typically achieved with the command smit. Experienced system administrators make use of the F6 function key which generates the command line that SMIT will invoke to complete it.

SMIT also generates a log of commands that are performed in the smit.script file. The smit.script file automatically records the commands with the command flags and parameters used. The smit.script file can be used as an executable shell script to rerun system configuration tasks. SMIT also creates the smit.log file, which contains additional detailed information that can be used by programmers in extending the SMIT system.

smit and smitty refer to the same program, though smitty invokes the text-based version, while smit will invoke an X Window System based interface if possible; however, if smit determines that X Window System capabilities are not present, it will present the text-based version instead of failing. Determination of X Window System capabilities is typically performed by checking for the existence of the DISPLAY variable.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Object Data Manager (ODM) is a database of system information integrated into AIX,{{cite web|title=Object Data Manager (ODM)|url=http://sysadminexperts.com/basic-aix-course/aix-technical-topic/object-data-manager-odm|website=sysadminexperts.com|publisher=SysAdminExperts|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=June 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613035746/http://sysadminexperts.com/basic-aix-course/aix-technical-topic/object-data-manager-odm/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=IBM Knowledge Center: Object data manager|url=https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.genprogc/odm.htm|website=ibm.com|publisher=IBM|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810215310/https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.genprogc/odm.htm|url-status=live}} analogous to the registry in Microsoft Windows.{{cite book |last=Nemeth |first=Evi |title=UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SIdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA432 |date=2011 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=978-0-13-148005-6 |pages=432–437 |chapter=Chapter 13. Drivers and the Kernel |access-date=June 7, 2017 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227081710/https://books.google.com/books?id=0SIdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA432 |url-status=live }} A good understanding of the ODM is essential for managing AIX systems.{{cite book|last1=Michael|first1=Randal|title=AIX 5L Administration|date=August 2, 2002|publisher=Mcgraw-hill|isbn=9780072222555|page=150|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NS_2z4e67sQC&q=%22object+data+manager%22|language=en|access-date=November 12, 2020|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044509/https://books.google.com/books?id=NS_2z4e67sQC&q=%22object+data+manager%22|url-status=live}}

Data managed in ODM is stored and maintained as objects with associated attributes.{{cite web|title=IBM Training White Paper: Understanding the AIX Object Data Manager|url=https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/white-papers/understanding-the-aix-object-data-manager/|website=globalknowledge.com|publisher=Global Knowledge|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807075832/https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/white-papers/understanding-the-aix-object-data-manager/|url-status=live}} Interaction with ODM is possible via application programming interface (API) library for programs, and command-line utilities such as odmshow, odmget, odmadd, odmchange and odmdelete for shell scripts and users. SMIT and its associated AIX commands can also be used to query and modify information in the ODM.{{cite book|last1=Frisch|first1=Æleen|title=Essential System Administration: Tools and Techniques for Linux and Unix Administration|date=August 23, 2002|publisher="O'Reilly Media, Inc."|isbn=9780596550493|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRW8V9QOL7YC&q=%22object+data+manager%22+AIX&pg=PT91|language=en|access-date=November 12, 2020|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044336/https://books.google.com/books?id=uRW8V9QOL7YC&q=%22object+data+manager%22+AIX&pg=PT91|url-status=live}} ODM is stored on disk using Berkeley DB files.{{cite book | last=Hein | first=Trent | title=Unix and Linux System Administration Handbook, Fourth Edition | publisher=Pearson | publication-place=S.l | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-13-211736-4 | oclc=1192343222 | page=}}

Example of information stored in the ODM database are:

• Network configuration
• Logical volume management configuration{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• Installed software information
• Information for logical devices or software drivers{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• List of all AIX supported devices{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• Physical hardware devices installed and their configuration{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
• Menus, screens and commands that SMIT uses

• AOS, IBM's educational-market port of 4.3BSD
• IBM PowerHA SystemMirror (formerly HACMP)
• List of Unix systems
• nmon
• Operating systems timeline
• Service Update Management Assistant
• Vital Product Data (VPD)

{{Reflist|30em}}

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Category:IBM AIX

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Category:Object-oriented database management systems

Category:1986 software

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