IC 3528

IC 3528 is classified a narrow-line Seyfert 1.5 type galaxy.{{Cite journal |last1=Grünwald |first1=G. |last2=Boller |first2=Th. |last3=Rakshit |first3=S. |last4=Buchner |first4=J. |last5=Dauser |first5=Th. |last6=Freyberg |first6=M. |last7=Liu |first7=T. |last8=Salvato |first8=M. |last9=Schichtel |first9=A. |date=2023-01-01 |title=The first look at narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with eROSITA |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...669A..37G |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=669 |pages=A37 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202244620 |arxiv=2211.06184 |bibcode=2023A&A...669A..37G |issn=0004-6361}}{{Cite journal |last1=Lipovetsky |first1=V. A. |last2=Neizvestny |first2=S. I. |last3=Neizvestnaya |first3=O. M. |date=1988-01-01 |title=A catalogue of Seyfert galaxies. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988SoSAO..55....5L |journal=Soobshcheniya Spetsial'noj Astrofizicheskoj Observatorii |volume=55 |pages=5–133|bibcode=1988SoSAO..55....5L }} Containing X-ray emission,{{Cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=Scott F. |last2=Margon |first2=Bruce |last3=Voges |first3=Wolfgang |last4=Plotkin |first4=Richard M. |last5=Syphers |first5=David |last6=Haggard |first6=Daryl |last7=Collinge |first7=Matthew J. |last8=Meyer |first8=Jillian |last9=Strauss |first9=Michael A. |last10=Agüeros |first10=Marcel A. |last11=Hall |first11=Patrick B. |last12=Homer |first12=L. |last13=Ivezić |first13=Željko |last14=Richards |first14=Gordon T. |last15=Richmond |first15=Michael W. |date=2007-01-01 |title=A Large, Uniform Sample of X-Ray-emitting Active Galactic Nuclei from the ROSAT All Sky and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: The Data Release 5 Sample |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AJ....133..313A |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=313–329 |arxiv=astro-ph/0609458 |bibcode=2007AJ....133..313A |doi=10.1086/509765 |issn=0004-6256}} the galaxy shows strong evidence of non-gravitational outflow kinematics in its [O III] λ5007 emission feature.{{Cite journal |last1=Sexton |first1=Remington O. |last2=Matzko |first2=William |last3=Darden |first3=Nicholas |last4=Canalizo |first4=Gabriela |last5=Gorjian |first5=Varoujan |date=2021-01-01 |title=Bayesian AGN Decomposition Analysis for SDSS spectra: a correlation analysis of [O III] λ5007 outflow kinematics with AGN and host galaxy properties |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=500 |issue=3 |pages=2871–2895 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staa3278 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2010.09748 |bibcode=2021MNRAS.500.2871S |issn=0035-8711}} In addition, IC 4528 contains broad emission lines with widths measuring Hβ FWHM ≤ 2000 km s⁻¹ and is a type-1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosted inside a lower-luminosity galaxy that is found having a higher incidence of pseudo-bulges, with barred morphology, and considered less disturbed. This suggests narrow-line Type 1 AGNs like in the case of IC 3528, experiences a more quiescent evolutionary history that is driven primarily by internal secular evolution rather than external dynamical perturbations.{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Minjin |last2=Ho |first2=Luis C. |last3=Peng |first3=Chien Y. |last4=Barth |first4=Aaron J. |last5=Im |first5=Myungshin |date=2017-10-01 |title=Stellar Photometric Structures of the Host Galaxies of Nearby Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=232 |issue=2 |pages=21 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/aa8a75 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1710.02194 |bibcode=2017ApJS..232...21K |issn=0067-0049}}

IC 3528 has an estimated star formation rate of ≳6 M⊙ yr⁻¹{{Cite journal |last1=Lutz |first1=D. |last2=Shimizu |first2=T. |last3=Davies |first3=R. I. |last4=Herrera-Camus |first4=R. |last5=Sturm |first5=E. |last6=Tacconi |first6=L. J. |last7=Veilleux |first7=S. |date=2018-01-01 |title=Local Swift-BAT active galactic nuclei prefer circumnuclear star formation |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...609A...9L |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=609 |pages=A9 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201731423 |arxiv=1709.00857 |bibcode=2018A&A...609A...9L |issn=0004-6361}} It is a dusty starburst galaxy exhibiting a strong Hδ line in absorption and modest [O II] emission, whom researchers found the galaxy is affected by reddening. Based on star formation rates derived from the FIR luminosities with the estimates based on the Hα line, they found the values obtained from these optical emission lines in IC 3528 are a factor of 10-70 (Hα) and 20-140 ([O II]) lower than the FIR estimates (50-300 M_solar yr⁻¹).{{Cite journal |last1=Poggianti |first1=Bianca M. |last2=Wu |first2=Hong |date=2000-01-01 |title=Optical Spectral Signatures of Dusty Starburst Galaxies |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...529..157P |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=529 |issue=1 |pages=157–169 |doi=10.1086/308243 |arxiv=astro-ph/9908180 |bibcode=2000ApJ...529..157P |issn=0004-637X}}

IC 3528 has a low gas fraction and higher oxygen abundance, making a it gas-poor galaxy and metal-rich, which demonstrates the idea that removal of gas from the outskirts of spirals increases the observed average metallicity by ~0.1 dex.{{Cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=T. M. |last2=Cortese |first2=L. |last3=Boselli |first3=A. |last4=Gavazzi |first4=G. |last5=Davies |first5=J. I. |date=2013-02-01 |title=The role of cold gas and environment on the stellar mass-metallicity relation of nearby galaxies |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...550A.115H |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=550 |pages=A115 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201218822 |arxiv=1207.4191 |bibcode=2013A&A...550A.115H |issn=0004-6361}}

SN 2001Z, a Type II supernova was discovered in IC 3528{{Cite web |title=Bright Supernovae - 2001. |url=https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2001/index.html#2001Z |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.rochesterastronomy.org}}{{Cite journal |last1=Hakobyan |first1=A. A. |last2=Adibekyan |first2=V. Zh. |last3=Aramyan |first3=L. S. |last4=Petrosian |first4=A. R. |last5=Gomes |first5=J. M. |last6=Mamon |first6=G. A. |last7=Kunth |first7=D. |last8=Turatto |first8=M. |date=2012-08-01 |title=Supernovae and their host galaxies. I. The SDSS DR8 database and statistics |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A&A...544A..81H |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=544 |pages=A81 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219541 |arxiv=1206.5016 |bibcode=2012A&A...544A..81H |issn=0004-6361}} by astronomers Modjaz and Li, whom they saw it on an unfiltered image taken with KAIT on Mar. 3.5 UT. The supernova was located at R.A. = 12h34m55s.87, Decl. = +15o34'07".5 (equinox 2000.0), which was located 0".5 west and 11".2 north of the nucleus.{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=W. D. |last2=Modjaz |first2=M. |last3=Schwartz |first3=M. |date=2001-03-01 |title=Supernova 2001Z in IC 3528 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001IAUC.7592....2L |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |issue=7592 |pages=2 |bibcode=2001IAUC.7592....2L |issn=0081-0304}} SN 2001Z was also captured by other astronomers named Phillips, Martin and Valladares who obtained its spectrum on Mar. 5.37 UT with the Baade telescope. They found the spectrum has a weak, relatively narrow H-alpha and H-beta emission lines on a strong, blue continuum and consistent with a type-II supernova caught at a very early epoch. The redshift of the emission lines is z = 0.045.{{Cite journal |last1=Phillips |first1=M. |last2=Martin |first2=G. |last3=Valladares |first3=G. |date=2001-03-01 |title=Supernova 2001Z in IC 3528 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001IAUC.7593....4P |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |issue=7593 |pages=4 |bibcode=2001IAUC.7593....4P |issn=0081-0304}}

Initially having an estimated range between 10^5.1- 10^10.3 {M}⊙ with an Eddington ratio varying from -3.3 to 1.3 in logarithmic scale,{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=He-Yang |last2=Liu |first2=Wen-Juan |last3=Dong |first3=Xiao-Bo |last4=Zhou |first4=Hongyan |last5=Wang |first5=Tinggui |last6=Lu |first6=Honglin |last7=Yuan |first7=Weimin |date=2019-08-01 |title=A Comprehensive and Uniform Sample of Broad-line Active Galactic Nuclei from the SDSS DR7 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=243 |issue=2 |pages=21 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ab298b |doi-access=free |arxiv=1906.05597 |bibcode=2019ApJS..243...21L |issn=0067-0049}} IC 3528 has a low-mass black hole (BH) of BH masses M _BH ~ 10⁶-10⁸ M_⊙, powered by accretion matter.{{Cite journal |last1=Viswanath |first1=Gayathri |last2=Stalin |first2=C. S. |last3=Rakshit |first3=Suvendu |last4=Kurian |first4=Kshama S. |last5=Ujjwal |first5=K. |last6=Gudennavar |first6=Shivappa B. |last7=Kartha |first7=Sreeja S. |date=2019-08-01 |title=Are Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies Powered by Low-mass Black Holes? |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=881 |issue=1 |pages=L24 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ab365e |doi-access=free |arxiv=1907.02683 |bibcode=2019ApJ...881L..24V |issn=0004-637X}} Similar to IC 750, the budge-mass and stellar mass is found to be (7.3 ± 2.7) × 10⁸ M⊙ and 1.4 × 10¹⁰ M⊙ respectively, which the mass upper limit of the BH decreses by two orders of magnitude below the MBH-σ* relation and roughly one order of magnitude below the MBH-MBulge and MBH-M* relations. This is found larger than the relations' intrinsic scatters of 0.58 ± 0.09 dex, 0.69 dex, and 0.65 ± 0.09 dex.{{Cite journal |last1=Zaw |first1=Ingyin |last2=Rosenthal |first2=Michael J. |last3=Katkov |first3=Ivan Yu. |last4=Gelfand |first4=Joseph D. |last5=Chen |first5=Yan-Ping |last6=Greenhill |first6=Lincoln J. |last7=Brisken |first7=Walter |last8=Noori |first8=Hind Al |date=2020-07-01 |title=An Accreting, Anomalously Low-mass Black Hole at the Center of Low-mass Galaxy IC 750 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=897 |issue=2 |pages=111 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab9944 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2006.01114 |bibcode=2020ApJ...897..111Z |issn=0004-637X}}

{{Coma Berenices}}

3528

041882

Category:Coma Berenices

Category:Spiral galaxies

Category:Seyfert galaxies

041882

J12345592+1533561

Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1904

Category:Discoveries by Royal Harwood Frost