IOS SDK

While originally developing iPhone prior to its unveiling in 2007, Apple's then-CEO Steve Jobs did not intend to let third-party developers build native apps for the iOS operating system, instead directing them to make web applications for the Safari web browser.{{Cite web|title=Jobs' original vision for the iPhone: no third-party native apps|url=https://9to5Mac.com/2011/10/21/jobs-original-vision-for-the-iphone-no-third-party-native-apps/|website=9to5Mac.com|publisher=9to5Mac|date=October 21, 2011|access-date=June 11, 2017}} However, backlash from developers prompted the company to reconsider, with Jobs announcing on October 17, 2007, that Apple would have a software development kit (SDK) available for developers by February 2008.{{Cite web|last=Duncan|first=Geoff|title=Apple confirms iPhone SDK coming next year|url=https://www.DigitalTrends.com/apple/apple-confirms-iphone-sdk-coming-next-year/|website=www.DigitalTrends.com|publisher=Digital Trends|date=October 17, 2007|access-date=June 11, 2017}}{{Cite web|title=Steve Jobs confirms native iPhone SDK by February|url=http://AppleInsider.com/articles/07/10/17/steve_jobs_confirms_native_iphone_sdk_by_february|website=AppleInsider.com|publisher=AppleInsider|date=October 17, 2007|access-date=June 11, 2017}} The SDK was released on March 6, 2008.{{Cite web|last=Dalrymple|first=Jim|title=Apple unveils iPhone SDK|url=http://www.MacWorld.com/article/1132400/iphonesdk.html|website=www.MacWorld.com|publisher=International Data Group|date=March 6, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2017}}{{Cite web|last=Block|first=Ryan|author-link=Ryan Block|title=Live from Apple's iPhone SDK press conference|url=https://www.Engadget.com/2008/03/06/live-from-apples-iphone-press-conference/|website=www.Engadget.com|publisher=Engadget – AOL|date=March 6, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2017}}

The iOS SDK is a free download for Mac users.{{Cite web|last=Guevin|first=Jennifer|title=FAQ: what does the iPhone SDK mean?|url=https://www.CNET.com/news/faq-what-does-the-iphone-sdk-mean/|website=www.CNET.com|publisher=CBS Interactive|date=March 6, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2017}} It is not available for Microsoft Windows. To test the application, get technical support, and distribute applications through App Store, developers are required to subscribe to the Apple Developer Program.

The SDK contents are separated into the following sets:{{Cite web|last=Kim|first=Arnold|title=Apple releases iPhone SDK, demos spore, instant messaging|url=https://www.MacRumors.com/2008/03/06/apple-releases-iphone-sdk-demos-spore-instant-messaging/|website=www.MacRumors.com|publisher=MacRumors|date=March 6, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2017}}

• UIKit
• Multi-touch events and controls
• Accelerometer support
• View hierarchy
• Localization (i18n)
• Camera support
• Media
• OpenAL
• audio mixing and recording
• Video playback
• Image file formats
• Quartz
• Core Animation
• OpenGL ES
• Core Services
• Networking
• Embedded SQLite database
• Core Location
• Threads
• CoreMotion
• Mac OS X Kernel
• TCP/IP
• Sockets
• Power management
• File system
• Security

The SDK also contains an iPhone simulator, a program used to simulate the look and feel of iPhone on the developer's computer.

New SDK versions accompany new iOS versions.{{Cite web|last=Mayo|first=Benjamin|title=Apple now allowing developers to submit iOS 9, OS X El Capitan and native Watch apps to the App Store|url=https://9to5Mac.com/2015/09/11/apple-developers-os-9-apps/|website=9to5Mac.com|publisher=9to5Mac|date=September 11, 2015|access-date=June 11, 2017}}{{Cite web|last=Sande|first=Steven|title=New iOS SDK features for developers|url=https://www.Engadget.com/2013/06/10/new-ios-sdk-features-for-developers/|website=www.Engadget.com|publisher=Engadget – AOL|date=June 10, 2013|access-date=June 11, 2017}}

The iOS SDK, combined with Xcode, helps developers write iOS applications using officially supported programming languages, including Swift and Objective-C.{{Cite web|last=Sinicki|first=Adam|title=Developing for Android vs developing for iOS – in 5 rounds|url=http://www.AndroidAuthority.com/developing-for-android-vs-ios-697304/|website=www.AndroidAuthority.com|publisher=Android Authority|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=June 19, 2017}}

An .ipa (iOS App Store Package) file is an iOS application archive file which stores an iOS app.

In 2008, Sun Microsystems announced plans to release a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) for iOS, based on the Java Platform, Micro Edition version of Java. This would enable Java applications to run on iPhone and iPod Touch.{{Cite web|last=Krill|first=Paul|title=Sun: we'll put Java on the iPhone|url=http://www.InfoWorld.com/article/2650479/application-development/sun--we-ll-put-java-on-the-iphone.html|website=www.InfoWorld.com|publisher=InfoWorld – International Data Group|date=March 7, 2008|access-date=June 19, 2017}} Soon after the announcement, developers familiar with the SDK's terms of agreement believed that by not allowing third-party applications to run in the background (answer a phone call and still run the application, for example),{{Cite web|last=Krazit|first=Tom|title=The iPhone SDK: the day after|url=https://www.CNET.com/news/the-iphone-sdk-the-day-after/|website=www.CNET.com|publisher=CNET – CBS Interactive|date=March 12, 2008|access-date=June 19, 2017}} and not allowing an application to download code from another source, nor allowing an application to interact with a third-party application, Sun's development efforts could be hindered without Apple's cooperation.{{Cite web|last=Krill|first=Paul|title=Sun's plan for Java on iPhone could hit roadblock|url=http://www.InfoWorld.com/article/2651070/application-development/sun-s-plan-for-java-on-iphone-could-hit-roadblock.html|website=www.InfoWorld.com|publisher=InfoWorld – International Data Group|date=March 14, 2008|access-date=June 19, 2017}} Sun also worked with a third-party company called Innaworks in attempts to get Java on iPhone.{{Cite web|title=Apple, Sun talks gives hope for Java on iPhone|url=http://www.IBTimes.com/apple-sun-talks-gives-hope-java-iphone-218432|website=www.IBTimes.com|publisher=International Business Times – IBT Media|date=April 28, 2008|access-date=June 19, 2017}} Despite the apparent lack of interest from Apple, a firmware leak of the 2007 iPhone release revealed an ARM chip with a processor with Jazelle support for embedded Java execution.{{Cite web|last=Block|first=Ryan|author-link=Ryan Block|title=iPhone processor found: 620MHz ARM CPU|url=https://www.Engadget.com/2007/07/01/iphone-processor-found-620mhz-arm/|website=www.Engadget.com|publisher=Engadget – AOL|date=July 1, 2007|access-date=June 19, 2017}}

Novell announced in September 2009 that they had successfully developed MonoTouch, a software framework that let developers write native iPhone applications in the C# and .NET programming languages, while still maintaining compatibility with Apple's requirements.{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Ryan|title=MonoTouch drops .NET into Apple's walled app garden|url=https://ArsTechnica.com/information-technology/2009/09/monotouch-drops-net-into-apples-walled-app-garden/|website=ArsTechnica.com|publisher=Ars Technica – Condé Nast|date=September 15, 2009|access-date=June 19, 2017}}

iOS does not support Adobe Flash,{{Cite web|last=Slivka|first=Eric|title=Steve Jobs posts 'Thoughts on Flash' open letter|url=https://www.MacRumors.com/2010/04/29/steve-jobs-posts-thoughts-on-flash-open-letter/|website=www.MacRumors.com|publisher=MacRumors|date=April 29, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}} and although Adobe has two versions of its software: Flash and Flash Lite, Apple views neither as suitable for the iPhone, claiming that full Flash is "too slow to be useful", and Flash Lite to be "not capable of being used with the Web".{{Cite web|last=Cooper|first=Charles|title=Adobe bites its tongue after iPhone Flash jab|url=https://www.CNET.com/news/adobe-bites-its-tongue-after-iphone-flash-jab/|website=www.CNET.com|publisher=CNET – CBS Interactive|date=March 5, 2008|access-date=June 20, 2017}}{{Cite web|last=Krazit|first=Tom|title=Adobe realizes SDK not enough for Flash on iPhone|url=https://www.CNET.com/news/adobe-realizes-sdk-not-enough-for-flash-on-iphone/|website=www.CNET.com|publisher=CNET – CBS Interactive|date=March 19, 2008|access-date=June 20, 2017}}

In October 2009, Adobe announced that an upcoming update to its Creative Suite would feature a component to let developers build native iPhone apps using the company's Flash development tools.{{Cite web|last=Dove|first=Jackie|title=Flash-built apps heading for the iPhone|url=http://www.MacWorld.com/article/1143142/ipflash.html|website=www.MacWorld.com|publisher=Macworld – International Data Group|date=October 5, 2009|access-date=June 20, 2017}} The software was officially released as part of the company's Creative Suite 5 collection of professional applications.{{Cite web|last=Dove|first=Jackie|title=Adobe unleashes Creative Suite 5|url=http://www.MacWorld.com/article/1150522/cs5launch.html|website=www.MacWorld.com|publisher=Macworld – International Data Group|date=April 11, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}}

In April 2010, Apple made controversial changes to its iPhone Developer Agreement, requiring developers to use only "approved" programming languages in order to publish apps on App Store, and banning applications that used third-party development tools; the ban affected Adobe's Packager tool, which converted Flash apps into iOS apps.{{Cite web|last=Chen|first=Brian X.|title=Adobe Apps: easier to pass through the 'i' of a needle?|url=https://www.wired.com/2010/04/iphone-developer-policy|website=Wired|date=April 8, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}}{{Cite web|last=Kincaid|first=Jason|title=Apple gives Adobe the finger with its new iPhone SDK agreement|url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/08/adobe-flash-apple-sdk/|website=TechCrunch|date=April 8, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}} After developer backlash and news of a potential anti-trust investigation,{{Cite web|last=Cheng|first=Jacqui|title=Apple iPhone OS compiler policy may lead to antitrust probe|url=https://ArsTechnica.com/apple/2010/05/apples-compiler-policy-may-land-it-in-hot-water-with-ftc/|website=ArsTechnica.com|publisher=Ars Technica – Condé Nast|date=May 3, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}} Apple again revised its agreement in September, allowing the use of third-party development tools.{{Cite web|last=Arthur|first=Charles|title=Apple opens App Store to programs written in Adobe Flash – and more|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/technology/blog/2010/sep/09/apple-app-store-flash-open|website=www.TheGuardian.com|publisher=The Guardian – Guardian Media Group|date=September 9, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}}{{Cite web|last=Sorrell|first=Charlie|title=Apple eases app development rules, Adobe surges|url=https://www.Wired.com/2010/09/apple-lifts-app-store-flash-ban-publishes-app-review-rules|website=www.Wired.com|publisher=Wired – Condé Nast|date=September 9, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2017}}

Originally called "Project Marzipan",{{Cite web|url=https://www.CNET.com/news/wwdc-2019-apples-marzipan-is-actually-called-catalyst-and-means-more-ipad-apps-on-your-mac/|title=WWDC 2019: Apple's Marzipan is actually Project Catalyst|website=www.CNET.com|publisher=CNET|access-date=June 3, 2019}} Mac Catalyst helps developers bring iPadOS app experiences to macOS, and make it easier to take apps developed for iPadOS devices to Macs by avoiding the need to write the underlying software code twice.

{{Portal|Software}}

• Android software development
• Qt (software)

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SDK

Category:Programming tools

Category:Software development kits