IRS-1D
{{Short description|Indian Earth observation satellite}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = IRS-1D
| names_list = Indian Remote Sensing satellite-1D
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 300px
| mission_type = Earth observation
| operator = ISRO
| COSPAR_ID = 1997-057A
| SATCAT = 24971
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 3 years (planned)
12 years (achieved)
| spacecraft = IRS-1D
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = IRS-1A
| manufacturer = Indian Space Research Organisation
| launch_mass = {{cvt|1250|kg}}
| dry_mass = {{cvt|1150|kg}}
| dimensions = 1.65 m x 1.55 m x 2.30 m
| power = 809 watts
| launch_date = 29 September 1997, 04:47 UTC
| launch_rocket = Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C1
| launch_site = Satish Dhawan Space Centre, First Launch Pad (FLP)
| launch_contractor = Indian Space Research Organisation
| entered_service = December 1997
| disposal_type =
| deactivated = 15 January 2010
| last_contact =
| orbit_reference = Geocentric orbit{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irs-1d|title=IRS-1D|publisher=ISRO|date=29 September 1997|access-date=13 May 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202709/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irs-1d|url-status=dead}}
| orbit_regime = Sun-synchronous orbit
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|740|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|817|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.6°
| orbit_period = 95.9 minutes
| apsis = gee
| instruments = Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-3 (LISS-3)
Panchromatic Camera (PAN)
Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS)
| programme = Earth observation satellites series
| previous_mission = IRS-P3
| next_mission = OceanSat-1 (IRS-P4)
}}
IRS-1D is the seventh satellite in Indian Remote Sensing satellite series of Earth Observation satellites, built, launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The satellite has similar capabilities as that of ISRO's IRS-1C satellite with some improvements added for better imagery particularly in thematic mapping.{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/irs-1d.aspx|title=IRS-1D|publisher=ISRO|access-date=2013-02-26|archive-date=25 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125195108/http://isro.org/satellites/irs-1d.aspx|url-status=dead}}
Launch
The 1250 kg IRS-1D is an Indian remote sensing Sun-synchronous orbiter that was launched by the PSLV-C1 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) launch vehicle from Sriharikota (in southeast India) at 04:47 UTC. The 44.4 metres, four-stage, 494-ton PSLV-1C is now an operational vehicle, after earlier test launches, it is the fourth launch vehicle PSLV. Orbit maneuvers may be planned to raise the perigee.
Due to a slight under performance of PSLV fourth stage, IRS-1D was injected with a velocity that was 130 m/sec less than the required 7446 m/sec. This minor shortfall in the injection velocity resulted in IRS-1D being injected into a polar orbit with an apogee of 822 km and a perigee of 301 km instead of the intended 817 km circular orbit. But, ISRO scientists, monitoring and controlling the satellite from ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) executed meticulously planned orbit manoeuvres to successfully put IRS-1D into a functional Sun-synchronous orbit of 740 km perigee and 817 km apogee.{{cite web|url=https://www.spacedaily.com/news/india-00j.html|title=IRS-1D Completes Three Years in Orbit|publisher=Space Daily|date=29 October 2000|access-date=13 May 2021}}
Instruments
The satellite carried following instruments on board:
- Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-3 (LISS-3) of {{cvt|23.5|m}} resolution in (VIS / NIR, {{cvt|70.5|m}} resolution in short-wave infrared (SWIR), for high-resolution land and vegetation observation
- Panchromatic Camera (PAN) of {{cvt|5.8|m}} resolution, for very-high-resolution land imagery
- Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS) of {{cvt|190|m}} resolution, for land and vegetation observation{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1995-072A |title=Display: IRS-1C 1995-072|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}
An on board tape recorder stores data over unreachable intervals. Sensed data on Indian and foreign terrains will be sold through an American company (after the usual clearance by Indian military).{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-057A|title=Display: IRS-1D 1997-057A|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}
Mission
IRS-1D completed its services on 15 January 2010 after serving for 12 years.{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/irs_1d|title=Satellite: IRS-1D|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=28 July 2015|access-date=13 May 2021}}
See also
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1997}}
Category:Earth observation satellites of India
Category:Satellite launch anomalies