Idi language

{{Short description|Pahoturi language of Papua New Guinea}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Idi

|region=New Guinea

|speakers={{sigfig|1610|2}}

|date=2000 census

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Papuan

|fam1=Trans-Fly

|fam2=Pahoturi

|iso3=idi

|glotto=idii1243

|glottorefname=Idi-Taeme

|glottofoot=no

|dia1=Idi

|dia2=Tame

|map=Map of Pahoturi River languages.jpg

|mapcaption=Map: The Pahoturi languages of Papua New Guinea

}}

Idi is a Pahoturi language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The so-called Pahoturi dialects form a dialect chain with Idi proper at one end and Agob proper at the other.

Name

The language has been also known as Diblaeg, Dibolug, Dimisi, Dimsisi.{{Glottolog|idii1243}}

Taeme is a dialect distinct from Idi.

Social context

Idi is in contact with other Papuan languages of different families, including Nen, Nambo, and the closely related Agob.

Phonology

Idi phonemic inventory:{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Evans (linguist) |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The languages of Southern New Guinea |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=641-774 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}{{Cite book |last=Schokkin |first=Dineke |title=Phonetic Fieldwork in Southern New Guinea |last2=Gast |first2=Volker |last3=Evans |first3=Nicholas |last4=Döhler |first4=Christian |date=2021 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |isbn=978-0-9979673-2-6 |editor-last=Lindsey |editor-first=Kate L. |series=Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 24 |location=Honolulu |pages=76–107 |language=en |chapter=Phonetics and Phonology of Idi |hdl=10125/24995 |editor-last2=Schokkin |editor-first2=Dineke |hdl-access=free}}

class="wikitable"

|+Consonants

!

!

!Bilabial

!Alveolar

!Post-
alveolar

!Retroflex

!Palatal

!Velar

!Labio-
velar

align="center"

! rowspan="3" |Stop/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|

|{{IPA link|ʈ}}

|

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|kʷ}}

align="center"

!voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|dʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɖ}}

|

|{{IPA link|g}}

|{{IPA link|gʷ}}

align="center"

!prenasalized

|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿdʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ᶯɖ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

|{{IPA link|ᵑɡʷ}}

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

|

|

|

align="center"

!voiced

|

|{{IPA link|z}}

|

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Approximant

!liquid

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ʎ}}

|

|

align="center"

!semivowel

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|{{IPA link|w}}

|

colspan="2" |Trill

|

|{{Center|{{IPA link|r}}}}

|

|

|

|

|

/z/ may also freely be realized as afficates [dʒ, dz].

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPAlink|i}}

|

|{{IPAlink|u}}

Near-close

|

|{{IPAlink|ɪ̈|ɪ}}

|

Mid

|{{IPAlink|e}}

|{{IPAlink|ə}}

|{{IPAlink|o}}

Near-open

|{{IPAlink|æ}}

|

|

Open

|

|{{IPAlink|a}}

|

/ə/ may also be heard as [ɐ].

Grammar

Idi has elaborate verbal morphology, including complex marking of verbal number.{{cite journal |last1=Schokkin |first1=Dineke |title=Verbal number in Idi |journal=Studies in Language |date=2023 |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=291-317 |doi=10.1075/sl.21052.sch}} Other noteworthy features, which it shares with other Pahoturi River languages, are the high frequency of analytic constructions (consisting of an uninflecting form plus an inflected auxiliary) in addition to directly inflected verbs, and an elaborate inventory of copulas.{{cite journal |last1=Lindsey |first1=Kate Lynn |last2=Schokkin |first2=Dineke |last3=Wu |first3=Nairan |title=The Pahoturi River language family, with special reference to its verbal puzzles |journal=Linguistic Typology |date=2022 |doi=10.1515/lingty-2022-2096}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}