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Ifugao language

{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Ifugao

|region=Ifugao, Luzon

|states=Philippines

|speakers=130,000

|date=1987–2007

|ref = e18

|familycolor=Austronesian

|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3=Philippine

|fam4=Northern Luzon

|fam5=Meso-Cordilleran

|fam6=Central Cordilleran

|fam7=Nuclear Cordilleran

|lc1=ifb |ld1=Batad Ifugao

|lc2=ifa |ld2=Amganad Ifugao

|lc3=ifu |ld3=Mayoyao Ifugao

|lc4=ifk |ld4=Tuwali language

|glotto=ifug1247

|glottorefname=Ifugaw

|map=Ifugao_dialect_cluster_map.png

|mapcaption=Area where the Ifugao dialect continuum is spoken according to Ethnologue

}}

Ifugao or Batad is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the northern valleys of Ifugao, Philippines. It is a member of the Northern Luzon subfamily and is closely related to the Bontoc and Kankanaey languages.(Lebar, 1975: 78) It is a dialect continuum, and its four main varieties—such as Tuwali—are sometimes considered separate languages.(Newell and Poligon, 1993)

Loanwords from other languages, such as Ilokano, are replacing some older terminology.{{Cite news| last = Kinnud| first = Richard| title = Language Change in the Cordillera| work = Sun.Star| location = Baguio| access-date = 2013-08-30| date = 2013-08-21| url = http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/opinion/2013/08/21/kinnud-language-change-cordillera-299031?ModPagespeed=noscript| archive-date = 2020-01-23| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200123051802/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/300823/Lifestyle/Kinnud-Language-Change-in-the-Cordillera| url-status = dead}}

Dialects

Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the four Ifugao languages.

  • Amganad Ifugao: spoken in Hungduan and Banaue municipalities of Ifugao Province, and into southwestern Mountain Province. 27,100 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Burnay Ifugao and Banaue Ifugao.
  • Batad Ifugao (Ayangan Ifugao): spoken in central Ifugao Province. There are also some speakers in Isabela Province, on the eastern shore of the Magat reservoir. 10,100 speakers as of 2002. Dialects include Ducligan Ifugao.
  • Mayoyao Ifugao (Mayaoyaw): spoken in Ifugao Province, (northern Mayoyao, Aguinaldo, and Alfonso Lista municipalities) and Mountain Province (2 small border areas). 30,000 speakers as of 2007.
  • Tuwali Ifugao (Gilipanes, Ifugaw, Kiangan Ifugao, Quiangan, Tuwali): spoken in southern Ifugao Province. 30,000 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Hapao Ifugao, Hungduan Ifugao, and Lagawe Ifugao.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="2" |Plosive

!voiceless

|p

|t

|

|k

|ʔ

voiced

|b

|d

|

|ɡ

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

|m

|n

|

|ŋ

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|

|

|

|

|h

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

|l

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|w

|

|j

|

|

  • Other sounds such as /s/ and /r/ occur in loanwords.

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

align="center"

!Close

|i

|

|ʊ ~ u

Mid

|ɛ

|ə

|ɔ

align="center"

!Open

|

|a

|

  • /ʊ/ can also be heard as close-back [u].
  • /ə/ does not exist in the Tuwali dialect.{{Cite book|last=Taleon|first=Kristine|title=A Phonological Sketch of Tuwali Ifugao|publisher=University of the Philippines Diliman|year=2020}}
  • /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ].{{Cite book|last=Newell|first=Leonard E.|title=Batad Ifugao dictionary, with ethnographic notes|last2=Poligon|first2=Francis|publisher=Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines|year=1993|pages=3–10}}

Orthography

The unified Ifugao alphabet is as follows: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, T, U, W, Y. The letters are pronounced differently depending on the dialect of the speaker.[http://www.sil.org/asia/philippines/lit/ifb_Hay_Mahhun_an_Bahaon.pdf Hay Mahun an Bahaon], A Pre-Primer in Ayangan Ifugao. Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1984.

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • {{Cite news

| last = Kinnud

| first = Richard

| title = Language Change in the Cordillera

| work = Sun.Star

| location = Baguio

| date = 2013-08-21

| url = http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/opinion/2013/08/21/kinnud-language-change-cordillera-299031?ModPagespeed=noscript

| access-date = 2013-08-30

| archive-date = 2020-01-23

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200123051802/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/300823/Lifestyle/Kinnud-Language-Change-in-the-Cordillera

| url-status = dead

}}

{{Languages of the Philippines}}

{{Philippine languages}}

Category:South–Central Cordilleran languages

Category:Languages of Ifugao