Ilyas ibn Mudar
{{Short description|Arab tribal chief and an ancestor of the Islamic prophet Muhammad}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ilyas ibn Mudar
{{lang|ar|إلياس بن مضر}}
| image = File:Banu Adnan.png
| alt =
| caption = Family tree showing descent of Muhammad and the Arabian tribes (including Quraysh) from Adnan
| birth_name = Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Arab
| other_names =
| occupation =
| known_for = *Being the first to sacrifice an animal at the Kaaba
- Being the first Arab to have died of tuberculosis
- Being one of the ancestors of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
| spouse = Khindif
| children = Mudrikah, Tabikha and Qam'ah
| mother = Rabab
| father = Mudar ibn Nizar
| relatives = Qays (brother)
}}
Ilyas ibn Mudar ({{langx|ar|إلياس بن مضر}}) also spelled al-Yas was a pre-Islamic Arabian tribal chief and an ancestor of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is the progenitor of the Khindifite tribes, such as the Quraysh. A pioneer of pre-Islamic monotheism, Ilyas ibn Mudar lead a period of religious reform during his rule over the Hijaz to eradicate the worship of idols.
Biographical information
= Birth =
His full birth name which shows his lineage is Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan; which indicates he is a fifth-generation descendant of the Arabian patriarch Adnan through Mudar.{{Cite book |last=Mubarakpuri |first=Saifur Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2008 |isbn=978-9960899558}} The name of Ilyas has also been rendered as al-Yas.{{Cite web |last=al-Munajjid |first=Shaykh Salih |title=The Lineage of Prophet Muhammad: Question 289868 |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/289868/the-lineage-of-prophet-muhammad |website=Islam Question & Answer}} He was a descendant of biblical patriarch Abraham through Ishmael.{{cite book |last1=Ibn Ishaq |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume/The_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume#page/n23/mode/2up |title=The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's sīrat |last2=Guillaume |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1955 |isbn=0195778286 |location=London |page=3 |quote=The Paternal Ancestral Lineage of Prophet Muhammad}}
= Family =
Ilyas was born to Mudar ibn Nizar and had a brother named Qays Aylan, the progenitor of the Qays tribal confederation. His mother was an Arab woman named Rabab.
The wife of Ilyas was named Khindif. Ilyas' sons were Amir, Amr and Umayr, whose names were later changed to Mudrikah, Tabikha and Qam'ah respectively.{{cite book |last1=Ibn Ishaq |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume/The_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume#page/n55/mode/2up |title=The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's sīrat |last2=Guillaume |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1955 |isbn=0195778286 |location=London |page=35 |quote=How 'Amir became Mudrikah}}{{Cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |title=The life of the prophet Muh̜ammad: a translation of Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya |publisher=Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization |year=1998 |isbn=9781873938294 |editor-last=Le Gassick |editor-first=Trevor |location=Virginia }} Through Mudrikah, Ilyas is the ancestor of the Banu Hudhayl.{{Cite book |last=Ibn Abd Rabbih |title=Kitāb al-ʿIqd al-Farīd |publisher=Maktaba At-Ta'lif At-Taryama Wa'l Nasar |year=1937 |location=Morocco |trans-title=The Unique Necklace}}
Life
= Rule over the Hijaz =
Ilyas ibn Mudar succeeded his father as the ruler of the Hijaz. During his rule, he maintained the Kaaba in Mecca and was the first to start the custom of slaughtering an animal on the premises of the Kaaba.{{Cite book |last=al-Askari |first=Abu Hilal |url=https://shamela.ws/book/10529/55 |title=al-Awāʿil |publisher=Dar Al Bashir |edition=1st |location=Tanta, Egypt |publication-date=1987 |pages=55 |language=Arabic}} Ilyas also rediscovered the Maqam Ibrahim, repaired it, and then placed it in a corner of the Kaaba.{{Cite book |last=al-Halabi |title=Seerat-e-Halabiyya |publisher=Idara-e-Qasmiya |location=Deoband, India |publication-date=1977 |language=Urdu}} In his old age, Ilyas died of tuberculosis and was the first Arab recorded to have died from it.Shihāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī (1923–1927). Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab. Cairo: al-Muʿassasa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma lil-Taʾlīf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Ṭibāʿa wa-l-Nashr.
Religious reforms
Ilyas ibn Mudar followed a monotheistic form of religion that was incompatible with the pre-Islamic Arabian polytheism. As such, he openly denounced idol worship to the mixed reactions of his people, who would eventually accept his opinion and follow him in rejecting polytheism. Ilyas' reforms resulted in a period of the rise of monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia until the arrival of 'Amr ibn Luhay. Ilyas' grandson, Khuzayma ibn Mudrika would be the first to set up the idol of Hubal which the Arabs worshipped for generations until the rise of Islam in the 7th century CE.{{Cite journal |last=N.A. Faris |date=1952 |title=The Book Of Idols: Being A Translation From The Arabic Of The Kitāb al-Asnām By Hishām Ibn Al-Kalbi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ |journal=Princeton Oriental Studies |location=New Jersey |publisher=Princeton University Press |volume=14 |pages=23}}
Ilyas in the Islamic tradition
The 11th-century lexicographer, Abu Hilal al-Askari stated in al-Awāʿil that Ilyas was mentioned in the Qur'an, specifically in a verse in the chapter as-Saffat which says "Peace be upon Ilyas." Meanwhile, a Hadith forbidding cursing Ilyas due to his monotheism has been narrated as well.
Twelver Shi'ites believe that the ancestors of Muhammad were spared from accepting polytheism, which includes Ilyas and his father Mudar.{{Cite book |last=al-Majlisi |url=http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/1466_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%AC-%D9%A3%D9%A5/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_83 |title=Biḥār al-ʾanwār al-jāmiʿat li-durar ʾakhbār al-ʾAʾimmat al-ʾAṫhār |publisher=Dar Ihya Turath Al Arabi |volume=35 |location=Beirut |publication-date=2000 |asin=B00XDBJ2VG}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Adam to Muhammad}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mudar, Ilyas ibn}}
Category:Ancestors of Muhammad
Category:Year of birth missing