Indonesian National Student Movement

{{Infobox organization

| name = Indonesian National Student Movement

| formation = {{start date and age|1954|3|23}}

| native name = Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia

| native_name_lang = id

| image = Lambang GMNI.png

| caption =

| map =

| abbreviation = GMNI

| merger = * Marhaen Student Movement (GMM)

Independent Student Movement (GMM)
Indonesian Democratic Student Movement (GMDI)

| founding_location = Jakarta

| type = Extra-campus student organisation

| status =

| purpose =

| headquarters = Jakarta, Indonesia

| membership =

| language = Indonesian

| leader_title = Chairman of the DPP (2019–2022)

| leader_name = Imanuel Cahyadihttps://www.jpnn.com/news/ketum-gmni-minta-mk-kabulkan-batas-usia-capres-cawapres

| leader_title2 = Secretary General

| leader_name2 = Sujahri Somar

| main_organ =

| parent_organization =

| affiliations =

| budget =

| website = {{URL|dppgmni.org}}

| remarks =

}}

The Indonesian National Student Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia; abbreviated as GMNI or, according to the writing style on the emblem, GmnI) is one of the extracampus student organisations found in almost all parts of Indonesia, especially cities or regencies with universities. GMNI was established on 23 March 1954 in Surabaya (the idea was born in Jakarta). GMNI is an organisation resulting from the merger or fusion of three previously established student organisations; the Marhaen Student Movement (based in Yogyakarta), the Free Student Movement (based in Surabaya), and the Indonesian Democratic Student Movement (based in Jakarta).{{Cite web |title=Sejarah GMNI {{!}} GMNI Hukum Trisakti |url=https://gmni-hukumtrisakti.org/sejarah-gmni/ |access-date=2019-08-27 |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}{{Cite web |title=Sejarah {{!}} Website DPC GMNI Surabaya |url=https://gmnisurabaya.or.id/sejarah |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002082042/https://gmnisurabaya.or.id/sejarah |archive-date=2019-10-02 |access-date=2019-10-02 |website=gmnisurabaya.or.id }}{{Cite book |last1=Radjab |first1=Syamsuddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNmuDwAAQBAJ&dq=S.M+Hadiprabowo+GMNI&pg=PA108 |title=GMNI dan HMI dalam Politik Kekuasaan |last2=Hariyadi |first2=Ade Reza |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Penerbit Nagamedia |isbn=9786021379066 |language=id |access-date=2019-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801042855/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NNmuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=S.M+Hadiprabowo+GMNI&source=bl&ots=6huRzb5GmT&sig=ACfU3U0AUvt0D22cV7VdUStx5DeQ1eBq0A&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwishdXtkf3kAhXaWisKHTHADOsQ6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=S.M%20Hadiprabowo%20GMNI&f=false |archive-date=2023-08-01}}{{Cite web |title=Tentang GMNI Yogyakarta |url=http://www.gmniyogyakarta.com/kontak/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007103348/http://www.gmniyogyakarta.com/kontak/ |archive-date=2019-10-07 |access-date=2019-10-07 |website=GmnI Yogyakarta |language=en-US |url-status=usurped}}

Currently, the structure of the GMNI Central Leadership Council (DPP) for the 2019‒2022 period is chaired by Arjuna Putra Aldino with the secretary general M. Ageng Dendy Setiawan.{{Cite web |title=STRUKTUR PENGURUS |url=https://dppgmni.org/struktur-pengurus-dpp-gmni/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530091841/https://dppgmni.org/struktur-pengurus-dpp-gmni/ |archive-date=2023-05-30 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Dewan Pimpinan Pusat |language=id}}

History

The idea for a merger first emerged from the chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Student Movement, S.M. Hadiprabowo in September 1953. Based on the desire to unite nationalist student organisations, S.M Hadiprabowo then arranged a meeting with the leaders of the other two organisations. Hadiprabowo met Slamet Djajawidjaja, Slamet Rahardjo and Haruman from the Gerakan Mahasiswa Merdeka. He then met Wahyu Widodo, Subagio Masrukin, and Sri Sumantri from the Marhaenis Student Movement.{{Cite web |title=Sejarah Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia (GMNI) Dari Masa ke Masa |url=http://www.marhaenislokajaya.com/2018/03/sejarah-gerakan-mahasiswa-nasional-indonesia-gmni.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530003710/https://www.marhaenislokajaya.com/2018/03/sejarah-gerakan-mahasiswa-nasional-indonesia-gmni.html |archive-date=2023-05-30 |access-date=2019-10-02 |website=Marhaenis Lokajaya|date=18 March 2018 }}

The leaders of the three organisations finally agreed to hold a meeting. The meeting was held at the official residence of the Mayor of Jakarta (equivalent to the current Governor of Jakarta), Soediro. During the meeting, the three organisations reached an agreement to fuse, both organisationally and ideologically. During the meeting, the name Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia (GMNI) was chosen as the name of the fused organisation, and nationalism and marhaenism were agreed to be the ideologies of GMNI. In addition to these two things, the meeting also decided that the first GMNI Congress would be held in Surabaya.

On 23 March 1954, the first GMNI Congress was held with the direct blessing of President Sukarno. The first congress appointed S.M Hadiprabowo as the first chairman of GMNI. The date was also patented as the GMNI's birthday and commemorated as dies natalis or GMNI's birthday.

Due to ideological similarities and the influence of Sukarno and nationalist political figures, the GMNI gradually became an underbow and affiliated student wing of the Indonesian National Party (PNI), the party formed and led by Soekarno. However, the relationship between the PNI and GMNI was officially broken after the New Order regime implemented a party fusion policy in 1973, in which the PNI was merged with other nationalist parties into the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI).{{citation needed|date= November 2023}}

Symbol

= Form =

File:GmnI_Berkibar.png

The GMNI emblem is a shield with six corners, three at the top and three at the bottom. The top three corners represent the three precepts (trisila) of marhaenism – the ideology created by Soekarno and officially adopted by the organisation – namely Socio-nationalism, Socio-democracy, and the belief of God in multiculturalism.{{refn|Imprecise translation, often misconstrued as endorsement of monotheism or God of multiculturalism. It is an explicit acknowledgement of Dzat Yang Maha Kuasa ('almighty substances', or more exactly, divine providence) and meant as the principle of living together in a society with a diversity of religions and beliefs. It is not meant to be a theological principle on how belief/religions should be practiced.{{sfn|Arief Hidayat|2017|p=}}|group=note}}{{Sfnp|Presidium GMNI|2013|p=16}} While the 3 corners underneath symbolise the tridharma of higher education, namely: education, research, and service.{{Cite web |title=GMNI |url=https://id.scribd.com/presentation/342890552/GMNI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121655/https://id.scribd.com/presentation/342890552/GMNI |archive-date=2022-10-27 |access-date=2019-11-12 |website=Scribd |language=id}}

= Elements =

The red and white colours represent the Red and White Flag, red means courage and white means sacred, while black means firmness. The star symbolises the nobleness of ideals. The bull is a symbol of the marhaen people, which means GMNI exists to defend the marhaen people.

Notable figures

As one of the oldest student organisations in Indonesia, GMNI has also contributed to producing well-known cadres.{{Cite news |last=Administrator |title=Tujuh Tokoh Ramaikan Bursa Ketua Alumni GMNI |language=id |work=Tempo.co |url=https://koran.tempo.co/read/65577/tujuh-tokoh-ramaikan-bursa-ketua-alumni-gmni |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801042806/https://koran.tempo.co/read/nasional/65577/tujuh-tokoh-ramaikan-bursa-ketua-alumni-gmni |archive-date=2023-08-01}} The following are some names of GMNI alumni who became national figures:

Megawati Soekarnoputri (5th President of the Republic of Indonesia and chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle){{Cite news |title=Kongres XIX GMNI, Jokowi Buka Acara, Megawati Pidato Politik |language=id |work=Kompas.com |editor-last=Wadrianto |editor-first=Glori K. |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2015/09/02/09143761/Kongres.XIX.GMNI.Jokowi.Buka.Acara.Megawati.Pidato.Politik |access-date=2020-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121821/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2015/09/02/09143761/Kongres.XIX.GMNI.Jokowi.Buka.Acara.Megawati.Pidato.Politik |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Suko Sudarso (Indonesian National Party figure){{Cite web |date=2019-03-16 |title=2019 Harus Ada Perubahan, Suko Sudarso: Tampaknya Prabowo Lebih Paham Masalah Bangsa |url=https://redaksi.duta.co/2019-harus-ada-perubahan-suko-sudarso-tampaknya-prabowo-lebih-paham-masalah-bangsa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801042809/https://duta.co/2019-harus-ada-perubahan-suko-sudarso-tampaknya-prabowo-lebih-paham-masalah-bangsa |archive-date=2023-08-01 |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=Duta.co Berita Harian Terkini |language=id-ID}}
Bondan Gunawan (former Secretary of state){{Cite news |last=Fazli |first=Achmad Zulfikar |date=2019-05-23 |title=Mantan Mensesneg Bondan Gunawan Meninggal |language=id |work=Medcom.id |url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/0k8DoBok-mantan-mensesneg-bondan-gunawan-meninggal |access-date=2020-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123406/https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/0k8DoBok-mantan-mensesneg-bondan-gunawan-meninggal |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Siswono Yudo Husodo (politician of the Golongan Karya Party){{Cite news |title=Siswono Yudo husodo – Tempo.co |language=id |work=Tempo.co |url=https://www.tempo.co/tag/siswono-yudo-husodo |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227161141/https://www.tempo.co/tag/siswono-yudo-husodo |archive-date=2022-12-27}}
Soerjadi (one of the founders of the Indonesian Youth National Committee and Activist of 66){{Cite news |last=moses |first=Mustafa |date=2016-06-04 |title=Mantan Ketua Umum PDI Soerjadi Meninggal |language=id |work=Tempo.co |editor-last=moses |editor-first=Mustafa |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/776825/mantan-ketua-umum-pdi-soerjadi-meninggal |access-date=2019-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121844/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/776825/mantan-ketua-umum-pdi-soerjadi-meninggal |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Taufiq Kiemas (former Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia){{Cite news |date=2009-02-20 |title=Sang Ayah Menangis Taufiq Masuk GMNI |language=id |work=VIVA.co.id |url=https://www.viva.co.id/berita/politik/31851-sang-ayah-menangis-taufiq-masuk-gmni |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121648/https://www.viva.co.id/berita/politik/31851-sang-ayah-menangis-taufiq-masuk-gmni |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Eros Djarot (culturist, journalist, and founder of Tabloid Detik){{Cite news |title=Wapres Akui "Terbakar" Alumni GMNI |language=id |work=Kompas.com |editor-last=Wahono |editor-first=Tri |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/11/26/11390959/wapres.akui.terbakar.alumni.gmni |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121750/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/11/26/11390959/wapres.akui.terbakar.alumni.gmni |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Theo L. Sambuaga (Businessperson and politician of the Golongan Karya Party){{Cite web |date=2019-10-27 |title=Dari Aktivis hingga Jadi Komisaris Lippo Cikarang, Ini Fakta-fakta Theo L. Sambuaga |url=https://www.moneysmart.id/theo-l-sambuaga-komisaris-lippo-cikarang/ |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=MoneySmart Indonesia |language=id-ID}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
Ahmad Basarah (Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle politician){{Cite news |title=Profil Ahmad Basarah: Aktivis, "Profesor Pancasila" hingga Wakil Ketua MPR |language=id |work=Kompas.com |editor-last=Gatra |editor-first=Sandro |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/03/19/12485461/profil-ahmad-basarah-aktivis-profesor-pancasila-hingga-wakil-ketua-mpr |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121757/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/03/19/12485461/profil-ahmad-basarah-aktivis-profesor-pancasila-hingga-wakil-ketua-mpr |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Antasari Azhar (former chairman of the Corruption Eradication Commission of the Republic of Indonesia){{Cite news |last=Sinaga |first=Eri Komar |title=Djarot dan Antasari Azhar Cepat Nempel karena Sama-sama Alumni GMNI |language=id |work=Tribunnews.com |editor-last=Arifin |editor-first=Choirul |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/metropolitan/2017/01/30/djarot-dan-antasari-azhar-cepat-nempel-karena-sama-sama-alumni-gmni |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121713/https://www.tribunnews.com/metropolitan/2017/01/30/djarot-dan-antasari-azhar-cepat-nempel-karena-sama-sama-alumni-gmni |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Arief Hidayat (former chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia){{Cite news |last=Fahlevi |first=Fahdi |title=PA GMNI Nilai Arief Hidayat Sudah Sukses Jadi Ketua MK |language=id |work=Tribunnews.com |editor-last=Aco |editor-first=Hasanudin |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/02/13/pa-gmni-nilai-arief-hidayat-sudah-sukses-jadi-ketua-mk |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121714/https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/02/13/pa-gmni-nilai-arief-hidayat-sudah-sukses-jadi-ketua-mk |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Soekarwo (former governor of East Java and Democratic Party politician){{Cite news |last=Agustina |first=Widiarsi |date=2015-08-07 |title=Ketika Soekarwo Beri Minum Jokowi di Acara GMNI |language=id |work=Tempo.co |editor-last=Agustina |editor-first=Widiarsi |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/690057/ketika-soekarwo-beri-minum-jokowi-di-acara-gmni |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121851/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/690057/ketika-soekarwo-beri-minum-jokowi-di-acara-gmni |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Ganjar Pranowo (Governor of Central Java and Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle politician){{Cite web |date=2023-04-21 |title=Perjalanan Ganjar Menjadi Politisi: Gabung GMNI, Gubernur 2 Periode, hingga Ditunjuk Jadi Capres |url=https://www.suara.com/news/2023/04/21/175552/perjalanan-ganjar-menjadi-politisi-gabung-gmni-gubernur-2-periode-hingga-ditunjuk-jadi-capres |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708233611/https://www.suara.com/news/2023/04/21/175552/perjalanan-ganjar-menjadi-politisi-gabung-gmni-gubernur-2-periode-hingga-ditunjuk-jadi-capres |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=suara.com |language=id}}
Djarot Saiful Hidayat (former Governor of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta and Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle politician){{Cite news |last=Irwanto |first=Deny |title=Didukung Antasari Azhar, Djarot: Dia Senior Saya di GMNI |language=id |work=Medcom.id |url=https://www.medcom.id/pilkada/news-pilkada/ybJyR3nN-didukung-antasari-azhar-djarot-dia-senior-saya-di-gmni |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123307/https://www.medcom.id/pilkada/news-pilkada/ybJyR3nN-didukung-antasari-azhar-djarot-dia-senior-saya-di-gmni |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Eva Kusuma Sundari (Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle politician){{Cite news |date=2006-04-16 |title=GMNI Bentuk Kepengurusan Baru |language=id |work=Tempo.co |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/76240/gmni-bentuk-kepengurusan-baru |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121828/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/76240/gmni-bentuk-kepengurusan-baru |archive-date=2022-10-27}}
Dhia P. Yoedha (former Kompas journalist and co-founder of the Alliance of Independent Journalists){{Cite web |last=Ini |first=Redaksi Jurnal Hari |date=2021-02-09 |title=Bahas Situasi Pers Tanah Air, Besok Malam DPP GMNI Gelar Diskusi Bertajuk Arah Pers Indonesia |url=https://jurnaltoday.id/bahas-situasi-pers-tanah-air-besok-malam-dpp-gmni-gelar-diskusi-bertajuk-arah-pers-indonesia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530092311/https://jurnaltoday.id/bahas-situasi-pers-tanah-air-besok-malam-dpp-gmni-gelar-diskusi-bertajuk-arah-pers-indonesia/ |archive-date=2023-05-30 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Jurnaltoday.id |language=id-ID}}{{Cite web |title=PA GMNI Dibayangi Perpecahan Djarot-Jan Prince Mundur |url=https://rmol.id/read/2010/11/29/10735/ |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=Rmol.id |language=id}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
Peter Kasenda (academic and expert staff of the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency){{Cite news |last=Rahadian |first=Lalu |title=Peter Kasenda Sejarawan Sukarnois Gajinya Belum Dibayar BPIP |language=id |work=Tirto.id |url=https://tirto.id/peter-kasenda-sejarawan-sukarnois-gajinya-belum-dibayar-bpip-cYjt |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331153214/https://tirto.id/peter-kasenda-sejarawan-sukarnois-gajinya-belum-dibayar-bpip-cYjt |archive-date=2023-03-31}}
Amarullah Nasution (Businessman/North Sumatra education figure){{Cite web |last=Siregar |first=Maruli |date=2022-04-12 |title=Amarullah Nasution Tokoh Pendidikan Nasional – Laman 2 dari 3 |url=https://www.mediadelegasi.id/amarullah-nasution-tokoh-pendidikan-nasional/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430223402/https://www.mediadelegasi.id/amarullah-nasution-tokoh-pendidikan-nasional/ |archive-date=2023-04-30 |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=MEDIADELEGASI |language=id}}
Soeparto Tjitrodihardjo (Deputy Governor of Central Java 1985–1990, Chairman of the Central Java Regional House of Representatives 1992–1997, elder brother of Sutiyoso)

Activities

File:Aksi_demonstrasi_GMNI.jpg conference in Bali in 2013.]]

Some of the activities carried out by GMNI include demonstrations, literacy, cadreisation, and advocacy.

Notes

References

Bibliography

= Book =

{{wikicite |ref={{harvid|Presidium GMNI|2013}} |reference=Presidium GMNI. Buku Panduan Organisasi. Jakarta: Presidium GMNI. 2013.}}

= Journal =

Kuswono. "Marhaenism: Social Ideology Create by Soekarno" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802033721/https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/178078-ID-none.pdf|date=2020-08-02}}. Jurnal HISTORIA Volume 4, Nomor 2, Tahun 2016. ISSN 2337-4713. Diakses pada 12 November 2019.

= Web =

{{cite web |author=Arief Hidayat |url=https://www.mkri.id/public/content/infoumum/artikel/pdf/artikel_14_02_arief_hidayat.pdf |title=Indonesia Negara Ketuhanan |language=id |trans-title=Indonesia is a Nation based on Belief in God |website=mkri.id |publisher=Constitutional Court of Indonesia |year=2017 |access-date=8 March 2023}}

Category:1954 establishments in Indonesia

Category:Organizations based in Jakarta

Category:Student organizations established in 1954

Category:Student organizations in Indonesia