Inotiv

File:Envigo logo.png

In July 2018, Bioanalytical Systems, founded in 1974 by Purdue University chemistry professor Peter Kissinger, and Seventh Wave Laboratories, founded in 2003, merged.{{cite press release | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/07/02/1532422/0/en/BASi-and-Seventh-Wave-Laboratories-Combine-Operations-to-Provide-Broader-Solutions-and-Greater-Scientific-Expertise-to-Clients.html | title=BASi and Seventh Wave Laboratories Combine Operations to Provide Broader Solutions and Greater Scientific Expertise to Clients | publisher=Globe Newswire | date=July 2, 2018}}

In March 2021, the company changed its name to Inotiv. The Inotiv brand had been launched in November 2019 for the company's contract research organization division.{{cite press release | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/03/19/2196415/0/en/Bioanalytical-Systems-Inc-Announces-Corporate-Name-Change-to-Inotiv-Inc.html | title=Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. Announces Corporate Name Change to Inotiv, Inc. | publisher=Globe Newswire | date=March 19, 2021}}

In November 2021, Inotiv acquired Envigo.{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/11/05/2328704/0/en/Inotiv-Inc-Completes-Purchase-of-Envigo.html |title=Inotiv, Inc. Completes Purchase of Envigo | publisher=GlobeNewswire |date=November 5, 2021}} Envigo was formed in September 2015 by the merger of Huntingdon Life Sciences, Harlan Laboratories and three subsidiaries - GFA, NDA Analytics and LSR Associates.{{cite news | url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/cro/huntingdon-life-sciences-and-harlan-laboratories-to-become-envigo | title=Huntingdon Life Sciences and Harlan Laboratories to become Envigo | first=Damian | last=Garde | website=Fierce Biotech | publisher=MidOcean Partners | date=June 25, 2015}} It became a public company via a merger with a special-purpose acquisition company in August 2017.{{Cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/avista-healthcare-public-acquisition-corp-to-combine-with-envigo-international-holdings-inc-300506914.html | title=Avista Healthcare Public Acquisition Corp. To Combine With Envigo International Holdings, Inc. | publisher=PR Newswire | date=August 21, 2017}}{{cite news | url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/cro/envigo-merges-avista-to-be-listed-nasdaq | title=Envigo merges with Avista, to be listed on Nasdaq | first=Angus | last=Liu | website=Fierce Biotech | publisher=MidOcean Partners | date=August 24, 2017}}{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/avista-backed-spac-combines-with-contract-research-company-envigo-1503358683 | title=Avista-Backed SPAC Combines With Contract Research Company Envigo | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=August 21, 2017 | url-access=subscription}} In June 2019, it acquired the research products business of Fortrea, which acquired the nonclinical contract research services business of the company.{{Cite press release | url=https://ir.labcorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/labcorp-and-envigo-complete-innovative-transactions | title=LabCorp and Envigo Complete Innovative Transactions | publisher=Labcorp | date=June 3, 2019}}{{cite news | url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/cro/labcorp-splashes-485m-as-its-cro-unit-snaps-up-envigo-s-nonclinical-biz | title=LabCorp spends $485M as its CRO unit snaps up Envigo's nonclinical business | first=Ben | last=Adams | website=Fierce Biotech | publisher=MidOcean Partners | date=April 25, 2019}} In December 2019, it acquired the unit of Horizon Discovery that provides animals with clinically relevant gene deletions, insertions and other modifications for testing.{{cite news | url=https://www.cambridgeindependent.co.uk/business/horizon-discovery-sells-animal-models-business-to-envigo-as-it-refocuses-on-high-growth-areas-9088881/ | title=Horizon Discovery sells animal models business to Envigo as it refocuses on high-growth areas | first=Paul | last=Brackley | work=Cambridge Independent | date=November 14, 2019}}

In January 2022, the company acquired Integrated Laboratory Systems for $56 million.{{Cite press release | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/01/10/2364050/0/en/Inotiv-Inc-Announces-Expansion-of-Safety-Assessment-Offerings-with-Acquisition-of-Integrated-Laboratory-Systems-LLC.html | title=Inotiv, Inc. Announces Expansion of Safety Assessment Offerings with Acquisition of Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC | publisher=GlobeNewswire | date=January 10, 2022}}

In February 2022, the company acquired Orient BioResource Center, a preclinical contract research organization and animal model supplier for $51 million.{{Cite news | url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/2022/02/01/west-lafayettes-inotiv-acquires-primate-quarantine-facility-texas/9282311002/| title=West Lafayette's Inotiv acquires primate quarantine facility in Texas | work=Journal & Courier | date=February 1, 2022}}

In August 2023, the company sold its Israeli business to Harlan Holdings for $3.7 million.{{Cite press release | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/08/29/2733954/0/en/Inotiv-Announces-the-Sale-of-its-Israeli-Businesses-to-Harlan-Holdings-Ltd.html | title=Inotiv Announces the Sale of its Israeli Businesses to Harlan Holdings Ltd. | publisher=GlobeNewswire | date=August 29, 2023}}

The company owned and operated a research and breeding facility in Cumberland, Virginia that housed over 5,000 beagles, bred and sold for medical research. In 2019, PETA conducted an undercover investigation at the facility.{{Cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/2024/06/04/nx-s1-4991678/envigo-beagle-breeder-35-million-fine-animal-welfare | title=A beleaguered breeder faces a record $35 million fine for mistreating its beagles | first=Rachel | last=Treisman | work=NPR | date=June 4, 2024}} After a routine inspection in July 2021, USDA inspectors cited the company for 26 violations of the Animal Welfare Act of 1966.{{cite web | url=https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/envigo-2021-07-inspection.pdf | title=Envigo RMS, LLC July 20, 2021 Inspection Report |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture | date=July 20, 2021}} After an inspection in October 2021, inspectors cited the company for 13 violations, including 11 repeat violations.{{cite web |url=https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/envigo-2021-07-inspection.pdf |title=Envigo RMS, LLC October 18, 2021 Inspection Report | publisher=United States Department of Agriculture | date=October 18, 2021}} Inspectors noted in their reports that the dogs had inadequate food and water and veterinary care, more than 500 dogs were experiencing pain and discomfort, being left in 85-degree heat without air conditioning for up to five hours, and infrequent cleaning left kennels and feeders hounded by insects. More than a dozen dogs were found to have paw and eye injuries, as well as some with "severe dental disease". Over a seven-month period, more than 300 puppies died from "unknown causes", and the facility had kept unfinished records regarding their deaths. Nursing beagles were denied adequate food, and puppies were euthanized without anesthesia.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/12/26/virginia-dog-breeder-envigo/ |title=USDA cites dog-breeding facility in Virginia for mistreating animals | first=Dana | last=Hedgpath | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=December 26, 2021 | url-access=subscription}} "Investigators observed "widespread fighting" between beagles sharing food sources ... [and] beagles fighting between adjacent cages ... In multiple enclosures, puppies were unable to access the spigots to get water on their own, and when the investigator 'held down the spigot to release water,' the puppies 'immediately rushed to the spigot to get water and drank heavily and quickly.'" Investigators also found numerous beagles trapped in cage floors, one whose jaw was stuck in the cage bars, and unhygienic conditions including insects, mold and a buildup of old food.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/hundreds-of-beagles-have-died-at-a-major-research-animal-breeding-facility |title=Hundreds of beagles died at facility before government took action | first=Rachel | last=Fobar | work=National Geographic |date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519102055/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/hundreds-of-beagles-have-died-at-a-major-research-animal-breeding-facility |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/inotiv-discloses-expected-cost-of-planned-animal-facility-closures |last=Orr |first=Susan |title=Inotiv says closures of animal-breeding facilities could cost it nearly $10M | work=Indianapolis Business Journal |date=26 July 2022}}

As a result of these reports and undercover investigations by local news WRIC-TV and PETA, three bills were introduced in Virginia to tighten regulation and subject employees to criminal liability in January 2022; one of such bills passed in April 2022.{{cite web |url=https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?221+sum+SB604 |title=SB 604 Animal cruelty; companion animals, penalty. |website=Virginia Legislative Information System}}{{cite web |url=https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?221+sum+SB457 |title=SB 457 Dogs; breeding dogs for certain research prohibited, penalty. |website=Virginia Legislative Information System}}{{cite web |url=https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?221+sum+SB442 |title=SB 442 Dogs and cats; breeding for research, reporting to State Veterinarian. |website=Virginia Legislative Information System}}

After an inspection on March 8, 2022 found five repeat violations, including unsafe conditions, animal injuries, and mold and feces in the food supply, Virginia Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine sent a letter to the USDA requesting that the facility's license be temporarily revoked.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wric.com/news/virginia-news/senators-call-for-dog-breeding-facilitys-license-to-be-revoked/ |title=Senators call for dog breeding facility's license to be revoked | work=WRIC-TV |date=April 4, 2022}}

The United States Department of Justice filed a complaint against the company in federal district court on May 19, 2022, seeking an injunction to stop the company from breeding, selling, or otherwise dealing in beagles at the facility.{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-science-animals-dogs-2ed5169b8febc281790fca99d968ea66 |title=Feds sue operator of dog breeding facility, seize beagles | work=Associated Press |date=May 20, 2022}} U.S. District Court Judge Norman K. Moon granted the injunction.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wric.com/news/virginia-news/federal-judge-bars-envigo-from-breeding-selling-dogs/ |title=Federal judge bars Envigo from breeding, selling dogs | work=WRIC-TV |date=May 22, 2022}}{{cite journal |url=https://www.science.org/do/10.1126/science.add1055/full/federalrestrainingorder05232022.pdf |title=UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. ENVIGO RMS, LLC, Defendant. |website=science.org |doi=10.1126/science.add1055 |date=May 21, 2022}} The government also seized nearly 150 beagles from the site that were in desperate need of medical treatment denied by the company.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/beagles-seized-dog-breeding-facility-deaths-virginia/ |title=Feds seize 145 beagles "in distress" from Virginia research facility where hundreds of dogs were found dead | agency=Associated Press | work=CBS News |date=20 May 2022}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.purdueexponent.org/city_state/article_640ff9f8-0f6e-11ed-8b0f-1b3fddc2e503.html |title=West Lafayette-based company sued over beagle treatment |first=JAMES | last=KLING |work=Purdue Exponent |date=29 July 2022}}

In a settlement reached in July 2022, the company agreed to no longer engage in activities at the Cumberland site that require an Animal Welfare Act license and to relinquish the nearly 4,000 beagles at the facility to the Humane Society of the United States. The company was also ordered to pay a portion of the adoption costs.{{Cite news | url=https://www.wric.com/news/virginia-news/judge-approves-transfer-of-all-4000-remaining-beagles-at-breeding-facility-to-shelters-for-adoption/ | title=Judge approves transfer of all 4,000 remaining beagles at breeding facility to shelters for adoption | first=Kassidy | last=Hammond | work=WRIC-TV | date=July 5, 2022}} The remainder of the costs were covered by dog rescue charities.{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-08-24/abused-beagles-virginia-dog-breeder-rescued |title=Abcarian: 4,000 abused beagles were liberated from captivity. This one found a home in Sherman Oaks |work=Los Angeles Times |date=August 24, 2022 | url-access=limited}} This represented the largest animal welfare seizure in the history of the Humane Society.{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/10/17/beagles-envigo-rescue-humane-society/ |title=Profit, pain and puppies: Inside the rescue of nearly 4,000 beagles | first=Lizzie | last=Johnson | newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 17, 2022}} The Humane Society transported the dogs to a network of shelters across the United States and by September 1, 2022, all of the dogs had been adopted.{{Cite web | url=https://www.humanesociety.org/news/going-big-beagles |title=Going big for beagles | first=Danielle S. | last=Tepper | work=Humane Society of the United States | date=December 9, 2022}}{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/us/beagles-rescue-adoption.html | title=4,000 Rescued Beagles, Bred for Research, Found Homes and Best Friends | first1=Lauren | last1=McCarthy | first2=Johnny | last2=Diaz | work=The New York Times | date=August 4, 2023 | url-access=limited}} One of the beagles was adopted by Meghan, Duchess of Sussex and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/24/us/meghan-prince-harry-beagle-rescue-adoption.html |title=Harry and Meghan Adopt a Mistreated Beagle Mom |last=Rubin |first=April | work=The New York Times | date=August 24, 2022 | url-access=limited |issn=0362-4331}} Another rescued puppy was adopted by New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy and is now the First Dog of New Jersey.{{cite news | url=https://www.wusa9.com/article/life/animals/beagle-puppy-rescued-from-cumberland-virginia-breeding-facility-adopted-by-new-jersey-governor/65-4aa9ba46-b0b9-48ec-8a83-1e8f5920ff38 | title=Puppy rescued from VA breeding facility adopted by New Jersey governor | work=WUSA |date=August 23, 2022}}

In June 2024, the company pleaded guilty to conspiring to violate the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and conspiring to violate the Clean Water Act, agreeing to pay $22 million in fines, including the largest-ever fine imposed by the Department of Justice in an animal welfare case, as well as agreeing to pay an additional $13.5 million toward animal welfare and environmental projects, law enforcement expenses, and improvements to facilities.{{Cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/03/envigo-guilty-beagle-mistreatment | title=US breeder Envigo pleads guilty to mistreating beagles and fined $35.5m | agency=Reuters | work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077 |date=June 3, 2024 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240603212112/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/03/envigo-guilty-beagle-mistreatment | archive-date=2024-06-03 | url-status=live}}{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/03/us/envigo-beagles-abuse-breeder-guilty.html | title=Breeder Ordered to Pay $35 Million for Mistreating Beagles | first=Jesus | last=Jiménez | work=The New York Times | date=June 3, 2024 | url-access=limited}}

In August 2023, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigated the company for possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for knowing using monkeys that were illegally captured in national parks and protected wild habitats.{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/finance/regulation/inotiv-faces-sec-probe-on-imports-of-monkeys-from-asia-5e4fc237 | title=Inotiv Faces SEC Probe on Imports of Monkeys From Asia | first=Richard | last=Vanderford | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=August 15, 2023 | url-access=subscription}}

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Category:American companies established in 1974

Category:Animal testing in the United States

Category:Animal cruelty incidents

Category:Companies based in Indiana

Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq

Category:Contract research organizations

Category:Health care companies based in Indiana