Inscriptional Parthian
{{Short description|Parthian language coin script from 250 BC}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Inscriptional Parthian
| type = Abjad
| languages = Parthian language
| time = {{circa|100}} CE – {{circa|400}} CE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hm6b38h
| fam1 = Aramaic alphabet
| fam2 = Pahlavi scripts
| sample = Shapur Kabe Zartosht.png
| caption = Parthian version of Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
| imagesize =
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10B40.pdf U+10B40–U+10B5F]
| iso15924 = 130
| note = none
}}
{{Contains special characters
| special = uncommon Unicode characters
| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Inscriptional Parthian
| image = Replacement character.svg
| link = Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character
| alt = >
| compact = yes
}}
Inscriptional Parthian was a script used to write the Parthian language, the majority of the text found were from clay fragments. This script was used from the 2nd century CE to the 5th century CE or in the Parthian Empire to the early Sasanian Empire. During the Sasanian Empire it was mostly used for official texts.{{Cite web |title=Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hm6b38h |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=escholarship.org}}{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
Inscriptional Parthian is written right to left and the letters are not joined.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
File:Naqsh-e Rajab - Shapur parade - detail of inscription.jpg (below) and Middle Persian was being used in inscriptions of early Sasanian emperors. Shapur I's inscription at the Naqsh-e Rajab]]
Letters
Inscriptional Parthian uses 22 letters:{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07207r-n3286r-parthian-pahlavi.pdf|title=L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS|date=2007-08-24|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Roozbeh|last2=Pournader}}
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
Name{{Cref2|A}} | Image | Text | IPA{{cite book | title=The World's Writing Systems | year=1996 | editor1-first=Peter T. | editor1-last=Daniels | editor1-link=Peter T. Daniels | editor2-last=Bright | editor2-first=William | editor2-link=William Bright | publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc | isbn=978-0195079937 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/518 518] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/518 }} |
---|---|---|---|
align=left |Aleph
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭀}}}} |/a/, /aː/ | |||
align=left |Beth
|19px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭁}}}} |/b/, /v/ | |||
align=left |Gimel
|17px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭂}}}} |/g/, /j/ | |||
align=left |Daleth
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭃}}}} |/d/, /j/ | |||
align=left |He
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭄}}}} |/h/ | |||
align=left |Waw
|15px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} |/v/, /r/ | |||
align=left |Zayin
|9px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭆}}}} |/z/ | |||
align=left |Heth
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭇}}}} |/h/, /x/ | |||
align=left |Teth
|18px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭈}}}} |/t/ | |||
align=left |Yodh
|6px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭉}}}} |/j/, /ĕː/, /ĭː/ | |||
align=left |Kaph
|20px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭊}}}} |/k/ | |||
align=left |Lamedh
|12px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭋}}}} |/l/ | |||
align=left |Mem
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭌}}}} |/m/ | |||
align=left |Nun
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍}}}} |/n/ | |||
align=left |Samekh
|15px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭎}}}} |/s/ | |||
align=left |Ayin
|14px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭏}}}} |/ʔ/ | |||
align=left |Pe
|17px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭐}}}} |/p/, /b/ | |||
align=left |Sadhe
|24px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭑}}}} |/s/ | |||
align=left |Qoph
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭒}}}} |/q/ | |||
align=left |Resh
|16px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭓}}}} |/r/ | |||
align=left |Shin
|14px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭔}}}} |/ʃ/, /ʒ/ | |||
align=left |Taw
|15px |{{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭕}}}} |/t/, /d/ |
{{Cnote2 Begin}}
{{Cnote2|A|Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters}}
{{Cnote2 End}}
Ligatures
Inscriptional Parthian uses seven standard ligatures:
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
colspan="2" | Ligature | rowspan="2" | Sequence | |
---|---|---|
Image | Text | |
22px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭂𐭅}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭂}}}} (gimel) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} (waw) |
24px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭇𐭅}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭇}}}} (heth) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} (waw) |
17px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭉𐭅}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭉}}}} (yodh) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} (waw) |
19px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍𐭅}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍}}}} (nun) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} (waw) |
22px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭏𐭋}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭏}}}} (ayin) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭋}}}} (lamedh) |
22px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭓𐭅}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭓}}}} (resh) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} (waw) |
22px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭕𐭅}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭕}}}} (taw) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭅}}}} (waw) |
The letters sadhe (𐭑) and nun (𐭍) have swash tails which typically trail under the following letter.
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
colspan="2" | Ligature | rowspan="2" | Sequence | |
---|---|---|
Image | Text | |
20px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍𐭍}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍}}}} (nun) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍}}}} (nun) |
18px | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍𐭃}}}} | {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭍}}}} (nun) + {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭃}}}} (daleth) |
Numerals
Inscriptional Parthian uses its own numerals:
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||||||||
colspan="2" | Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 1000 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rowspan="2" | Sign | Image
| 6px || 11px || 17px || 22px || 16px || 16px || 20px || 16px | |||||||
Text
| {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭘}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭙}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭚}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭛}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭜}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭝}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭞}}}} || {{script|Prti|{{huge|𐭟}}}} |
Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 158 is written as {{script|Prti|{{large|𐭞𐭝𐭝𐭜𐭛𐭛}}}} (100 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 4 + 4).
Unicode
{{main|Inscriptional Parthian (Unicode block)}}
Inscriptional Parthian script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
The Unicode block for Inscriptional Parthian is U+10B40–U+10B5F:
{{Unicode chart Inscriptional Parthian}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{list of writing systems}}
Category:Abjad writing systems
Category:Obsolete writing systems
{{Abjad-stub}}