Internet Systems Consortium

{{Infobox organization

| name = Internet Systems Consortium

| formation = {{start date and age|1994}}

| founder = {{plist|

}}

| founded_date =

| key_people = Jeff Osborn (President)

| website = {{official URL}}

| logo = Internet Systems Consortium logo.svg

| image =

| type = Network Engineering

| area_served = Worldwide

| status = 501(c)(3) organization

| focus = DNS, Internet

| products = BIND, DHCP, Kea

| num_employees = 35

| former name = Internet Software Consortium

| location = Newmarket, New Hampshire, U.S.

| module = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=3557}}

}}

Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., also known as ISC, is an American non-profit corporation that supports the infrastructure of the universal, self-organizing Internet by developing and maintaining core production-quality software, protocols, and operations.{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/about/ |title = The History of ISC |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2020-09-14 |archive-date = 2020-10-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201020132411/https://www.isc.org/about/ |url-status = live }}{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/about/501c3 |title = 501(c)(3) exemption letter |author = Internal Revenue Service |author-link = Internal Revenue Service |date = 2007-12-15 |format = PDF |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2009-04-11 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081118021227/https://www.isc.org/about/501c3/ |archive-date = 2008-11-18 }} ISC has developed several key Internet technologies that enable the global Internet, including: BIND, ISC DHCP and Kea. Other software projects no longer in active development include OpenReg and ISC AFTR (an implementation of an IPv4/IPv6 transition protocol based on Dual-Stack Lite).

ISC operates one of the 13 global authoritative DNS root servers, F-Root.{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/f-root/ |title = F-Root |date = 10 July 2019 |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2020-09-14 |archive-date = 2020-09-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200905075919/http://www.isc.org/f-root/ |url-status = live }}{{cite web |url = https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2008-01-04-en |title = Milestone Agreement Reached Between ICANN, and F Root Server Operator, Internet Systems Consortium |publisher = ICANN |access-date = 2020-09-14 |archive-date = 2019-12-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191213093456/https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2008-01-04-en |url-status = live }}

Over the years a number of additional software systems were operated under ISC (for example: INN and Lynx) to better support the Internet's infrastructure. ISC also expanded their operational activities to include Internet hosting facilities for other open-source projects such as NetBSD, XFree86, kernel.org, secondary name-service (SNS) for more than 50 top-level domains, and a DNS OARC (Operations, Analysis and Research Center) for monitoring and reporting of the Internet's DNS.

ISC is actively involved in the community design process; it authors and participates in the development of the IETF standards, including the production of managed open-source software used as a reference implementation of the DNS.{{cite web |title=IETF Standards Written by ISC Contributors |url=https://www.isc.org/rfcs/ |website=Internet Systems Consortium |publisher=ISC |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405182509/https://www.isc.org/rfcs/ |url-status=live }}

ISC is primarily funded by the sale of technical support contracts for its open source software.{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/docs/2019ISCannualreportfinal.pdf |title = 2019 ISC Annual Report |publisher = ISC |access-date = 2020-09-14 |archive-date = 2020-10-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201001122720/https://www.isc.org/docs/2019ISCannualreportfinal.pdf |url-status = dead }}

History

Originally the company was founded as the Internet Software Consortium, Inc. The founders included Paul Vixie, Rick Adams and Carl Malamud. The corporation was intended to continue the development of BIND software. The founders believed that it was necessary that BIND's maintenance and development be managed and funded by an independent organization. ISC was designated as a root name server operator by IANA, originally as NS.ISC.ORG and later as F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In January 2004, ISC reorganized under the new name Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/mission |title = ISC Mission |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2020-09-14 }}

In July 2013, ISC spun off the Security Business Unit to [https://www.farsightsecurity.com Farsight Security, Inc.] a new company started by ISC founder Paul Vixie.{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/blogs/isc-spins-off-its-security-business-unit/ |title = ISC Spins Off Its Security Business Unit |date = 2 July 2013 |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2020-09-14 |archive-date = 2020-09-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200905081059/http://www.isc.org/blogs/isc-spins-off-its-security-business-unit/ |url-status = live }}

In early 2020, ISC closed its headquarters in Redwood City, California and moved its operations to Newmarket, New Hampshire.{{cite web |title=ISC 2019 Year in Review |date=13 January 2020 |url=https://www.isc.org/blogs/2019-in-review/ |publisher=Internet Systems Consortium |access-date=14 September 2020}}

Open Source

ISC develops and maintains open source networking software, including BIND and two DHCP implementations: ISC DHCP and Kea DHCP. ISC also distributes INN and several older, unmaintained projects. Some early aspects of its software were developed by developers that were commercially employed by Nominum, amongst others.{{cite web |url = http://www.nominum.com/company/history.php |title = Nominum Inc history |quote = David Conrad founded Nominum in 1999 to develop BIND9 and ISC DHCP3 for the Internet Software Consortium |access-date = 2008-12-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081220151140/http://www.nominum.com/company/history.php |archive-date = 2008-12-20 |url-status = dead }}

ISC license

ISC developed and used the ISC license, which is functionally similar to the simplified BSD and MIT licenses. The ISC license is OpenBSD's preferred license for new code.{{cite web |title=OpenBSD: Copyright Policy |url=https://www.openbsd.org/policy.html |website=openbsd.org |access-date=5 March 2024}}

All current versions of ISC-hosted software are available under the Mozilla Public License 2.0.{{cite web |title=ISC Software Licenses |url=https://isc.org/licenses |publisher=Internet Systems Consortium |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916083853/https://www.isc.org/licenses/ |url-status=live }}

DNS root server

ISC operates the DNS "F" root server, the first such server to be distributed using anycast. In 2007 it was announced that ISC and ICANN would sign an agreement regarding the operation of F, the first such agreement made between ICANN and a root-server operator.{{cite web |url = https://www.icann.org/announcements/announcement-04jan08.htm |title = Milestone Agreement Reached Between ICANN, and F Root Server Operator, Internet Systems Consortium |publisher = ICANN |access-date = 2020-09-14 |archive-date = 2008-07-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080703165343/http://www.icann.org./announcements/announcement-04jan08.htm |url-status = live }}

Usenet moderators list

ISC maintains and publishes (on ftp.isc.org) the central Usenet moderators list and relays for moderated groups, so individual server operators don't have to track moderator changes.[http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/faqs/usenet-hier.html#S4 Usenet Hierarchy FAQ Section 4].

Internet Domain Survey

File:Internet Hosts Count log.svg

The Internet Domain Survey searched the Domain Name System (DNS) to discover every Internet host. The survey began when only a few hundred hosts were Internet-linked.{{cite web |url = https://www.isc.org/solutions/survey |title = ISC Internet Domain Survey |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2009-04-11 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081117190806/https://www.isc.org/solutions/survey |archive-date = 2008-11-17 }} The earliest published reports, dated 1993, were performed by Network Wizards owner Mark K. Lottor. The Internet host count was {{val|1,313,000}} in January 1993 and {{val|1,062,660,523}} in the January 2017 survey.{{cite web |url = http://ftp.isc.org/www/survey/reports/current/ |title = Internet Domain Survey, January 2017 |publisher = Internet Systems Consortium |access-date = 2017-02-14 |archive-date = 2024-06-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240625184358/https://ftp.isc.org/www/survey/reports/current/ |url-status = live }}

ISC ended its sponsorship and publication of the [https://www.isc.org/survey/ Internet Domain Survey] in 2019.{{cite web |title=ISC ends Internet Domain Survey |date=26 August 2019 |url=https://www.isc.org/blogs/domain-survey-ends/ |publisher=Internet Systems Consortium |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629202222/https://www.isc.org/blogs/domain-survey-ends/ |url-status=live }}