Intersputnik
{{Short description|International satellite communications services organization}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Intersputnik
{{small|Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications}}
|image = Interputnik logo.png
|image_border =
|size = 150px
|caption = Intersputnik logo
|map =
|msize =
|mcaption =
|abbreviation =
|motto =
|formation = {{start date and age|15 November 1971}}
|extinction =
|type =
|status = Active
|purpose =
|headquarters = Moscow, Russia
|coordinates =
|owner =
|location =
|region_served =
|membership = 25 member states
|language = Russian
|leader_title = Director General
|leader_name = Ksenia Drozdova{{cite web|url=http://intersputnik.int/about/direction/|title=Directorate|website=Intersputnik.net|access-date=March 4, 2021}}
|main_organ =
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = {{URL|https://intersputnik.int/|intersputnik.int}}
|remarks =
}}
The Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications, commonly known as Intersputnik, is an international satellite communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in Moscow by the Soviet Union along with a group of seven formerly socialist states (Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Mongolia) and Cuba.
The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of communications satellites. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western Intelsat organization. As of 2024, the organization has 25 member states. Ukraine is in the process of leaving the organization, while Czechia announced its intention to leave in February 2025,{{Cite web |title=ČR odejde z organizace Intersputnik se sídlem v Moskvě {{!}} ČeskéNoviny.cz |url=https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2633449 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.ceskenoviny.cz |language=cs}} and Poland announced on 13 March 2025 that it will leave effective 12 August 2025.
Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 transponders. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the Lockheed Martin Intersputnik (LMI) joint venture together with Lockheed Martin, which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by Asia Broadcast Satellite (ABS).
History
Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). The main system and technical developments were carried out by NIIR, radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.
In the initial version, Intersputnik used highly elliptical satellites of the Molniya-3 type, and in 1978 it began using geostationary satellites of the Gorizont type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3 kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the Research Institute for Telecommunication (TKI) in Budapest took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in Hungary and Czechoslovakia were connected to production.Vonog A. I. [http://r91353ba.beget.tech/intersputnik.html Intersputnik system]. Krasnoyarsk TV plant. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
Member states
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}{{cite web |title=Member Countries |url=https://intersputnik.int/about/countries/?view=list |website=Intersputnik |access-date=24 July 2022}}
- {{AZE|Aserbaidschan}}
- {{BLR|Weißrussland}}
- {{BUL|Bulgarien}}
- {{CAM|Cambodia}}
- {{CUB|Kuba}}
- {{CZE|Tschechien}}
- {{GEO|Georgien}}
- {{HUN|Ungarn}}
- {{IND|Indien}}
- {{KAZ|Kasachstan}}
- {{KGZ|Kirgisistan}}
- {{LAO|Laos}}
- {{MGL|Mongolei}}
- {{NIC|Nicaragua}}
- {{PRK|Nord-Korea}}
- {{POL}} (until 12 August 2025)
- {{ROM|Rumänien}}
- {{RUS|Russland}}
- {{SYR|Syrien}}
- {{TJK|Tadschikistan}}
- {{TKM|Turkmenistan}}
- {{UKR|Ukraine}}
- {{VIE|Vietnam}}
- {{YEM|Jemen}}
File:Intersputnik member states 2013.png
{{div col end}}
See also
References
External links
- {{Official website|http://www.intersputnik.int}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131325/http://azercosmos.az/assets/Uploads/NewFolder-2/13Intersputnik-immunities.pdf Agreement on the legal capacity, privileges and immunities], Berlin, 20 September 1976
- [http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html satnews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711154654/http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html |date=2007-07-11 }}
- [http://english.pravda.ru/region/2001/11/28/22211.html english.pravda.ru]
- [https://www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20sput.htm un.org]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070816124457/http://www.dlr.de/archiv/geschichte.htm dlr.de]
{{Satcomm}}
{{Public sector space agencies}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Communications satellites
Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Category:Space program of the Soviet Union
Category:Soviet and Russian space institutions
Category:Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
Category:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
Category:East Germany–Soviet Union relations
Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations
Category:Hungary–Soviet Union relations
Category:Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations
Category:Cuba–Soviet Union relations
Category:Romania–Soviet Union relations
Category:Soviet Union–Syria relations
Category:India–Soviet Union relations
Category:1971 establishments in the Soviet Union
Category:Bulgaria–Soviet Union relations