Iranian National Ballet Company

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The history of ballet in Iran started in 1928 when Madame Cornelli, a Russian immigrant who fled the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, started giving dance lessons in Tehran. There was no methodical ballet training; the classes consisted of various exercises to make the body supple and to cultivate the students' awareness of rhythm and musicality. Part of each class was devoted to character or folk dances.From book: My Life as a Persian Ballerina by Haideh Ahmadzadeh, p. 5 A later dance teacher was Madame Yelena (Avedisian),Kiann, Nima (2000). Madame Yelena Avedisian. [http://www.artira.com/danceforum/articles/yelena/yelena_bio.html/ Eastern Dance Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203012908/http://www.artira.com/danceforum/articles/yelena/yelena_bio.html |date=2014-12-03 }} (Retrieved 2 Dec. 2014) and Sarkis Djanbazian who respectively in 1933 and 1938 organized dance classes in the city of Tabriz and Qazvin. These newcomers expanded the European influenced dance scene in Iran by holding performances and dance classes of various style, including classical ballet, European folk dancing, the European partner dancing, etc.

In the early 1940s Nilla Cram Cook, who had vast knowledge in Eastern cultures and languages, was serving as the United States cultural attaché at the American Embassy in Tehran. During her time as the US culturаl attaché she became employed at the Ministry of Education and Propaganda, as director general of the Arts Department. Her endeavors and great interest in Persian culture, arts and literature resulted in the realization of the most extensive Iranian national dance project of the first half of the twentieth century. In 1946, Cram Cook founded the Studio of the Revival of the Iranian Ancient Arts (in {{langx|fa|استودیوی احیای هنرهای باستانی ایران}}), aiming to revive and restore the “forgotten” ancient Iranian performing arts. Most of the dances were based on Persian history or mythology. An important work by Cram Cook, The Caravan, was developed from a poem by Saadi and was later performed in 1958 by the Iranian National Ballet.From book: My Life as a Persian Ballerina by Haideh Ahmadzadeh; p. 21 The dance troupe performed at functions at the American Embassy in Tehran and toured nationally and internationally, remaining active until around 1953.

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In 1955, Mehrdad Pahlbod, the head of the Fine Arts department commissioned Nejad and Haideh Ahmadzadeh to start a ballet school on a professional basis aiming to raise native Iranian ballet dancers for a future national ballet company. The School was opened in 1956 in the premises of Tehran's Conservatory of Music. Two years later in 1958, the Iranian National Ballet Company was established with Nejad Ahmadzadeh as its founding director. When the Fine Arts Department of Iran eventually expanded and became The Ministry of Culture and Arts, Nejad Ahmadzadeh was appointed as director of the ballet academy, the ballet company and the National and Folk Music, Song and Dance Ensemble which was a sister company to the Iranian National Ballet Company using the same dancers to create and stage a nationally inspired repertoire.Ahmadzadeh, Haideh (2009). My life as a Persian Ballerina. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Enterprises Inc.

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As institutionalizing ballet and bringing about a professional national ballet ensemble comparable to the ballet companies in the West had become a serious concern for the government, the Iranian monarch Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi had personally asked Dame Ninette de Valois to council on the formation of a ballet company during one of his official visits to London and after a command performance in his honor at the Royal Opera House. In the summer of 1958, Dame Ninette de Valois was visiting Turkey where she had founded a ballet school. On the invitation of the Ministry of Culture and Arts, she prolonged her trip in order to visit the National Ballet Academy of Iran and budding company in Tehran. On her return to London, she sent Ann Cox followed by Miro Michael Zolan and his wife Sandra Vane. Later Nicholas Beriozoff, Marion English-Delanian, Richard Brown and finally Robert and Jacqueline de Warren were sent by de Valois to teach and stage dances and short ballets for the ballet academy and company.

The Iranian National Ballet Company developed to become the most renowned Iranian cultural institution during its tenure as the country's only ballet institution. Company productions were often performed at official events and functions in the presence of the Royal family and invited national and international dignitaries.{{cite web | last =Kiann | first =Nima | title =Persian Dance and Its Forgotten History | work =Eastern Dance Forum | url =http://www.artira.com/danceforum/history/history.html | access-date = 2014-08-20}} The company moved to the Roudaki Hall Opera upon its completion in 1967.Kiann, Nima (2015). History of Ballet in Iran. Wiesbaden: Reichert Publishing

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The company repertoire included classical, neoclassical and contemporary ballets which were staged usually by invited guest choreographers and ballet masters from Europe and the United States. The company established a close collaboration with dance institutions in Soviet Union, United States and Europe. The Royal Ballet, Royal Academy of Dance, Bolshoi Ballet, American Ballet Theatre were parts of a vast exchanging cultural program between the companies.

Some early works of the company were those choreographed by Nilla Cram Cook for the Revival of the Iranian Ancient Arts Ensemble which were restaged by Cram Cook's former dancers, Nejad and Haideh Ahmadzadeh. Prominent and world-famous ballet dancers from renowned ballet companies of the world were often invited to dance the principal roles of all great classical ballets. In order to keep the high standard of the productions the company relied on guest artists from abroad to perform the leading roles in most work premieres.

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The Iranian National Ballet Company started operating in 1958 with a dozen of dancers. The company grew to approximately 50 dancers, one third of them Iranian natives. The rest of the company members came mostly from Europe and the United States.[https://www.facebook.com/IranianNationalBallet/info?tab=page_info/ Community page of the Iranian National Ballets Company at Facebook. List of former members][https://www.facebook.com/IranianNationalBallet/timeline/ Community page of the Iranian National Ballets Company at Facebook. Timeline]Craine, Debra & Mackrell, Judith (2000). "Oxford Dictionary of Dance." New York: Oxford University Press

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• Nejad Ahmadzadeh (1958–1976)
• Ali Pourfarrokh (1976–1979)

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• William Dollar (1958–1960)
• Miro Zolan (1961–1963)
• Richard Brown (1963–1964)
• Jack Carter (1971)
• Anne Heaton (1973)
• Haideh Ahmadzadeh
• Robert Urazgildiev (1975)
• Birgit Cullberg (1975)
• Nicholas Beriosoff (1976–1979)
• John Butler

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• William Dollar
• Miro Zolan
• Sandra Vane
• Yvonne Patterson (1959–1960)
• Marian English Delanian (1960 -1979)
• Robert de Warren (1965-1970)
• Jacqueline de Warren (1965–1970)
• Dudley Davies (1977–1979)
• Kenneth Mason (1976-1979)

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1. Ayda Abolian
2. Avak Abrahamian (Salmasi) (? - 1979)
3. Valerik Abrahamian (? - 1979)
4. Ahmad Adjdadi
5. Adeleh Afrand
6. Haideh Ahmadzadeh (1958–1975)
7. Parvin Al-Amin
8. Ronald K. Alexander
9. Anne Allen (1978–1979)
10. Jeremy Allen (1976 - 1979)
11. Avisa Amirshahi
12. Jenous Amirshahi
13. Mary Apick
14. Ahita Ardalan
15. Azita Arfa
16. Wendy Arshamian (? - 1979)
17. Minoo Atabaki
18. Clara Avanessian
19. Ophelia Azarnia
20. Banafsheh Bahramian
21. Georgina Bahramian Coleman (? - 1979)
22. Nejdeh Bahramian (? - 1979)
23. James Bailey (1977–1978)
24. Evelyn Balassanian (? - 1979)
25. Mitra Behrouz
26. Diana Biggart
27. Nina Brzorad (1976–1979)
28. Pippa Buck Power
29. Aban Budin
30. Margaret Bull
31. Judyth Casey
32. Haydeh Changizian (1972–1978)
33. Tina Christina
34. Robert Craset (1977–1979)
35. Michael Dane
36. Belinda (Lindy) Davies (? - 1979)
37. Rosamund Davies
38. Otis Daye (1977–1978)
39. Rostam Dehmohbed
40. Missy Denman (? - 1978)
41. Yerjanik Djambazian
42. Mehdi Doagoo
43. Gavin Dorrian (1978–1979)
44. Tomas Edwards (Martini) (? - 1978)
45. Magdy El-Lethy (? - 1979)
46. Jonathan Ellingham (1977–1979)
47. Bahman Sadr Orafai
48. Hilda Estepanian
49. Fereshteh Fakoor
50. Fereshteh Farazmand
51. Ivan Ionathan Feller
52. Martin Fredmann
53. Parviz Ghanei (? - 1979)
54. Farihan (Fari) Gheissari Akbarian
55. Diane Gray (? - 1979)
56. Michael Hall
57. Mark Hammond (1977–1978)
58. Mary Heathcote
59. Caroline Heming (1977 - 1978)
60. Dariush Hirbodian
61. Behrooz Honarbakhsh
62. Sarah Inglis Fricker (1970-1974)
63. David Jackson (1976 - 1978)
64. Nader Jahanfard
65. Sarvar (Sorur) Kaboli
66. Nina Kavosi
67. Nasser Kazemi
68. Sudabeh Keshmirian
69. Sholeh Katherina Kia
70. Shideh Kia Nikkhoo (? - 1979)
71. Ladan Kianpoor
72. Jeremy Macdonald (1977–1978)
73. Osama Maksood (1978–1979)
74. Robert March (1976–1977)
75. Debbie McGee (1978–1979)
76. Sam McManus
77. Terri Mills Tester
78. Frieda Minassian
79. Golriz Mirjahangiri
80. Nader Mirzadeh
81. Rima Moghadam
82. Farnoosh Moshiri
83. Abdollah Nazemi
84. Leon Neshanian
85. Jaleh Nikpay
86. Judith (Judy) Odell (1976 - 1978)
87. Karen Oram
88. Gita Ostovani
89. Gregory Pope (1977–1978)
90. Mary Paranicas (1977–1978)
91. Janet Popeleski (1976 - 1978)
92. Virginia (Ginny) Portz
93. Tibor Pusztai - Conductor
94. Mina Rad
95. Chinko Rafique (? - 1977)
96. Jaleh Rahbar
97. Soheyla Razavi (? - 1979)
98. Patricia Renzetti (1978–1979)
99. Helen Riddington (1976 - 1978)
100. Amanda Rivera Bruell (?-1978)
101. Vivien Rycroft Richards (? - 1979)
102. Soheila Sadr
103. Jamshid Saghabashi (1958–1979)
104. Fereydoon Saghabashi Tork
105. Maggie (Burton) Saghabashi (? - 1979)
106. Pari Samar
107. Bahareh Sardari (? - 1979)
108. John (Jay) Seaman (1977–1979)
109. Susan Sepehran
110. Roberta Senn Minto (1977–1978)
111. Karen Smith (1977–1978)
112. Azar Snider
113. Sacha Spencer-Moore
114. Diane Spinelli
115. Clair Symonds Josephs
116. Amin Taati
117. Mersedeh Tahvildari
118. Mary Tarverdian
119. Kent Taylor (1978)
120. Peggy Tehran
121. Catherine Terzian
122. Mark Thibodeau (1977–1978)
123. Peter Towse (? - 1978)
124. Behrooz Vasseghi (? - 1978)
125. Samuel Veal (1976 - 1978)
126. Ali Aschar Vil
127. Bethan Wiliams (1977–1978)
128. Trevor Wood
129. Wendy Woodbridge (1977–1978)
130. Jennifer (Jenny) Wyatt (1974–1979)
131. Nazila Zand-Karimi
132. Vazgen Zarokian
133. Pejman Parhami (1975-1977)

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The civil unrest and political upheavals that caused the collapse of the Monarchy and establishment of a theocracy in Iran started in 1978 and was escalating rapidly. The last ballet production that was staged at the Roudaki Hall Opera was Sleeping Beauty during the fall season of 1978. By December 1978 and January 1979, the political situation of the country became more and more unstable. Almost all foreign members of the company left Iran during this period as soon as there was a flight available, before the complete collapse of the regime in February 1979. Employed dancers were informed that there were dismissed till the new government's further notice. Eventually, a meeting was arranged in Bāgh-e Manzariyeh in northern Tehran soon after the victorious revolution in the presence of Roudaki Hall's workforce and Ayatollah Mohammad Mofatteh. When he was asked about the fate of ballet in Iran, he replied irately and in no uncertain terms that Islamic Republic and ballet is paradoxical and self-contradictory. The Iranian National Ballet Company was thereafter formally declared as dissolved in 1979.Koegler, Horst (1987). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Ballet. New York: Oxford University Press

Twenty-three years after disbanding of the Iranian National Ballet, the Swedish-Iranian dancer, and choreographer Nima Kiann created a new company in Stockholm, Sweden with the support of the Swedish authorities. Inspired by Les Ballets Russes and Ballets suédois as exiled dance companies representing vastly the culture of their countries, he named the company Les Ballets Persans ({{langx|fa|سازمان باله ایران}}).’’Les Ballets Persans.’’ (2002). World Premiere souvenir program booklet. Stockholm: LBP PublicationsPatriot med mödosam mission. [Patriot with an arduous mission]. Article and interview in Göteborgs-Posten newspaper. 2000-01-26 The company repertory is entirely based on the Persian culture and heritage and does not include any works of the Western repertoire unless they are created based on Persian heritage. The project of revival of the Iranian National Ballet Company made an international impact and was regarded as the most extensive individual artistic project ever realized outside of Iran.

• On the 35th anniversary of disbanding of the company, on August 29, 2014, around forty former members of the Iranian National Ballet, including Nejad and Haideh Ahmadzadeh and Ali Pourfarrokh, gathered together in Washington DC to celebrate and share the accomplishments of the company. This was the first reunion of company members after leaving Tehran thirty-five years ago. In a message sent to this reunion, Nima Kiann the founder of Les Ballets Persans, the successor company of the Iranian National Ballet, wrote: ...On behalf of the new generation of Iranian ballet artists, I salute all attending and even absent members of the company this evening. Your collective accomplishment of the past time is today’s fundament on which this new generation is standing on. It is a reason of pride for the new and future generations of Iranians and a reminder of a passed time of development and progress for the art form of dance in Iran.[https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=898282580186725&set=a.607254065956246.1073741825.100000149738879&type=1&theater/ Nima Kiann’s message to the reunion. August 29, 2014]

• Vahdat Hall
• Les Ballets Persans
• Official website of [http://www.nimakiann.com/ Nima Kiann]

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; Bibliography

• {{Cite book|last=Craine |first=Debra |title=The Ballets Russes and the Art of Design |year=2009 |publisher=The Monacelli Press |location=New York}}

• [http://www.artira.com/balletspersans/history.html Chronology of the Iranian National Ballet and Les Ballets Persans]
• Official website of [http://www.balletspersans.org/ Les Ballets Persans]
• [http://www.answers.com/topic/ali-pourfarrokh Ali Pourfarrokh]

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Category:Ballet companies

Category:Performing groups established in 1958

Category:1958 establishments in Iran

Category:Ballet in Iran