Iris schachtii
{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = DIris schachtii kz04.jpg
|genus = Iris
|display_parents = 2
|parent = Iris sect. Iris
|species = schachtii
|authority = Markgr.
|synonyms = None known
|synonyms_ref = {{cite web |title=Iris schachtii Markgr. is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322356 |publisher=theplantlist.org (The Plant List) |access-date=10 December 2015}}
}}
Iris schachtii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Anatolia, in Turkey. It has small, thin grey-green leaves, a short stem with 1–3 branches, which are normally, covered with a green leaf with purple staining. It has 2 or more fragrant flowers in late spring (normally between May and June), which come in shades of yellow or purple, or violet and yellow, (from greenish yellow, mid-yellow, yellow, white, off-white to yellow/brown bi-tones). It has a yellow or white with yellow-tips beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but prefers regions with dry, hot summers.
Description
Similar in form to Iris attica,{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii (purple form) |date=10 August 2015 |url=http://www.blackhalls.co.uk/shop/iris-schachtii-purple-form/ |publisher=blackhalls.co.uk |access-date=15 January 2016}} or Iris imbricata.Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner {{Google books|08KbBQAAQBAJ|Flora of the Silk Road: The Complete Illustrated Guide|page=181}}{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E. |last2=Linnegar |first2=Sidney |date=1987 |edition=Revised |title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=0-88192-089-4}}{{rp|63}} It may also be related to Iris taochia but it is smaller, with different leaves.{{cite web |first=Terry |last=Laurin |title=(SPEC) Iris schachtii Markgraf |date=8 October 2014 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecSchachtii |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society) |access-date=10 December 2015}}
It has nodular, fibrous and well branched rhizomes.British Iris Society (1997){{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=51}}{{cite web |title=Chapter I Rhizomatous Iris (Part 3) |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-i-les-iris-rhizomateux-partie-3-123788279.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |language=fr |access-date=15 January 2016}} That creep across the soil to create small clumps of plants.{{cite book | first1=Roger | last1=Phillips | first2=Martyn | last2=Rix | title=Perennials Vol. 1 | page=189 | year=1991 | publisher=Pan Books Ltd. | isbn=9780330327749}}{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii |url=http://www.wrightmanalpines.com/plant/iris-schachtii |publisher=wrightmanalpines.com |access-date=10 December 2015}}
It has small, thin leaves, with are narrow.{{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris mandshurica |date=5 September 2004 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-shachtii |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |access-date=10 December 2015}}
The herbaceous, or semi-herbaceous leaves, are grey-green,{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii |url=http://www.rareplants.co.uk/product/iris-schachtii/ |publisher=rareplants.co.uk |access-date=10 December 2015}} glaucous, and can grow up to {{convert|22|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, and between 1.5 cm wide. They are ensiform (sword shaped), crescent-shaped,{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii |url=http://www.floramontana.de/pflanzen/h-k/detail/iris-schachtii.html |language=de |publisher=floramontana.de |access-date=15 January 2016}} or lanceolate (lance-shaped).{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}} They have parallel venation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}}
It has a short stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between {{convert|10|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |access-date=23 November 2014}}{{cite web |title=An Iris mark in Spain |date=21 January 2015 |url=http://irismarken.blogspot.com/2015/01/iris-schachtii.html |publisher=irismarken.blogspot.com |language=da |access-date=15 January 2016}} It has 1–3 short branches,{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Waters |title=A Hybridizer's Guide to Bearded Species |date=October 2010 |url=http://www.telp.com/irises/species.htm |publisher=telp.com |access-date=26 September 2015}} which can be hidden by the bracts.
The stem has a short, semi-sheathing leaf, and 1 stem leaf, the branches have partially inflated spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are {{convert|2.5|-|5.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, and generally green with purple staining. They are transparent or membranous on the edges.
The stems (and the 3 branches) hold several flowers, between 1 and 3, but normally 2 or more. In spring,{{rp|120}}{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii |url=http://hillviewrareplants.com.au/plant/iris-schachtii |publisher=hillviewrareplants.com.au |access-date=10 December 2015}} in April, or between May and June.{{cite web |title= Iris schachtii |url=http://www.ibreliler.com/tubives/bitki-09341-iridaceae-iris-schachtii-markgraf.html |language=tr |publisher=ibreliler |access-date=15 January 2016}} The flowers normally open in a sequence.
The large flowers, are {{convert|5|-|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter, come in shades of yellow or purple, or violet and yellow. Including greenish yellow,{{rp|120}} mid-yellow, yellow, white, off-white and yellow/brown bi-tones. The fragranced flowers, are similar in form to Iris germanica flowers. Like other irises, Iris schachtii has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}{{rp|17}} The dark veined, or brown veined, falls are obovate or obtuse shaped, up to {{convert|4.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 2.5 cm wide. In the middle of the falls, is a row of short hairs called the 'beard', which is yellow, or white with yellow-tips. It often is similar to the petal colour. It has broadly elliptic-obtuse shaped standards, that narrow abruptly, they are similar in shape to nautilus shells.
It has a broad, smooth and 1.5 cm long ovary and a perianth tube that is 1.5–3 cm long.
After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule that has not been described.
=Biochemistry=
In 1989, a karyological study was carried out on 4 iris species in Turkey; including Iris junonia Schott et Kotschy ex Schott, Iris purpureobractea B. Matthew et T.Baytop, Iris taochia Woronow ex Grossh., and Iris schachtii. It found the chromosome counts of the iris species. The chromosome count of 2n=48.{{cite journal |last=Koca |first=F. |date=1989 |title=Karyological studies on four endemic iris spp section iris in Turkey |url=http://eurekamag.com/research/007/498/007498204.php |journal=Istanbul Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Mecmuasi |volume=25 |pages=1–16 |access-date=24 November 2015}}
In 2014, a new technique of in vitro plant tissue culture was carried out on Iris sari and Iris schachtii.{{cite journal |last1=Uzun |first1=Satı |last2=İlbaş |first2=Ali İrfan |last3= İpek |first3=Arif |last4=Arslan |first4=Neşet |last5=Barpete |first5=Surendra |date=2014 |title=Efficient in vitro plant regeneration from immature embryos of endemic Iris sari and I. schachtii |journal= Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry|publisher=Tubitak |volume=38 |pages=348–353 |doi=10.3906/tar-1306-47 |doi-access=free }}
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings,{{rp|18}} but Iris schachtii is a tetraploid, with a count of 2n=48, by Koca, 1989.
Taxonomy
It is commonly known as 'prairie iris' in Turkey.{{cite web |title=Arid and barren garden |url=http://www.ngbb.org.tr/tr/2-galeri-1/detail/80-crocus-sativus?tmpl=component |language=tr |publisher=ngbb.org.tr |access-date=15 January 2016}}
The Latin specific epithet of schachtii refers to Wilhelm Schacht (1903–2001), alpine gardener and plant collector for the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg.F. Markgraf. in Die Gartenbauwissenschaft. 1957. Volume 22.pages 550–551.obituary. in Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der heimischen Flora. Munich. volume 71. pages 173–175.[http://www.bbgev.de/berichte/071_2001/nachruf_wilhelm_schacht.pdf]
It was first published and described by Friedrich Markgraf in 'Gartenbauwissenschaft' (Gartenbauw) in Vol.22 on page 550 in 1957.{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris schachtii Markgr. |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=439073-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |access-date=10 December 2015}}{{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris schachtii Markgr. |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?428605 |publisher=ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network) |access-date=10 December 2015}}
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 3 December 2004.
It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii |url=http://eol.org/pages/5866974/overview |publisher=eol.org |access-date=10 December 2015}}
Iris schachtii is an accepted name by the RHS and was last listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2014.{{cite web|title=Iris schachtii |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9354/Iris-schachtii/Details |publisher=rhs.org.uk |access-date=10 December 2015}}
Distribution and habitat
It is native to temperate Asia.
=Range=
Found in central Anatolia, from the plateau east of Ankara,{{rp|120}} and between Kayseri and Malatya, of Turkey. Including being found near Salt Lake.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}}
One source mentions the range goes as far as the Balkans.
=Habitat=
==Synecology==
On the steppes near Ankara, it grows with Beypazari milkvetch (Astragalus beypazaricus), dark blue bottle (Centaurea depressa), and steppe thyme (Thymus sipyleus).
Conservation
Iris sari and Iris schachtii are assessed as 'least concern' (LC) in the Red Data Book of Turkish Plants, due to the widespread population.{{cite web |title=Iris schachtii |language=tr |url=http://tehditaltindabitkiler.org.tr/v2/index.php?sayfa=detay&id=OTM0MQ== |publisher=tehditaltindabitkiler.org.tr |access-date=15 January 2016}}
Although, this assessment could be changed due to the amount of plants being collected from the wild, for ornamental plants.
Cultivation
Like the other species from Turkey Ii. junonia and purpureobractea, this is a relative newcomer to cultivation.
It is hardy, standing temperatures down to −20oC.
It prefers to grow in well drained, limestone soils, in full sun. Preferring dry, hot summers.
It can be grown in a rock garden, alpine garden or trough.
In the UK, it is best grown in bulb frame.{{rp|120}}
=Propagation=
Irises can generally be propagated by division,{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |access-date=12 October 2015}} or by seed growing.
=Hybrids and cultivars=
No known hybrids are found, but it has the potential to create fertile offspring when crossed with Iris pumila and regelia section irises.
Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Sources
- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965–1988 (F Turk)
- Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 34–35.
External links
- [http://www.ibotky.cz/en/fotogalerie/17/5430-iris-schachtii.html Has a photo of the yellow iris]
- [http://skalnicky-rostliny.blog.cz/galerie/zahrada-2012/obrazek/82844599 Another photo of the pale yellow iris]
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris schachtii}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15572498}}
Category:Plants described in 1957