Irish pound#Replacement with the euro

{{See also|Coins of Ireland}}

File:62cdd2f7394d34.03999185-original.jpg of 1744 with harp, crown and legend "Hibernia"]]

The earliest Irish coinage was introduced in the late 10th century,{{Cite web |title=950–1450: Vikings, Normans and Medieval Mints |url=https://www.museum.ie/en-IE/Collections-Research/Art-and-Industry-Collections/Art-Industry-Collections-List/Numismatics/Airgead-A-Thousand-Years-of-Irish-Coins-Currency/950-1450-Vikings,-Normans-and-Medieval-Mints |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=National Museum of Ireland |language=en}} with an £sd system of one pound divided into twenty shillings, each of twelve silver pence.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Parity with sterling was established by King John around 1210, so that Irish silver could move freely into the English economy and help to finance his wars in France.{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcoinage.com/HAMMERED.HTM |title=Irish Hammered Coinage (~995 to ~1660) |access-date=11 September 2016}} However, from 1460, Irish coins were minted with a different silver content than those of England,{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} so that the values of the two currencies diverged.

During the Williamite War of 1689–1691, King James II, no longer reigning in England and Scotland, issued an emergency base-metal coinage known as gun money.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

In 1701, a proclamation stated one English shilling was equal to 1s. 1d. in Irish, making it possible for Irish copper coins to circulate with English silver coins. In 1737, the gold guinea coin was fixed at 21s. English or 22/9 Irish (i.e. 252 pence and 273 pence respectively). This effectively pegged the Irish pound to the English at a ratio of 13:12 in both gold and silver, i.e. an Irish pound was worth {{frac|12|13}} of an English pound.{{cite book |title=The Irish Pound, 1797-1826: A Reprint of the Report of the Committee of 1804 of the House of Commons on the Condition of the Irish Currency |orig-date=2005 |date=2013 |location=Hoboken |publisher=Taylor and Francis |editor=Frank Whitson Fetter |isbn=9781136611070 |oclc=869091365}}

(The Pound Scots had yet another value; it was absorbed into sterling in 1707 at a ratio of 12 to 1.)

In 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland became part of the United Kingdom, but the Irish pound continued to circulate until January 1826. Between 1804 and 1813, silver tokens worth 10d were issued by the Bank of Ireland and were denominated in pence Irish.{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcoinage.com/J00078.HTM |title=Bank of Ireland – Ten Pence Token – 1805 |access-date=11 September 2016}} The last copper coins of the Irish pound were minted in 1823, and in 1826 the Irish pound was merged with the pound sterling.{{cite book |last=Pulling |first=Alexander |title=Coin |chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hl562h;view=1up;seq=166 |edition=2nd |series=The statutory rules and orders revised, being the statutory rules and orders (other than those of a local, personal, or temporary character) in force on December 31, 1903 |volume=2 |year=1904 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |pages=8–9 |chapter=Proclamation, dated December 20, 1825, assimilating the Gold and Silver Coinages in Great Britain and Ireland.}} After 1826, some Irish banks continued to issue paper currency, but these were denominated in sterling, and no more distinctly Irish coins were minted until the creation of the Irish Free State in the 20th century.

From continuing to use sterling after its independence (1922), the new Irish Free State ({{langx|ga|Saorstát Éireann}}) introduced its own currency from 1928.The relevant enabling Acts were the [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1926/en/act/pub/0014/print.html Coinage Act, 1926] and the [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1927/en/act/pub/0032/print.html Currency Act, 1927]. The new Free State pound was defined by the 1927 Act to have exactly the same weight and fineness of gold as did the sovereign at the time, having the effect of making the new currency pegged at 1:1 with sterling. {{lang|la|De facto}} rather than {{lang|la|de jure}} parity with sterling was maintained for another fifty years. As with sterling, the £sd system was used, with the Irish names {{lang|ga|punt}} (plural: {{lang|ga|puint}}), {{lang|ga|scilling}} (plural: {{lang|ga|scillingí}}) and {{lang|ga|pingin}} (plural: {{lang|ga|pinginí}}). Distinctive coins and notes were introduced, the coins from 1928 (in eight denominations: farthing (Irish coin), halfpenny (Irish pre-decimal coin), 1d, 3d, 6d, shilling (1/–), florin (2/–), half crown (2/6) and in 1966 a 10/– coin, a commemorative piece not meant for circulation){{snd}} all but the 3d and 6d had the same dimensions as their British counterparts, the Irish coins being thicker nickel coins in contrast to the thin silver ones issued in the UK. However, sterling specie generally continued to be accepted on a one-for-one basis everywhere, whereas Irish coin was not generally accepted in the United Kingdom, except in parts of Northern Ireland.{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30035026.html|title=Euro becomes third currency in border town|date=1 January 2002|website=Irish Examiner}}

The name of the state was officially changed to "Ireland" (Irish: {{lang|ga|Éire}}) on the coming into force of the Constitution of Ireland on 29 December 1937. On 10 May 1938, the name of the currency became the Irish pound.{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1938/sro/102/made/en/print|title=Currency Act 1927, Adaptation Order 1938|date=10 May 1938|access-date=18 July 2020|website=Irish Statute Book}}

The Report of the Metric System and Decimal Coinage Committee (1959) was amongst the first formal reports on decimalisation of the currency, discussion continued into the 1960s on the topic. When the British government decided to decimalise its currency, the Irish government followed suit. The Decimal Currency Act 1969 replaced the traditional shilling and penny with a centesimal subdivision, the "new penny" ({{lang|ga|pingin nua}}; symbol: p). The pound itself was not revalued by this act and therefore banknotes were unaffected, although the 10/– note was replaced by a 50p coin due to spiralling inflation. The new 5p coin correlated with the shilling coin, and the new 10p coin correlated with the florin coin. New coins were issued of the same dimensions and materials as the corresponding new British coins.{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1969/act/23/enacted/en/html|title=Decimal Currency Act 1969|date=30 July 1969|access-date=18 July 2020|website=Irish Statute Book}} The Decimal Currency Act 1970 made additional provisions for the changeover not related with the issue of coins.{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1970/act/21/enacted/en/html|title=Decimal Currency Act 1970|date=23 December 1970|access-date=18 July 2020|website=Irish Statute Book}}

Decimalisation was overseen by the Irish Decimal Currency Board, created on 12 June 1968. It provided changeover information to the public, including a pamphlet called Everyone's Guide to Decimal Currency. The changeover occurred on Decimal Day, 15 February 1971.

The European Monetary System was introduced in the 1970s. Ireland decided to join it in 1978, while the United Kingdom stayed out.Mr. Hegarty in the Dáil: "With regard to our entry into the EMS we are glibly assuming that the Irish £ will appreciate against sterling on our entry. On reading a paper this morning I noticed that the opposite is true. In the first market opened by Barclays the Irish £ depreciated". [http://www.cvce.eu/obj/debates_at_the_irish_parliament_ireland_s_on_participation_in_the_european_monetary_system_13_december_1978-en-fef54719-5b44-4f7f-bde8-ed209883b9dd.html Debates at the Irish Parliament Ireland's on participation in the European Monetary System (13 December 1978)]

The European Exchange Rate Mechanism finally broke the one-for-one link that existed between the Irish pound and the pound sterling; by 30 March 1979 an exchange rate was introduced."It was only in 1978, when beckoned to join the EMS, a Franco-German project for a new zone of monetary stability in Europe, that the Irish government decided to make the change. At first there was some hope that it would prove possible to hold the Irish pound’s value at one pound sterling while still respecting the fluctuation limits in the EMS, despite the fact that Britain had not joined the new exchange-rate mechanism. But the strength of sterling in the early months of the EMS, buoyed up as it was by North Sea oil revenues and by the tight monetary policy of the Thatcher administration, put paid to that hope. It is arguable that a continuation of the sterling link into the early 1980s would have proved politically unsupportable, considering the loss of competitiveness that it might have entailed at a time of rapidly growing unemployment associated with the fiscal adjustment of those years". "Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture", Vol. 1, James Donnelly ed., Macmillan Thomson Gale (2002)

This period also saw the creation of the Currency Centre at Sandyford in 1978, where banknotes and coinage could be manufactured within the state. Before this, banknotes were printed by specialist commercial printers in England, and coins were struck by the British Royal Mint.

File:DEM_to_IEP.svg to the Irish pound (1979–99), showing a steady decline in the punt's exchange rate over most of the period.]]

Until 1986, all decimal Irish coins were the same shape and size as their UK counterparts. After this, however, all new denominations or redesigned coins were of different sizes to the UK coinage. The new 20p coin introduced that year and the £1 coin (introduced in 1990) were completely different in size, shape and composition from the previously introduced UK versions. When the UK 5p and 10p coins were reduced in size, the Irish followed suit, but the new Irish 10p was smaller than the new UK version introduced in 1992 and the new Irish 5p was slightly larger than the UK version introduced in 1990. The Irish 50p was never reduced in size (as it was in the UK in 1997).

Despite not being legal tender, British sterling coins of the same shape and size were customarily accepted in Ireland. At time of the replacement with the euro, these were the 1p, 2p and 5p (although it was not exactly the same as the British 5p).{{cite web | url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/select_committee_on_finance_and_the_public_service/1998-06-24/2/?highlight%5B0%5D=sterling&highlight%5B1%5D=coins | title=SELECT COMMITTEE ON FINANCE AND THE PUBLIC SERVICE debate - Wednesday, 24 Jun 1998 }}

On 31 December 1998, the exchange rates between the European Currency Unit and the Irish pound and 10 other EMS currencies (all but the pound sterling, the Swedish krona and the Danish krone) were fixed. The fixed conversion factor for the Irish pound was EUR{{nbsp}}1.00 = IEP{{nbsp}}0.787564. Of the 15 national currencies originally tied to the euro (including the currencies of Vatican City, Monaco and San Marino), the Irish pound was the only one whose conversion factor was less than 1, i.e. the unit of the national currency was worth more than one euro{{snd}}almost EUR{{nbsp}}1.27 in this case.

File:Euro_Changeover_Board_of_Ireland_calculator_1.jpg

Although the euro became the currency of the eurozone countries including Ireland on 1 January 1999, it was not until 1 January 2002 that the state began to withdraw Irish pound coins and notes, replacing them with euro notes and coins. All other eurozone countries withdrew their currencies in a similar fashion, from that date. Irish pound coins and notes ceased to be legal tender on 9 February 2002.{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2001/si/313/made/en/print |title=Irish Pound Notes and Coins (Cessation of Legal Tender Status) Order 2001 |access-date=11 September 2016}} All Irish coins and banknotes, from the start of the Irish Free State onwards, both decimal and pre-decimal, may be redeemed for euros at Ireland's Central Bank in Dublin.

{{Portal|Ireland|Money|Numismatics| European Union}}

• Banknotes of the Republic of Ireland
• Coins of the Republic of Ireland
• Commemorative coins of Ireland
• Irish euro coins
• Economy of the Republic of Ireland

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/a-guide-to-valuing-all-your-old-irish-coins-photos A guide to valuing all your old Irish coins]
• [http://www.irishpapermoney.com Irish banknotes]
• [http://www.irishcoinage.com/ Irish coinage website – history, images and catalogue.]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/spent_currencies/punt.stm Overview of Irish pound from the BBC]
• [http://www.centralbank.ie/paycurr/notescoin/history/documents/spring8.pdf The Irish Pound: From Origins to EMU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327173416/http://www.centralbank.ie/paycurr/notescoin/history/documents/spring8.pdf |date=27 March 2014 }} (734K PDF file, from Central Bank website).
• [http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Irland-B-En.htm Historical banknotes of Ireland] {{in lang|en|de}}

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