Iron March
{{Short description|Neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi web forum}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Iron March
| logo = Logo of Ironmarch.org.svg
| logo_alt =
| logo_size = 150
| url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20150206235913/http://ironmarch.org/ ironmarch.org (archived)]
| screenshot =
| screenshot_alt =
| caption =
| alexa =
| commercial = No
| type = Hate site{{efn|Right-wing extremism,{{cite journal |author-last=Upchurch |author-first=H. E. |date=22 December 2021 |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CTC-SENTINEL-102021.pdf |title=The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the "Skull Mask" Neo-Fascist Network |url-status=live |editor1-last=Cruickshank |editor1-first=Paul |editor2-last=Hummel |editor2-first=Kristina |journal=CTC Sentinel |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=27–37 |publisher=Combating Terrorism Center |location=West Point, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227044425/https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CTC-SENTINEL-102021.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} Neo-fascism, Neo-Nazism, Accelerationism, ONA Satanism, White supremacism, Holocaust denial}} and web forum
| language = English, with sub-forums in multiple languages
| registration =
| author = Alisher Mukhitdinov
| launch_date = 2011
| dissolved = November 2017
| current_status = Defunct
| revenue =
| predecessor = International Third Position Federation
| successor = Fascist Forge, Terrorgram
}}
Iron March was a far-right neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi web forum open from 2011 to 2017.{{cite magazine |last=Poulter |first=James |date=12 March 2018 |title=The Obscure Neo-Nazi Forum Linked to a Wave of Terror |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-obscure-neo-nazi-forum-linked-to-a-wave-of-terror/ |url-status=live |magazine=Vice |publisher=Vice Media |issn=1077-6788 |oclc=30856250 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609201802/https://www.vice.com/en/article/437pkd/the-obscure-neo-nazi-forum-linked-to-a-wave-of-terror |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}} The site attracted neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi members, including militants from organized far-right groups and members who would later go on to commit acts of terror. After the site closed, former users moved to alternative websites and social networking services, such as Discord. In 2019, an anonymous individual leaked the database that hosted all Iron March content.
History
Russian nationalist Alisher Mukhitdinov (who goes by the moniker "Alexander Slavros") founded the online message board Iron March in 2011.{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=Alexander Reid |author-link1=Alexander Reid Ross |last2=Bevensee |first2=Emmi |date=19 December 2019 |title=Transnational White Terror: Exposing Atomwaffen And The Iron March Networks |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2019/12/19/transnational-white-terror-exposing-atomwaffen-and-the-iron-march-networks/ |work=Bellingcat |access-date=1 July 2023}} Mukhitdinov is a Russian-Uzbek related to Nuritdin Mukhitdinov, a former communist leader of Uzbekistan.{{cite web |title=How a Moscow man from an Uzbek family started the world's biggest neo-Nazi forum |url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/02/04/how-a-moscow-man-from-an-uzbek-family-started-the-world-s-biggest-neo-nazi-forum |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Meduza |language=en}} Since the 2010s, the political ideology and religious worldview of the Order of Nine Angles (ONA), a theistic Satanist organization founded by the British Neo-Nazi leader David Myatt in 1974, have increasingly influenced militant neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi insurgent groups associated with right-wing extremist and White supremacist international networks, most notably the Iron March forum.
Iron March became a platform for militant neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi violent extremist organizations, including the Nordic Resistance Movement, National Action, Azov Battalion, CasaPound, and Golden Dawn. Some of the board's members were later linked to several acts of terrorism and murder, such as the murder of an anti-fascist in Helsinki in September 2016. A group consisting of Serbian Combat 18, "MC Srbi", and Atomwaffen Division also used the forum to traffic firearms.{{cite web | url=https://www.portalnovosti.com/fasisticka-braca |title=Fašistička braća (Fascist Brothers) | work=Novosti (Croatia) | date=November 15, 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://www.antihate.ca/canadian_soldier_with_ties_to_neo_nazi_terrorist_groups |title=Canadian Soldier With Ties To Neo-Nazi Terrorist Groups Arranged For Illegal Weapons Sale In Bosnia |work=Canadian Anti-Hate Network |date=14 November 2019}}{{cite news |title=Desničarske i neonacističke organizacije neometano ističu simbole u Prijedoru |url=https://detektor.ba/2020/05/12/desnicarske-i-neonacisticke-organizacije-neometano-isticu-simbole-u-prijedoru/ |work=BIRN Bosnia and Herzegovina |date=15 June 2020}} The forum's users organized a number of violent Neo-Nazi groups, including the Atomwaffen Division, Antipodean Resistance, and National Action. The userbase embraced the accelerationist ideology of James Mason, a Neo-Nazi militant and associate of Charles Manson. Members of Iron March republished and popularized Mason's book Siege and its brand of explicitly Neo-Nazi terrorism. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center:
{{Blockquote|text=[Iron March] became home base for those who were personally invested in Neo-Nazism, Fascism, and organized White extremism on a global scale. [...] through total immersion in Mason's teleology, now, they are challenging the established far-right and far-left with their eagerness to perpetrate violence.{{cite web |author=Hatewatch Staff |date=16 June 2020 |title=Atomwaffen and the SIEGE parallax: how one neo-Nazi's life's work is fueling a younger generation |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02/22/atomwaffen-and-siege-parallax-how-one-neo-nazi%E2%80%99s-life%E2%80%99s-work-fueling-younger-generation |url-status=live |website=www.splcenter.org |location=Montgomery, Alabama |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604055821/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02/22/atomwaffen-and-siege-parallax-how-one-neo-nazi%E2%80%99s-life%E2%80%99s-work-fueling-younger-generation |archive-date=4 June 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}}}}
In 2016, posters urging students to visit the Iron March website were posted on university campuses, including those of Boston University, Old Dominion University, and the University of Chicago. These posters included racist and antisemitic slogans, including "#Hitler Disapproves", "No Degeneracy, No Tolerance, Hail Victory", and "Black Lives Don't Matter".{{cite news |last=Farrell |first=Brian |title=Fascist, pro-Nazi flyers posted at Old Dominion University |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/norfolk/fascist-pro-nazi-flyers-posted-at-old-dominion-university/291-106854945 |work=13 News Now |date=28 March 2016}}{{cite news |last=Clauss |first=Kyle Scott |title=Neo-Nazi Posters Spotted on Boston University's Campus |url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2016/05/02/neo-nazi-posters-boston-university/ |work=Boston Magazine |date=2 May 2016}}{{cite news |last=Thorp |first=Adam |title=Militant Neo-Nazi Group Claims Credit for Hanging Hitler Portrait, Swastikas on Campus Building |url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2016/12/6/militant-neo-nazi-group-claims-credit-hanging-hitl/ |work=The Chicago Maroon |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731070855/https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2016/12/6/militant-neo-nazi-group-claims-credit-hanging-hitl/ |url-status=dead }}
The website closed in November 2017; the reasons for its closure remain unclear as of late 2019. According to an investigation conducted by BBC News Russian, it is suspected Mukhitdinov was pressured by the government of Russia for raising funds for the Ukrainian neo-Nazi Azov Battalion, which is considered a terrorist group in the Russian Federation.{{cite news |last=Soshnikov |first=Andrei |title="Наполовину русский": история москвича Алишера Мухитдинова и его глобальной фашистской сети |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-51301305 |url-status=live |work=BBC News Russian |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408111316/https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-51301305 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}} A spokesperson for the Azov Battalion refused to comment on the case.
In February 2018, Iron March-affiliated Discord servers alongside several other hate group servers were removed by the messaging service.{{cite news |last=Alexander |first=Julia |title=Discord is purging alt-right, white nationalist and hateful servers |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/2/28/17061774/discord-alt-right-atomwaffen-ban-centipede-central-nordic-resistance-movement |work=Polygon |date=28 February 2018}} In April 2018, a networking site called Fascist Forge was launched; according to a note by its founder, it was meant as a replacement for Iron March. The site continued Iron March's virulent propaganda and grew rapidly until February 2019, when the site was taken offline by its registrar.{{cite magazine |last=Lamoureux |first=Mack |date=15 February 2019 |title=Fascist Forge, the Online Neo-Nazi Recruitment Forum, Is Down |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/fascist-forge-the-online-neo-nazi-recruitment-forum-is-down/ |url-status=live |magazine=Vice |publisher=Vice Media |issn=1077-6788 |oclc=30856250 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507070135/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43zn8j/fascist-forge-the-online-neo-nazi-recruitment-forum-is-down |archive-date=7 May 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}} Terrorgram grew in large part from the defunct Iron March and Fascist Forge.Hughes, B., Jones, D., & Amarasingam, A. (2022). Ecofascism: An Examination of the Far-Right/Ecology Nexus in the Online Space. Terrorism and Political Violence, 34(5), 997–1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2022.2069932
Notable users
In February 2015, three people were arrested for planning to commit a mass shooting at a shopping mall in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on February 14 that year. One of the suspects, 23-year-old Lindsay Souvannarath of Illinois, was found to have been an active member of the Iron March forum, to have been the ex-girlfriend of Iron March founder "Slavros",{{cite podcast| last = Nighttime| title = The Story of Lindsay Souvannarath - 7 - Lindsay, the Internet, and Radicalization| series = Night Time Podcast| accessdate = 2022-02-11| url = https://www.nighttimepodcast.com/episodes/lindsay-souvannarath-7-radicalization}} and to have made many online posts in favor of neo-fascist or neo-Nazi ideologies.{{cite magazine |last=Lamoureux |first=Mack |date=21 February 2019 |title=The Woman Who Plotted a Valentine's Mass Murder Shares How the Internet Radicalized Her |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-woman-who-plotted-a-valentines-mass-murder-shares-how-the-internet-radicalized-her/ |url-status=live |magazine=Vice |publisher=Vice Media |issn=1077-6788 |oclc=30856250 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328064120/http://www.vice.com/en/article/eve54j/the-woman-who-plotted-a-valentines-mass-murder-shares-how-the-internet-radicalized-her |archive-date=28 March 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}}{{cite web |last=Neiwert |first=David |author-link=David Neiwert |date=18 February 2015 |title=Illinois Woman With Neo-Nazi Leanings Charged in Canadian Mass Murder Plot |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/02/18/illinois-woman-neo-nazi-leanings-charged-canadian-mass-murder-plot |url-status=live |website=www.splcenter.org |location=Montgomery, Alabama |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331060210/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/02/18/illinois-woman-neo-nazi-leanings-charged-canadian-mass-murder-plot |archive-date=31 March 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}}
File:Devon Arthurs.png Department of Homeland Security and Terrorism Risk Assessment.]]
Devon Arthurs, an Iron March user and member of the Atomwaffen Division (AWD), killed his two roommates, also members of AWD, in May 2017. Police found neo-Nazi literature, radioactive materials, a photograph of Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, and explosives in his home. Arthurs' remaining roommate and fellow Iron March user Brandon Russell was arrested in Tampa, Florida, for stockpiling of illegal weapons and bomb-making materials. Russell had been among Iron March's most prolific users, having written around 1,500 posts on the site.{{cite web |last1=Singer-Emery |first1=Jacques |last2=Bray III |first2=Rex |title=Lingua Ferro Iter: Insights Gained Through Linguistic Analysis of Iron March |url=https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/lingua-ferro-iter-insights-gained-through-linguistic-analysis-iron-march |publisher=Small Wars Journal |ref=SmallWars-Apr2020 |date=19 April 2020}}
As a result of the Iron March leak in 2019, it was discovered the Latvian national-conservative politician and activist Raivis Zeltīts had posted on Iron March under the handle "Latvian_Integralist". Zeltīts acknowledged in a Facebook post that he had written using this handle, but Zeltīts said that he no longer held those views.{{cite web |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/senior-national-alliance-figure-apologises-for-cloud-of-far-right-messages.a338044/ |title=Senior National Alliance figure apologises for "cloud" of far-right messages |date=12 November 2019 |publisher=Public Broadcasting of Latvia |accessdate=28 November 2019}} Zeltīts remained in contact with Iron March administrator Benjamin Raymond as late as 2015.{{Cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/de-facto-british-neo-nazi-visited-latvian-political-party-office.a339504/ |title=De Facto: British neo-Nazi visited Latvian political party office |date=25 November 2019 |publisher=Public Broadcasting of Latvia |access-date=28 November 2019}}
Zack Davies, 26, of Mold, North Wales, attacked a Sikh man with a machete and claw hammer while shouting "White Power". Davies inflicted life-threatening injuries; in the judge's view, the victim would have died had Davies not been stopped by passers-by. In 2015, a British court found Davies guilty and assigned him a life sentence (with a minimum tariff of 14 years).{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-north-east-wales-34218184 |title=Lee Rigby revenge attacker Zack Davies given life sentence |date=11 September 2015 |publisher=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505200139/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-north-east-wales-34218184 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=15 June 2020}} Davies had an Iron March account and was a member of the British terrorist group National Action, which was proscribed in 2016.{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Steven |date=15 June 2020 |title=Nazi-obsessed loner guilty of attempted murder of dentist in racist attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jun/25/zack-davies-racist-guilty-attempted-murder-dentist |url-status=live |work=The Guardian |issn=1756-3224 |oclc=60623878 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626151853/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jun/25/zack-davies-racist-guilty-attempted-murder-dentist |archive-date=26 June 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}}
Leaked database and effects
In November 2019, an unknown individual uploaded a database of Iron March users to the Internet Archive; multiple Neo-Nazi users, including an ICE detention center captain and several active members of the U.S. Armed Forces, were identified using information from the leak.{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jason |date=7 November 2019 |title=Leak from neo-Nazi site could identify hundreds of extremists worldwide |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/07/neo-nazi-site-iron-march-materials-leak |url-status=live |work=The Guardian |issn=1756-3224 |oclc=60623878 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518001346/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/07/neo-nazi-site-iron-march-materials-leak |archive-date=18 May 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ice-detention-center-captain-was-on-a-neo-nazi-website-and-wanted-to-start-a-white-nationalist-group/ |title=ICE Detention Center Captain Was on a Neo-Nazi Website and Wanted to Start a White Nationalist Group |date=15 June 2020 |publisher=Vice News}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ice-detention-center-captain-was-on-a-neo-nazi-website-and-wanted-to-start-a-white-nationalist-group/ |title=EXCLUSIVE: A U.S. Marine Used the Neo-Nazi Site Iron March to Recruit for a 'Racial Holy War' |date=15 June 2020 |publisher=Vice News}}
A variety of individuals and organizations used information from the leak:
- Journalistic outlets and anti-fascist groups used the information to reveal the identities of users of the site.{{cite news |last1=Losey |first1=Stephen |title=Airman accused of white nationalist ties loses stripe after investigation—but still in the Air Force |url=https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2019/11/12/airman-accused-of-white-nationalist-ties-loses-stripe-after-investigation-but-still-in-the-air-force/ |work=Air Force Times |date=13 November 2019}}
- The open-source journalism outlet Bellingcat and online magazine Small Wars Journal performed data analysis on the entire corpus to understand the online radicalization processes of the far-right.
- Brett Stevens, editor of the far-right site "Amerika.org", used contact information from the leak to contact former Iron March users and direct them to his website.{{cite news |last1=Reed |first1=Jason |title=The neo-Nazi data dump has been a boon to Nazi recruiters |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/iron-march-data-amerika-ult-right-brett-stevens/ |work=The Daily Dot |date=8 November 2019}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}