Isfara
{{for|the river|Isfara (river)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Isfara
| native_name = {{langx|tg|Исфара}}
| native_name_lang = tg
| other_name = {{langx|ru|Исфара}}
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| image_skyline = Isfara welcome cropped.jpg
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| image_caption = A sign welcoming travellers to Isfara
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| pushpin_map =Tajikistan
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| coordinates = {{coord|40|07|N|70|38|E|region:TJ|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Tajikistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = Region
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| subdivision_name1 = Sughd Region
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| established_title3 = Incorporated
| established_date3 = 1933
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| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Dilshod Rasulzoda
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| area_total_km2 = 832
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| elevation_m = 863
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| population_total = 274,000
| population_as_of = 2020
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| population_urban = 51,700
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| postal_code_type = Postcode
| postal_code = 735920
| blank1_name_sec2 = {{nowrap|Official languages}}
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{plainlist|
- Russian (Interethnic)
- Tajik (State){{cite web |title=КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН |url=http://prokuratura.tj/ru/legislation/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-tajikistan.html |website=prokuratura.tj |publisher=Parliament of Tajikistan |access-date=9 January 2020}}}}
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| website =http://isfara.tj
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Isfara ({{langx|tg|Исфара}}; {{langx|ru|Исфара}}) is a city in Sughd Region in northern Tajikistan, situated on the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city was the seat of the former Isfara District.
There are currently territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the area of Isfara Valley.{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/ |title=Central Asia :: Kyrgyzstan |author= |date=15 March 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=28 April 2020 }}
History
File:The siege and battle of Isfarah. Babur and his army assaults the fortress of Ibrāhīm Sārū.jpg and his army assaults the fortress of Ibrāhīm Sārū, during the Siege of Isfara.]]
The first author who mentions Esfara as a town, is Bābor. He praised the orchards and fruits of Isfara, especially its almonds. The 16th century saw the construction of large public buildings, notably mosques and medreseh. In the 18th century Isfara was the seat of the Khan of Ḵoqand whose wars with Bokhara resulted in the destruction of some historical monuments.{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/esfara|title=ESFARA – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=2019-12-09}}
Around 20 km south, in the village of Chorku, the mausoleum Hazrati Shoh Mausoleum, is carved from wood, partly dating back to the 8th century,p181 Middleton & Thomas, Tajikistan (Odyssey Guide) a structure that is unique in Central Asia.
Demographics
The population of Isfara is mostly Tajik.
| class=wikitable
!Year !! Population !! Type | ||
| 1989 | 34,500 | census |
| 2000 | 37,000 | census |
| 2008 | 40,600 | estimatePopulation in the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008 |
Geography
Isfara is situated near the border junction of three independent states Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, at a height of 863m above sea level. The river Isfara flows through the city. Its territory is 832 km2.
=Climate=
Typical for lowland Tajikistan, Isfara has a continental Mediterranean climate (Köppen Dsa) with hot, dry summers, chilly winters with significant precipitation, and pleasant springs with the year’s heaviest precipitation. The average temperature is {{convert|11.8|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} with the warmest month being July with an average temperature of {{convert|25|°C|°F|disp=or}} and the coldest month being January with an average temperature of {{convert|−2.7|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}. The average annual precipitation is {{convert|544.6|mm|in|2|disp=or}} and there are on average 74.3 days of precipitation.{{cite web|title=Weatherbase.com|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=605166&cityname=Isfara%2C+Viloyati+Sughd%2C+Tajikistan&units=metric|website=weatherbase.com|access-date=1 August 2014}}
{{Weather box|location = Isfara
|metric first = y
|single line = y
| Jan mean C = -2.7
| Feb mean C = -0.6
| Mar mean C = 6.2
| Apr mean C = 13.6
| May mean C = 18.3
| Jun mean C = 22.9
| Jul mean C = 25.0
| Aug mean C = 23.2
| Sep mean C = 18.4
| Oct mean C = 11.9
| Nov mean C = 5.4
| Dec mean C = 0.1
|year mean C = 11.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 56.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 62.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 89.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 83.8
|May precipitation mm = 68.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 18.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 10.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 3.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 5.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 43.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.4
|year precipitation mm = 544.6
|Jan humidity = 74.2
|Feb humidity = 72.3
|Mar humidity = 65.0
|Apr humidity = 58.6
|May humidity = 51.4
|Jun humidity = 40.5
|Jul humidity = 39.9
|Aug humidity = 43.0
|Sep humidity = 45.9
|Oct humidity = 55.9
|Nov humidity = 65.1
|Dec humidity = 73.2
|year humidity = 57.1
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.9
|Feb precipitation days = 8.5
|Mar precipitation days = 10.1
|Apr precipitation days = 9.7
|May precipitation days = 9.0
|Jun precipitation days = 4.3
|Jul precipitation days = 2.6
|Aug precipitation days = 1.5
|Sep precipitation days = 1.9
|Oct precipitation days = 5.3
|Nov precipitation days = 6.1
|Dec precipitation days = 7.4
|source 1 =
{{cite web
| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=603170&cityname=Uzgen-Kyrgyzstan
| title = The Climate of Karakol
| publisher = Weatherbase
| access-date =31 July 2014}}
}}
Subdivisions
Before ca. 2018, Isfara was the seat of Isfara District, which covered the same area as the present city of Isfara. The city of Isfara covers Isfara proper, three towns and nine jamoats. These are as follows:[http://untj.org/jambi-project/index.php/maps-statistics/demography Jamoat-level basic indicators], United Nations Development Programme in Tajikistan, accessed 3 October 2020
| class="wikitable" sortable" | |
| Jamoat | |
|---|---|
| Naftobod (town) | 4,300{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/65a709121baf8a64bf15d33f398aafde_1435736807.pdf |title=Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2015 |publisher=Statistics office of Tajikistan |access-date=3 October 2020 |language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702021130/http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/65a709121baf8a64bf15d33f398aafde_1435736807.pdf|archive-date=2 July 2015}} |
| Nurafshon (town) | 1,600 |
| Shurob (town) | 3,000 |
| Chilgazi | 15,997 |
| Chorku | 37,065 |
| Khonabad | 12,159 |
| Kulkand | 22,731 |
| Lakkon | 7,579 |
| Navgilem | 38,104 |
| Shahrak | 16,555 |
| Surkh | 14,456 |
| Vorukh | 30,506 |
Economy
Some 20 industrial companies in Isfara produce electrical equipment, chemical and metallurgical products, construction materials, food products and others.
Isfara is famous for its apricot orchards.{{Cite web|url=https://caravanistan.com/tajikistan/north/isfara/|title=Isfara: a travel guide|website=Caravanistan|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-09}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Commons}}
{{Largest cities of Tajikistan}}
{{Sughd}}
Category:Populated places in Sughd Region