Iskolat
{{expand Latvian|date=September 2023}}
{{No footnotes|date=July 2023}}
{{Main|History of Latvia|Diplomatic history of World War I#Three Baltic states}}{{Infobox former country
| image_flag = Iskolata karogs.svg
| motto = Workers of the world, unite!
| national_anthem = The Internationale
| capital = Cēsis
Valka (Later)
| status = Autonomy
| year_end = 1918
| year_start = 1917
| common_languages = Latvian
Russian
Latgalian
| title_leader = Chairman of Iskolat
| year_leader1 = 1917
| leader1 = Oto Kārkliņš
| year_leader2 = 1918
| leader2 = Fricis Roziņš
| event_start = Founded
| date_start = 30 July
| event1 = Second Congress
| date_event1 = 22 December
| event2 = Part of Soviet Russia
| date_event2 = 31 December
| event_end = Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
| date_end = 3 March
| p1 = Governorate of Livonia
| s1 = Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
| flag_p1 = Flag of the Liflandia Governorate.svg
| flag_p2 = Flag of the Courland Governorate.svg
| p2 = Courland Governorate
| flag_s1 = Flag of Latvian SSR 1919.svg
| today = Latvia
}}
Iskolat ({{langx|ru|Исколат}}, {{langx|lv|Iskolats}}), or formally the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and the Landless in Latvia{{efn|(Исполнительный комитет Совета рабочих, солдатских и безземельных депутатов Латвии)}}, was the governing body in the territory of Latvia that was under control of the pro-Communist Red Latvian Riflemen in 1917–1918.
History
During the Russian Revolution the Iskolat was established in Riga on 29–30 July 1917 O.S. (August 11 – 12, 1917, N.S.), at the initiative of the Central Committee of the Social Democratic Party, then controlled by the Bolsheviks with the purpose of carrying out the Bolshevik coup within the territory of Latvia not occupied by Germany. When Germans occupied Riga, the Iskolat moved to Cēsis and later to Valka, where it took power over the Valka district, disbanding the organs established by the Russian Provisional Government.
On December 17, 1917 the Congress of Soviets of Latvia convened in Valmiera and elected {{ill|Oto Kārkliņš|lv|Oto Kārkliņš}} as the chairman of Iskolat, who was later replaced by Fricis Roziņš in 1918.
Iskolat fled to Moscow after German forces occupied Latvia in February 1918 and was disbanded in March 1918.
Soviet historiography considers the Iskolat to have been the first Soviet government of sovereign Latvia between December 1917 and February 1918.
See also
Notes
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References
- [http://www.oval.ru/enc/30310.html "Iskolat"], Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- {{cite journal |last= Zile |first= Zigurds L. |year= 1977 |title= Legal Thought and the Formation of Law and Legal Institutions in the Socialist Soviet Republic of Latvia, 1917–1920 |journal= Journal of Baltic Studies |volume= 8 |issue= 3 |pages= 195–204 |url= http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=0162%2d9778&issue=3&spage=195&volume=8 | format = PDF |access-date= 2007-07-10 |doi= 10.1080/01629777700000191 |url-access= subscription }}
- {{cite book |last= Ezergailis |first= Andrew |author-link= Andrew Ezergailis|title= The Latvian Impact on the Bolshevik Revolution: The First Phase: September 1917 to April 1918 |series= East European Monographs no. 144 |year= 1983 |publisher= East European Monographs |location= Boulder |isbn= 978-0-88033-035-0 |oclc= 61541087 }}
- {{cite journal |last= Swain |first= Geoffrey |year= 1999 |title= The Disillusioning of the Revolution's Praetorian Guard: The Latvian Riflemen, Summer–Autumn 1918 |journal= Europe-Asia Studies |volume= 51 |issue= 4 |pages= 667–686 |url= http://openurl.ingenta.com/content?genre=article&issn=0966-8136&volume=51&issue=4&spage=667&epage=686 | format = PDF |access-date= 2007-07-10 |doi= 10.1080/09668139998840 |url-access= subscription }}
Category:Political history of Latvia
Category:1917 establishments in Latvia
Category:Early Soviet republics
Category:Former socialist republics
Category:Post–Russian Empire states
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