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Isotopes of thallium#Thallium-188

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox thallium isotopes}}

Thallium (81Tl) has 42 isotopes with atomic masses that range from 176 to 217. 203Tl and 205Tl are the only stable isotopes and 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope with a half-life of 3.78 years. 207Tl, with a half-life of 4.77 minutes, has the longest half-life of naturally occurring Tl radioisotopes. All isotopes of thallium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

Thallium-202 (half-life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron{{cite web|url=http://www.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/histories/0472/0472d.html|title=Thallium Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209165017/http://www.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/histories/0472/0472d.html |archive-date=2006-12-09 |publisher=Department of Energy|website=doe.gov|access-date=23 March 2018}} while thallium-204 (half-life 3.78 years) is made by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor.[http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes] from the International Atomic Energy Agency

In the fully ionized state, the isotope 205Tl81+ becomes beta-radioactive, undergoing bound-state β− decay to 205Pb81+ with a half-life of {{val|291|33|27|}} days,{{cite web|url=http://www.ca.infn.it/~oldeman/resneu/p1522_1.pdf |title=Bound-state beta decay of highly ionized atoms|access-date=June 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205727/http://www.ca.infn.it/~oldeman/resneu/p1522_1.pdf |archive-date=October 29, 2013 }}{{cite journal |last1=Bai |first1=M. |last2=Blaum |first2=K. |last3=Boev |first3=B. |last4=Bosch |first4=F. |last5=Brandau |first5=C. |last6=Cvetković |first6=V. |last7=Dickel |first7=T. |last8=Dillmann |first8=I. |last9=Dmytriiev |first9=D. |last10=Faestermann |first10=T. |last11=Forstner |first11=O. |last12=Franczak |first12=B. |last13=Geissel |first13=H. |last14=Gernhäuser |first14=R. |last15=Glorius |first15=J. |last16=Griffin |first16=C. J. |last17=Gumberidze |first17=A. |last18=Haettner |first18=E. |last19=Hillenbrand |first19=P.-M. |last20=Kienle |first20=P. |last21=Korten |first21=W. |last22=Kozhuharov |first22=Ch. |last23=Kuzminchuk |first23=N. |last24=Langanke |first24=K. |last25=Litvinov |first25=S. |last26=Menz |first26=E. |last27=Morgenroth |first27=T. |last28=Nociforo |first28=C. |last29=Nolden |first29=F. |last30=Pavićević |first30=M. K. |last31=Petridis |first31=N. |last32=Popp |first32=U. |last33=Purushothaman |first33=S. |last34=Reifarth |first34=R. |last35=Sanjari |first35=M. S. |last36=Scheidenberger |first36=C. |last37=Spillmann |first37=U. |last38=Steck |first38=M. |last39=Stöhlker |first39=Th. |last40=Tanaka |first40=Y. K. |last41=Trassinelli |first41=M. |last42=Trotsenko |first42=S. |last43=Varga |first43=L. |last44=Wang |first44=M. |last45=Weick |first45=H. |last46=Woods |first46=P. J. |last47=Yamaguchi |first47=T. |last48=Zhang |first48=Y. H. |last49=Zhao |first49=J. |last50=Zuber |first50=K. |title=Bound-State Beta Decay of 205Tl81+ Ions and the LOREX Project |collaboration=E121 Collaboration and LOREX Collaboration |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=2 December 2024 |volume=133 |issue=23 |pages=232701 |publisher=American Physical Society |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.232701 |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.232701|arxiv=2501.06029 }} but 203Tl remains stable.

205Tl is the decay product of bismuth-209, an isotope that was once thought to be stable but is now known to undergo alpha decay with an extremely long half-life of 2.01×1019 y.{{cite journal|last1 = Marcillac|first1 = P.|last2=Coron |first2=N. |last3=Dambier |first3=G. |last4=Leblanc |first4=J. |last5=Moalic |first5=J.-P. |date=2003 |display-authors=3 |title = Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth|journal = Nature|volume = 422|pages = 876–878|pmid=12712201|doi = 10.1038/nature01541|issue = 6934|bibcode = 2003Natur.422..876D|s2cid = 4415582}} 205Tl is at the end of the neptunium series decay chain.

Image:Decay Chain(4n+1, Neptunium Series).svg series decay chain, which ends at 205Tl.]]

List of isotopes

{{Anchor|Thallium-190m3|Thallium-218}}

{{Isotopes table

| symbol = Tl

| refs = NUBASE2020, AME2020 II

| notes = m, histname, unc(), mass#, exen#, hl#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, A, B+, B-, n, p, IT, EC, SF

}}

|-id=Thallium-176

| rowspan=2|176Tl{{cite web |last1=Al-Aqeel |first1=Muneerah Abdullah M |title=Decay Spectroscopy of the Thallium Isotopes 176,177Tl |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2447566201 |publisher=University of Liverpool |access-date=21 June 2023|id={{ProQuest|2447566201}} }}

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95

| rowspan=2|176.000628(89)

| rowspan=2|{{val|2.4|1.6|0.7|u=ms}}

| p (50%)

| 175Hg

| rowspan=2|(3−,4−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (50%)

| 172Au

|-id=Thallium-176m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 176mTl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 671 keV

| rowspan=2|{{val|290|200|80|u=μs}}

| p (50%)

| 175Hg

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (50%)

| 172mAu

|-id=Thallium-177

| rowspan=2|177Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96

| rowspan=2|176.996414(23)

| rowspan=2|18(5) ms

| α (73%)

| 173Au

| rowspan=2|(1/2+)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| p (27%)

| 176Hg

|-id=Thallium-177m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 177mTl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 807(18) keV

| rowspan=2|230(40) μs

| p (51%)

| 176Hg

| rowspan=2|(11/2−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (49%)

| 173Au

|-id=Thallium-178

| rowspan=3|178Tl

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 97

| rowspan=3|177.99505(11)#

| rowspan=3|255(9) ms

| α (62%)

| 174Au

| rowspan=3| (4-,5-)

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| β+ (38%)

| 178Hg

|-

| β+, SF (0.15%)

| (various)

|-id=Thallium-179

| rowspan=2|179Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98

| rowspan=2|178.991122(41)

| rowspan=2|437(9) ms

| α (60%)

| 175Au

| rowspan=2|1/2+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (40%)

| 179Hg

|-id=Thallium-179m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 825(10)# keV

| 1.41(2) ms

| α

| 175Au

| (11/2−)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-179m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 904.5(9) keV

| 119(14) ns

| IT

| 179Tl

| (9/2−)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-180

| rowspan=3|180Tl

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 99

| rowspan=3|179.989919(75)

| rowspan=3|1.09(1) s

| β+ (93%)

| 180Hg

| rowspan=3|(4-)

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| α (7%)

| 176Au

|-

| β+, SF (0.0032%)

| 100Ru, 80Kr{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mercury-serves-up-a-nuclear-su/|title=Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission|website=Scientific American |date=2010 |last=Reich |first=E. S. |access-date=12 May 2011}}

|-id=Thallium-181

| rowspan=2|181Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100

| rowspan=2|180.9862600(98)

| rowspan=2|2.9(1) s

| β+ (91.4%)

| 181Hg

| rowspan=2|1/2+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (8.6%)

| 177Au

|-id=Thallium-181m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 181mTl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 835.9(4) keV

| rowspan=2|1.40(3) ms

| IT (99.60%)

| 181Tl

| rowspan=2|(9/2−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.40%)

| 177Au

|-id=Thallium-182

| rowspan=3|182Tl

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 101

| rowspan=3|181.985693(13)

| rowspan=3|1.9(1) s

| β+ (<99.41%)

| 182Hg

| rowspan=3|(4−)

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| α (>0.49%)

| 178Au

|-

| β+, SF (<3.4{{e|-6}}%)

| 182Hg

|-id=Thallium-182m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182mTlOrder of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(50)# keV

| rowspan=2|3.1(10) s

| β+ (97.5%)

| 182Hg

| rowspan=2|(7+)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (2.5%)

| 178Au

|-id=Thallium-183

| rowspan=2|183Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102

| rowspan=2|182.982193(10)

| rowspan=2|6.9(7) s

| β+ (?%)

| 183Hg

| rowspan=2|1/2+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (?%)

| 179Au

|-id=Thallium-183m1

| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 183m1Tl

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 628.7(5) keV

| rowspan=3|53.3(3) ms

| IT (?%)

| 183Tl

| rowspan=3|(9/2−)

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| α (1.5%)

| 179Au

|-

| β+ (?%)

| 183Hg

|-id=Thallium-183m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 183m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 975.3(6) keV

| 1.48(10) μs

| IT

| 183Tl

| (13/2+)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-184

| rowspan=2|184Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103

| rowspan=2|183.981875(11)

| rowspan=2|9.5(2) s

| β+ (98.78%)

| 184Hg

| rowspan=2|2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (1.22%)

| 180Au

|-id=Thallium-184m1

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | −50(30) keV

| rowspan=2|10.6(5) s

| β+ (99.53%)

| 184Hg

| rowspan=2|(7+)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.47%)

| 180Au

|-id=Thallium-184m2

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 450(30) keV

| rowspan=2| 47.1(7) ms

| IT (99.91%)

|

| rowspan=2|(10−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.089%)

| 180Au

|-id=Thallium-185

| 185Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 104

| 184.978789(22)

| 19.5(5) s

| β+

| 185Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-

|-id=Thallium-185m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 185mTl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 454.8(15) keV

| rowspan=2|1.93(8) s

| IT

| 185Tl

| rowspan=2|9/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (?%)

| 181Au

|-id=Thallium-186

| rowspan=2|186Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105

| rowspan=2|185.978655(22)

| rowspan=2|3.5(5) s

| β+ (?%)

| 186Hg

| rowspan=2|(2−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (?%)

| 182Au

|-id=Thallium-186m1

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186m1Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20(40) keV

| rowspan=2|27.5(10) s

| β+ (99.99%)

| 186Hg

| rowspan=2|7+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.006%)

| 182Au

|-id=Thallium-186m2

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186m2Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 390(40) keV

| rowspan=2|3.40(9) s

| IT (<94.1%)

| 186Tl

| rowspan=2|10−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (>5.9%)

| 186Hg

|-id=Thallium-187

| 187Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 106

| 186.9759047(86)

| ~51 s

| β+

| 187Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-187m1

| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Tl

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 334(3) keV

| rowspan=3|15.60(12) s

| β+ (?%)

| 187Hg

| rowspan=3|9/2−

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| IT (?%)

| 187Tl

|-

| α (0.15%)

| 183Au

|-id=Thallium-187m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1875(50)# keV

| 1.11(7) μs

| IT

| 187Tl

|

|

|

|-id=Thallium-187m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 187m3Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2582.5(3) keV

| 693(38) ns

| IT

| 187Tl

| 29/2+#

|

|

|-id=Thallium-188

| 188Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 107

| 187.976021(32)

| 71(2) s

| β+

| 188Hg

| 2−#

|

|

|-id=Thallium-188m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 188m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30(30) keV

| 71.5(15) s

| β+

| 188Hg

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-188m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 188m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 299(30) keV

| 41(4) ms

| IT

| 188Tl

| 9−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-189

| 189Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| 188.9735735(90)

| 2.3(2) min

| β+

| 189Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-189m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 189mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 285(6) keV

| 1.4(1) min

| β+

| 189Hg

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-190

| 190Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 109

| 189.9738418(78)

| 2.6(3) min

| β+

| 190Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-190m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 190m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 70(7) keV

| 3.6(3) min

| β+

| 190Hg

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-190m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 190m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 306(10) keV

| 60# ms

| IT

| 190Tl

| (9−)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-191

| 191Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 110

| 190.9717841(79)

| 20# min

| β+

| 191Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-191m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 191mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 297(7) keV

| 5.22(16) min

| β+

| 191Hg

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-192

| 192Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 111

| 191.972225(34)

| 9.6(4) min

| β+

| 192Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-192m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 196(7) keV

| 10.8(2) min

| β+

| 192Hg

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-192m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 447(7) keV

| 296(5) ns

| IT

| 192Tl

| (8−)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-192m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m3Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 180(40) keV

|

| α

| 188Au

| (3+)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-193

| 193Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 112

| 192.9705020(72)

| 21.6(8) min

| β+

| 193Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-193m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 193mTl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 372(4) keV

| rowspan=2|2.11(15) min

| IT (~75%)

| 193Tl

| rowspan=2|9/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (~25%)

| 193Hg

|-id=Thallium-194

| 194Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 113

| 193.971081(15)

| 33.0(5) min

| β+

| 194Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-194m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 194mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 260(14) keV

| 32.8(2) min

| β+

| 194Hg

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-195

| 195Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 114

| 194.969774(12)

| 1.16(5) h

| β+

| 195Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-195m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 195mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 482.63(17) keV

| 3.6(4) s

| IT

| 195Tl

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-196

| 196Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 115

| 195.970481(13)

| 1.84(3) h

| β+

| 196Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-196m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 196mTl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 394.2(5) keV

| rowspan=2|1.41(2) h

| β+ (96.2%)

| 196Hg

| rowspan=2|7+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| IT (3.8%)

| 196Tl

|-id=Thallium-197

| 197Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 116

| 196.969560(15)

| 2.84(4) h

| β+

| 197Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-197m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 197mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 608.22(8) keV

| 540(10) ms

| IT

| 197Tl

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-198

| 198Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 117

| 197.9704467(81)

| 5.3(5) h

| β+

| 198Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-198m1

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 198m1Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 543.6(4) keV

| rowspan=2|1.87(3) h

| β+ (55.9%)

| 198Hg

| rowspan=2|7+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| IT (44.1%)

| 198Tl

|-id=Thallium-198m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 198m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 686.8(5) keV

| 150(40) ns

| IT

| 198Tl

| (5)+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-198m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 198m3Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 742.4(4) keV

| 32.1(10) ms

| IT

| 198Tl

| 10−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-199

| 199Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 118

| 198.969877(30)

| 7.42(8) h

| β+

| 199Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-199m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 199mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 748.87(6) keV

| 28.4(2) ms

| IT

| 199Tl

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-200

| 200Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 119

| 199.9709636(62)

| 26.1(1) h

| β+

| 200Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-200m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 200m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 753.60(24) keV

| 34.0(9) ms

| IT

| 200Tl

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-200m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 200m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 762.00(24) keV

| 397(17) ns

| IT

| 200Tl

| 5+

|

|

|-

| 201TlMain isotope used in scintigraphy

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 120

| 200.970820(15)

| 3.0421(8) d

| EC

| 201Hg

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-201m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 201mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 919.16(21) keV

| 2.01(7) ms

| IT

| 201Tl

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-202

| 202Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 121

| 201.9721089(20)

| 12.31(8) d

| EC

| 202Hg

| 2−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-202m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 202mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 950.19(10) keV

| 591(3) μs

| IT

| 202Tl

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-203

| 203Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 122

| 202.9723441(13)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 199Au

| 1/2+

| 0.29515(44)

|

|-id=Thallium-203m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 203m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1483.7(9) keV

| <1 μs

| IT

| 203Tl

| (9/2−)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-203m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 203m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3565(50)# keV

| 7.7(5) μs

| IT

| 203Tl

| (25/2+)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-204

| rowspan=2|204Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 123

| rowspan=2|203.9738634(12)

| rowspan=2|3.783(12) y

| β− (97.08%)

| 204Pb

| rowspan=2|2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| EC (2.92%)

| 204Hg

|-id=Thallium-204m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 204m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1104.1(2) keV

| 61.7(10) μs

| IT

| 204Tl

| 7+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-204m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 204m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2319.0(3) keV

| 2.6(2) μs

| IT

| 204Tl

| 12−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-204m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 204m3Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4391.6(5) keV

| 420(30) ns

| IT

| 204Tl

| 18+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-204m4

| style="text-indent:1em" | 204m4Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6239.4(5) keV

| 90(3) ns

| IT

| 204Tl

| 22−

|

|

|-id=Thallium-205

| 205TlFinal decay product of 4n+1 decay chain (the Neptunium series)

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 124

| 204.9744273(13)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 201Au{{refn|group="n"|Can undergo bound-state β− decay to 205Pb81+ with a half-life of {{val|291|33|27|}} days when fully ionized}}

| 1/2+

| 0.70485(44)

|

|-id=Thallium-205m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 205m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3290.61(17) keV

| 2.6(2) μs

| IT

| 205Tl

| 25/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-205m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 205m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4835.6(15) keV

| 235(10) ns

| IT

| 205Tl

| (35/2–)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-206

| 206Tl

| Radium E''

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 125

| 205.9761101(14)

| 4.202(11) min

| β−

| 206Pb

| 0−

| TraceIntermediate decay product of 238U

|

|-id=Thallium-206m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 206mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2643.10(18) keV

| 3.74(3) min

| IT

| 206Tl

| (12)–

|

|

|-id=Thallium-207

| 207Tl

| Actinium C''

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 126

| 206.9774186(58)

| 4.77(2) min

| β−

| 207Pb

| 1/2+

| TraceIntermediate decay product of 235U

|

|-id=Thallium-207m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 207mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1348.18(16) keV

| 1.33(11) s

| IT

| 207Tl

| 11/2–

|

|

|-id=Thallium-208

| 208Tl

| Thorium C"

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 127

| 207.9820180(20)

| 3.053(4) min

| β−

| 208Pb

| 5+

| TraceIntermediate decay product of 232Th

|

|-id=Thallium-208m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 208mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1807(1) keV

| 1.3(1) μs

| IT

| 208Tl

| (0–)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-209

| 209Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 128

| 208.9853517(66)

| 2.162(7) min

| β−

| 209Pb

| 1/2+

| TraceIntermediate decay product of 237Np

|

|-id=Thallium-209m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 209mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1228.1(20) keV

| 146(10) ns

| IT

| 209Tl

| 17/2+

|

|

|-id=Thallium-210

| rowspan=2|210Tl

| rowspan=2|Radium C″

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129

| rowspan=2|209.990073(12)

| rowspan=2|1.30(3) min

| β− (99.99%)

| 210Pb

| rowspan=2|5+#

| rowspan=2| Trace

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (0.009%)

| 209Pb

|-id=Thallium-210m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 210mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1200(200)# keV

| 1# min
[>3 μs]

|

|

| (9+,10+)

|

|

|-id=Thallium-211

| rowspan=2|211Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130

| rowspan=2|210.993475(45)

| rowspan=2|81(16) s

| β− (97.8%)

| 211Pb

| rowspan=2|1/2+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (2.2%)

| 210Pb

|-id=Thallium-211m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 211mTl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1244(100)# keV

| 580(80) ns

| IT

| 211Tl

| 17/2+#

|

|

|-id=Thallium-212

| rowspan=2|212Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 131

| rowspan=2|211.99834(22)#

| rowspan=2|31(8) s

| β− (98.2%)

| 212Pb

| rowspan=2|(5+)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (1.8%)

| 211Pb

|-id=Thallium-213

| rowspan=2|213Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 132

| rowspan=2|213.001915(29)

| rowspan=2|23.8(44) s

| β− (92.4%)

| 213Pb

| rowspan=2|1/2+#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (7.6%)

| 212Pb

|-id=Thallium-213m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 213m1Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 680(300)# keV

| 4.1(5) μs

| IT

| 213Tl

|

|

|

|-id=Thallium-213m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 213m2Tl

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1250(100)# keV

| 0.6(3) μs

| IT

| 213Tl

| 17/2+#

|

|

|-id=Thallium-214

| rowspan=2|214Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 133

| rowspan=2|214.00694(21)#

| rowspan=2|11.0(24) s

| β− (66%)

| 214Pb

| rowspan=2|5+#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (34%)

| 213Pb

|-id=Thallium-215

| rowspan=2|215Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 134

| rowspan=2|215.01077(32)#

| rowspan=2|9.7(38) s

| β− (95.4%)

| 215Pb

| rowspan=2|1/2+#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (4.6%)

| 214Pb

|-id=Thallium-216

| rowspan=2|216Tl

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 135

| rowspan=2|216.01596(32)#

| rowspan=2|5.9(33) s

| β− (>88.5%)

| 216Pb

| rowspan=2|5+#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (<11.5%)

| 215Pb

|-id=Thallium-217

| 217Tl

|

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| style="text-align:right" | 136

| 217.02003(43)#

| 2# s
[>300 ns]

|

|

| 1/2+#

|

|

{{Isotopes table/footer}}

Thallium-201

Thallium-201 (201Tl) is a synthetic radioisotope of thallium. It has a half-life of 73 hours and decays by electron capture, emitting X-rays (~70–80 keV), and photons of 135 and 167 keV in 10% total abundance.{{NUBASE 2003}} Thallium-201 is synthesized by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor,{{cite web|url = http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf|title = Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes|publisher = International Atomic Energy Agency|date = 2003|access-date = 2010-05-13|archive-date = 2011-05-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110521072530/http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf|url-status = live}} or by the 203Tl(p, 3n)201Pb nuclear reaction in cyclotrons, as 201Pb naturally decays to 201Tl afterwards.{{cite book | url = https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/trs465_web.pdf | title = Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Principles and Practice | publisher = International Atomic Energy Agency| year = 2008 | access-date = 2022-07-01 | isbn = 9789201002082}} It is a radiopharmaceutical, as it has good imaging characteristics without excessive patient radiation dose. It is the most popular isotope used for thallium nuclear cardiac stress tests.{{cite book|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CqQgnHrDxrUC&pg=PA173|chapter = Detection, Evaluation, and Risk Stratification of Coronary Artery Disease by Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy 155|first1 = Jamshid|last1 = Maddahi|first2 = Daniel|last2 = Berman|title = Cardiac SPECT imaging|edition = 2nd|publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|date = 2001|isbn = 978-0-7817-2007-6|pages = 155–178|access-date = 2016-09-26|archive-date = 2017-02-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170222122246/https://books.google.com/books?id=CqQgnHrDxrUC&pg=PA173|url-status = live}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Isotope masses from:
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • {{CIAAW2003}}
  • {{CIAAW 2005}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • {{NNDC}}
  • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

Category:Thallium

Thallium