Itaboraian

File:Itaboraí Basin.png find.]]

The Itaboraian ({{langx|pt|Itaboraiense}}) age is a period within the Early Eocene geologic time (53.0–50.0 Ma) epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Riochican and precedes the Casamayoran age.[https://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=737 Paleo Database: Itaboraian]

Etymology

This age is named after the Itaboraí Formation in the Itaboraí Basin in Itaboraí, a Greater Rio municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil not very far away from Niterói.

Formations

{{Location map+ | South America

| relief = 1

| width = 300

| caption = Locations of Itaboraian formations

| places =

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -22.1

| lon_deg = -41.6

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 14

| link = Itaboraí Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -5.5

| lon_deg = -78.6

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Chota Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 4.488444

| lon_deg = -74.135694

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Bogotá Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 11.089444

| lon_deg = -72.675278

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Cerrejón Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -45.3

| lon_deg = -67.0

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Koluel Kaike Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -26.1

| lon_deg = -65.4

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Maíz Gordo Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -15.7

| lon_deg = -70.2

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Muñani Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -4.1

| lon_deg = -80.9

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Mogollón Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -45.6

| lon_deg = -69.1

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Las Flores Formation, Austral Basin

}}

}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! Formation
{{small|bold is type}}

! Country

! Basin

! class=unsortable | Notes

Itaboraí Formation{{BRA}}Itaboraí Basin{{center|Oliveira & Goin, 2011}}
Bogotá Formation{{COL}}Altiplano Cundiboyacense{{center|Bayona et al., 2012, p.103}}
Cerrejón Formation{{COL}}Cesar-Ranchería Basin{{center|Jaramillo et al., 2007, p.168}}
Chota Formation{{PER}}Bagua Basin{{center|Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2Castro Medina, 2010, p.53}}
Koluel Kaike Formation{{ARG}}Golfo San Jorge Basin{{center|Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.251}}
Las Flores Formation{{ARG}}Golfo San Jorge Basin{{center|Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.249}}
Maíz Gordo Formation{{ARG}}Salta Basin{{center|Narváez, 2009, p.24}}
Mogollón Formation{{PER}}Talara & Tumbes Basins{{center|Quispe Alcalá, 2010, p.21}}
Muñani Formation{{PER}}Altiplano Basin{{center|Gelfo & Goin, 2011}}

{{clear}}

Fossils

class="wikitable sortable"

! Group

! Fossils

! Formation

! class=unsortable | Notes

rowspan=5 | MammalsAsmithwoodwardia scotti, Austropediomys marshalli, Bergqvistherium primigenia, Bobbschaefferia fluminensis, Camargomendesia pristina, Carodnia vieirai, Carolocoutoia ferigoloi, Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis, Colbertia magellanica, Derorhynchus singularis, Didelphopsis cabrerai, Eobrasilia coutoi, Epidolops ameghinoi, Gashternia carioca, Gaylordia macrocynodonta, Gaylordia mater, Guggenheimia brasiliensis, Guggenheimia crocheti, Homalostylops atavus, Itaboraidelphys camposi, Lamegoia conodonta, Marmosopsis juradoi, Miguelsoria parayirunhor, Minusculodelphis minimus, M. modicum, Mirandatherium alipioi, Monodelphopsis travassosi, Palaeocladosictis mosesi, Paranisolambda prodromus, Patene simpsoni, Periprotodidelphis bergqvistae, Procaroloameghinia pricei, Protodidelphis mastodontoides, P. vanzolinii, Protolipterna ellipsodontoides, Ricardocifellia protocenica, Riolestes capricornicus, Riostegotherium yanei, Tetragonostylops apthomasi, Victorlemoinea prototypica, Xenodelphis doelloi, Zeusdelphys complicatus, ?Arminiheringia sp., Henricosbornia sp., Australidelphia indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Didelphidae indet., Didolodontidae indet., Herpetotheriidae indet., Microbiotheriidae indet., Notoungulata indet., Paucituberculata indet., Pediomyidae indet., Peradectidae indet., Polydolopidae indet., Protodidelphidae indet.Itaboraí{{center|Oliveira et al., 2016
Carneiro et al., 2018Carneiro, 2018
De Oliveira & Goin, 2015
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=118314 São José de Itaboraí] at Fossilworks.org
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=38793 São José 700 m] at Fossilworks.org}}
Ernestokokenia yirunhor, Gashternia ctalehor, Henricosbornia waitehor, Seudenius cteronc, Shecenia ctirneru, ?Isotemnus ctalego, ?Peripantostylops orehor, ?Polydolops kamektsen, Kibenikhoria sp., Archaeopithecidae indet., Borhyaenidae indet., ?Litopterna indet., ?Notostylopidae indet.Koluel Kaike{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=14205 Cañadón Hondo] at Fossilworks.org}}
Anisolambda sp., Antepithecus sp., Asmithwoodwardia sp., Bardalestes sp., Bobbschaefferia sp., Camargomendesia sp., Carolopaulacoutoia sp., Colbertia sp., Derorhynchus sp., Didelphopsis sp., Epidolops sp., Ernestokokenia sp., Gashternia sp., Guggenheimia crocheti, Henricosbornia sp., Isotemnus sp., Itaboraitherium sp., Kibenikhoria sp., Marmosopsis sp., Mirandatherium sp., Monodelphopsis sp., Peripantostylops sp., Polydolops sp., Procaroloameghinia pricei, Protodidelphis sp., Shecenia sp., Trigonostylops sp., Victorlemoinea sp., Woodburnodon sp., Ceratodontidae indet., ?Patene indet.Las Flores{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=133040 Las Flores] at Fossilworks.org}}
Carodnia inexpectansMogollón{{center|Antoine et al., 2015[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=333772 Carodnia inexpectans] at Fossilworks.org}}
Chulpasia mattaueri, Peradectes austrinum, Perutherium altiplanense, Sillustania quechuense, Umayodus raimondi, Didelphidae indet., ?Didolodontidae indet., Notoungulata sp., Pediomyidae indet., Proteutheria indet.Muñani{{center|Gelfo & Sigé, 2011
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=132938 Laguna Umayo] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=28230 LURMU] at Fossilworks.org}}
rowspan=2 | BirdsDiogenornis fragilis, Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis, Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides, Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensisItaboraí{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39281 Diagenornis] at Fossilworks.org
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=207705 Itaboravis] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=181131 Paleopsilopterus] at Fossilworks.org}}
Latidae indet., Siluriformes indet., Tetragonopterinae indet.Muñani{{center|}}
rowspan=7 | Reptiles &
amphibians
Acherontisuchus guajiraensis, Anthracosuchus balrogus, Carbonemys cofrinii, Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, Cerrejonisuchus improcerus, Pelomedusoides sp., Puentemys mushaisaensis, Titanoboa cerrejonensisCerrejón{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=106271 La Puente Pit] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=296057 Anthracosuchus] at Fossilworks.org}}
?Madtsoia sp.Koluel Kaike{{center|}}
Notocaiman stromeriPeñas
Coloradas
{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=217254 Notocaiman stromeri] at Fossilworks.org}}
Bretesuchus bonaparteiMaíz Gordo{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157980 Bretesuchus] at Fossilworks.org}}
Apodops pricei, Coniophis cf. precedens, Corallus priscus, Hechtophis austrinus, Hoffstetterella brasiliensis, Itaboraiophis depressus, Madtsoia camposi, Paraungaliophis pricei, Paulacoutophis perplexus, Sahitisuchus fluminensis, Waincophis cameratus, Waincophis pressulus, Xenopus romeri, ? Russellophiidae indet.Itaboraí{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=48091 Itaboraí snakes] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=77193 Portland Quarry] at Fossilworks.org}}
Lorosuchus nodosus, Pelomedusoides cf. argentinensisRío Loro{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=58702 El Cadillal] at Fossilworks.org}}
cf. Coniophis sp., ?Roxochelys vilavilensis, Crocodylia indet., ?Leptodactylidae indet.Muñani{{center|}}
rowspan=2 | FishesDipnoi sp., Elopomorpha sp.Cerrejón{{center|}}
Lepidosiren cf. paradoxa, Ceratodus sp.Muñani{{center|}}
MolluscsBulimulus fazendicusItaboraí{{center|Salvador & Simone, 2013, p.7}}
rowspan=3 | FloraMenispina evidensBogotá{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=207537 Menispina evidens] at Fossilworks.org}}
Stephania palaeosudamericanaBogotá, Cerrejón{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=207535 Stephania palaeosudamericana] at Fossilworks.org}}
Malvaciphyllum macondicus, Petrocardium cerrejonense, Petrocardium wayuuorumCerrejón{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=134513 Cerrejón 0315] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=133598 Coalbeds 100] at Fossilworks.org}}

Correlations

class="wikitable" style="font-size: 70%"

|+ Itaboraian correlations in South America

FormationItaboraíLas FloresKoluel KaikeMaíz GordoMuñaniMogollónBogotáCerrejónYpresian (IUCS) • Wasatchian (NALMA)
Bumbanian (ALMA) • Mangaorapan (NZ)
BasinItaboraícolspan=2 | Golfo San JorgeSaltaAltiplano BasinTalara &
Tumbes
Altiplano
Cundiboyacense
Cesar-Rancheríaalign=center rowspan=11 | {{Location map+ | South America

| relief = 1

| width = 220

| float = center

| places =

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -22.1

| lon_deg = -41.6

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 14

| link = Itaboraí Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 4.488444

| lon_deg = -74.135694

| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Bogotá Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 11.089444

| lon_deg = -72.675278

| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Cerrejón Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -45.3

| lon_deg = -67.0

| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Koluel Kaike Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -26.1

| lon_deg = -65.4

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Maíz Gordo Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -15.7

| lon_deg = -70.2

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Muñani Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -4.1

| lon_deg = -80.9

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Mogollón Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -45.6

| lon_deg = -69.1

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Las Flores Formation, Austral Basin

}}

}}

{{small|Country}}{{small|{{BRA}}}}colspan=3 | {{small|{{ARG}}}}colspan=2 | {{small|{{PER}}}}colspan=2 | {{small|{{COL}}}}
Carodniaalign=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center |
Gashterniaalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |
Henricosborniaalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |
Victorlemoineaalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |
Polydolopimorphiaalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center | 14pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |
Birdsalign=center | 10pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center | 10pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |
Reptilesalign=center | 10pxalign=center |align=center | 10pxalign=center | 10pxalign=center | 10pxalign=center |align=center |align=center | 10px
Fishalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center | 10pxalign=center |align=center |align=center | 10px
Floraalign=center | 10pxalign=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center |align=center | 10pxalign=center | 10px
EnvironmentsAlluvial-lacustrinecolspan=2 | Alluvial-fluvialFluvio-lacustrineLacustrineFluvialcolspan=2 | Fluvio-deltaicrowspan=2 align=left | {{left|8px Itaboraian volcanoclastics}}
{{left|8px Itaboraian fauna}}
{{left|8px Itaboraian flora}}
Volcaniccolspan=2 |Yescolspan=5 |

References

{{reflist|20em}}

= Bibliography =

;Itaboraí Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Carneiro |first1=Leonardo M. |last2=Oliveira |first2=Édison V. |author3-link=Francisco Goin |last3=Goin |first3=Francisco J. |year=2018 |title=Austropediomys marshalli gen. et sp. nov., a new Pediomyoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Paleogene of Brazil: paleobiogeographic implications |url=http://www.sbpbrasil.org/assets/uploads/files/rbp2018203.pdf |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=120–131 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2018.2.03 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}
  • {{citation |last=Carneiro |first=Leonardo M. |year=2018 |title=A new protodidelphid (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) from the Itaboraí Basin and its implications for the evolution of the Protodidelphidae |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/2018nahead/0001-3765-aabc-201820180440.pdf |journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |volume=91 |issue=Suppl. 2 |pages=e20180440 |doi=10.1590/0001-3765201820180440 |accessdate=2019-02-11 |archive-date=2019-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130905/http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/2018nahead/0001-3765-aabc-201820180440.pdf |url-status=dead }}
  • {{citation |last1=Oliveira |first1=Édison Vicente |last2=Zimicz |first2=Natalia |author3-link=Francisco Goin |last3=Goin |first3=Francisco J. |year=2016 |title=Taxonomy, affinities, and paleobiology of the tiny metatherian mammal Minusculodelphis, from the early Eocene of South America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289586689 |journal=The Science of Nature |volume=103 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1007/s00114-015-1331-2 |pmid=26743194 |bibcode=2016SciNa.103....6O |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{citation |last1=De Oliveira |first1=Édison Vicente |author2-link=Francisco Goin |last2=Goin |first2=Francisco J. |year=2015 |title=A new species of Gaylordia Paula Couto (Mammalia, Metatheria) from Itaboraí, Brazil |url=http://www.ppegeo.igc.usp.br/index.php/rbp/article/view/10038/pdf |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=97–108 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2015.1.07 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{citation |last1=Oliveira |first1=Édison V. |author2-link=Francisco Goin |last2=Goin |first2=Francisco J. |year=2011 |title=A reassessment of Bunodont Metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaboraí (Brazil): systematics and age of the Itaboraian SALMA |url=http://www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/14_2/Artigo01.pdf |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=105–136 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2011.2.01 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{citation |last1=Salvador |first1=R.B. |last2=Simone |first2=L.R.L. |year=2013 |title=Taxonomic revision of the fossil pulmonate mollusks of Itaboraí Basin (Paleocene), Brazil |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paz/v53n2/v53n2a01.pdf |journal=Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=5–46 |accessdate=2017-10-01}}

;Bogotá Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Bloch |first1=Jonathan Ivan |author2-link=Edwin Cadena |last2=Cadena |first2=Edwin |last3=Hastings |first3=Alexander |last4=Rincón |first4=Aldo F. |author5-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |year=2008 |title=Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267637673 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting |pages=_ |accessdate=2017-03-29}}
  • {{citation |last=Guerrero Uscátegui |first=Alberto Lobo |year=1992 |title=Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana |publisher=Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros |pages=1–20 }}
  • {{citation |last1=Montoya Arenas |first1=Diana María |last2=Reyes Torres |first2=Germán Alfonso |year=2005 |title=Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–104 }}

;Cerrejón Formation

  • {{citation |last=Ayala Calvo |first=Rosa Carolina |year=2009 |title=Análisis tectonoestratigráfico y de procedencia en la Subcuenca de Cesar: Relación con los sistemas petroleros (MSc.) |url=http://www.cgares.org/Directorio/Archivos/6276_8%20tesis%20final_cayala.pdf.pdf |publisher=Universidad Simón Bolívar |pages=1–255 |accessdate=2017-06-14 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206014154/http://www.cgares.org/Directorio/Archivos/6276_8%20tesis%20final_cayala.pdf.pdf |url-status=dead }}
  • {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=Edwin A. |last2=Schweitzer |first2=Mary H. |year=2014 |title=A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278326486 |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=461–465 |doi=10.1670/13-046 |accessdate=2019-02-12 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}
  • {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=Edwin A. |last2=Ksepka |first2=Daniel T. |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Bloch |first4=Jonathan I. |year=2012a |title=New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/STRI-W_Jaramillo_2012_Cadena_carbonemys_cerrejon.pdf |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=313–331 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2011.569031 |bibcode=2012JSPal..10..313C |accessdate=2017-06-14 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}
  • {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=Edwin A. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos A. |year=2012b |title=New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/new-bothremydid-turtle-testudines-pleurodira-from-the-paleocene-of-northeastern-colombia/7648D30CCCD6BC3A50515E4B7AF31603 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=688–698 |doi=10.1666/11-128R1.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..688C |accessdate=2017-06-14 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}
  • {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=Edwin A. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos A. |year=2010 |title=New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1080/02724631003621946 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=367–382 |doi=10.1080/02724631003621946 |bibcode=2010JVPal..30..367C |accessdate=2017-06-14 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}
  • {{citation |last1=Hastings |first1=Alexander K. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos A. |year=2014 |title=A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Hasting_2014_anthracosuchus_Cerrejon.pdf |journal=Historical Biology |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=998–1020 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2014.918968 |bibcode=2015HBio...27..998H |accessdate=2017-06-14}}
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  • {{citation |last1=Head |first1=J.J. |last2=Bloch |first2=J.I. |last3=Hastings |first3=A.K. |last4=Bourque |first4=J.R. |author5-link=Edwin Cadena |last5=Cadena |first5=E.A. |last6=Herrera |first6=F.A. |last7=Polly |first7=P.D. |author8-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last8=Jaramillo |first8=C.A. |year=2009 |title=Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7230/abs/nature07671.html |journal=Nature |volume=457 |issue=7230 |pages=715–718 |doi=10.1038/nature07671 |pmid=19194448 |bibcode=2009Natur.457..715H |accessdate=2017-06-14}}
  • {{citation |last1=Herrera |first1=Fabiany A. |author2-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Carlos A. |last3=Dilcher |first3=David L. |last4=Wing |first4=Scott L. |last5=Gómez N |first5=Carolina |year=2008 |title=Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia |url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/95/12/1569 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=1569–1583 |doi=10.3732/ajb.0800172 |pmid=21628164 |accessdate=2017-06-14 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • {{citation |last=Hernández |first=Marina |year=2003 |title=Geología de la Plancha 48 La Jagua de Ibírico - 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–102}}
  • {{citation |last1=Jaramillo |first1=Carlos A. |last2=Bayona |first2=Germán |last3=Pardo Trujillo |first3=Andres |last4=Rueda |first4=Milton |last5=Torres |first5=Vladimir |last6=Harrington |first6=Guy J. |last7=Mora |first7=Germán |year=2007 |title=The palynology of the Cerrejón Formation (Upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia |url=http://palynology.geoscienceworld.org/content/gspalynol/31/1/153.full.pdf |journal=Palynology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=153–189 |doi=10.2113/gspalynol.31.1.153 |bibcode=2007Paly...31..153J |accessdate=2017-08-15 |author1-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) }}
  • {{citation |last1=Ojeda Marulanda |first1=Carolina |last2=Sánchez Quiñónez |first2=Carlos Alberto |year=2013 |title=Petrografía, petrología y análisis de procedencia de unidades paleógenas en las cuencas Cesar - Ranchería y Catatumbo |url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/boge/v35n1/v35n1a06.pdf |journal=Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander |volume=35 |pages=67–80 |accessdate=2017-06-14}}
  • {{citation |last1=Wing |first1=Scott L. |last2=Herrera |first2=Fabiany |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Gómez Navarro |first4=Carolina |last5=Wilf |first5=Peter |last6=Labandeira |first6=Conrad C. |year=2009 |title=Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=106 |issue=44 |pages=18627–18632 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0905130106 |doi-access=free |pmid=19833876 |pmc=2762419 |bibcode=2009PNAS..10618627W }}

;Chota Formation

  • {{citation |last=Castro Medina |first=Walter Fidel |year=2010 |title=Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas |url=http://iiap.org.pe/Archivos/publicaciones/PUBL521.pdf |publisher=Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) |pages=1–76 |accessdate=2018-09-04}}
  • {{citation |last1=Chacaltana |first1=César |last2=Benites Cañote |first2=Alexandra Lucytania |last3=Valdivia |first3=Waldir |last4=Chumpitaz |first4=Marco |year=2014 |title=La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281715230 |publisher=Congreso Peruano de Geología |pages=1–4 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Las Flores Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Goin |first1=F. J. |last2=Candela |first2=A.M. |last3=Abello |first3=M.A. |last4=Oliveira |first4=E.V. |year=2009 |title=Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227668001 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=155 |issue=4 |pages=867–884 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x |accessdate=2019-02-15 |author1-link=Francisco Goin }}
  • {{citation |last1=Raigemborn |first1=María Sol |last2=Krause |first2=Javier M. |last3=Bellosi |first3=Eduardo |last4=Matheos |first4=Sergio D. |year=2010 |title=Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n2/v67n2a08.pdf |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=67 |pages=239–256 |accessdate=2017-10-18}}
  • {{citation |last1=Ugalde |first1=Raúl |last2=Bostelmann |first2=Enrique |last3=Oyarzún |first3=José Luis |year=2013 |title=Stratigraphic review of the Las Flores Formation, Sierra Baguales, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264196606 |publisher=GeoSur Conference IV Viña del Mar |pages=355–358 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}

;Koluel Kaike Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Raigemborn |first1=María Sol |last2=Krause |first2=Javier M. |last3=Bellosi |first3=Eduardo |last4=Matheos |first4=Sergio D. |year=2010 |title=Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut |url=http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=67 |pages=239–256 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Maíz Gordo Formation

  • {{citation |last=Narváez |first=Paula Liliana |year=2009 |title=Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis) |url=http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/5502/narvaez-tesisd.pdf |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Salta |pages=1–229 |accessdate=2017-10-18}}

;Mogollón Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Antoine |first1=Pierre-Olivier |last2=Billet |first2=Guillaume |last3=Salas Gismondi |first3=Rodolfo |last4=Tejada Lara |first4=Julia |last5=Baby |first5=Patrice |last6=Brusset |first6=Stéphane |last7=Espurt |first7=Nicolas |year=2015 |title=A New Carodnia Simpson, 1935 (Mammalia, Xenungulata) from the Early Eocene of Northwestern Peru and a Phylogeny of Xenungulates at Species Level |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267271471 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=129–140 |doi=10.1007/s10914-014-9278-1 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{citation |last=Quispe Alcalá |first=David Ricardo |year=2010 |title=Evaluación Geológica de la Formación Mogollón en el Yacimiento Leones – Cuenca Talara (MSc. thesis) |url=http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/bitstream/uni/109/1/quispe_ad.pdf |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería |pages=1–87 |accessdate=2017-10-18 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206014154/http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/bitstream/uni/109/1/quispe_ad.pdf |url-status=dead }}

;Muñani Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Gelfo |first1=Javier N. |last2=Sigé |first2=Bernard |year=2011 |title=A new didolodontid mammal from the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene of Laguna Umayo, Peru |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100067.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=665–678 |doi=10.4202/app.2010.0067 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Peñas Coloradas Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Clyde |first1=William C. |last2=Wilf |first2=Peter |last3=Iglesias |first3=Ari |last4=Slingerland |first4=Rudy L. |last5=Bijl |first5=Peter K. |last6=Bralower |first6=Timothy J. |last7=Brinkhuis |first7=Henk |last8=Comer |first8=Emily |last9=Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, and María del Carmen Zamaloa |first9=Brian T. |year=2014 |title=New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations |url=https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf |journal=GSA Bulletin |volume=126 |issue=3–4 |pages=289–306 |doi=10.1130/B30915.1 |bibcode=2014GSAB..126..289C |accessdate=2017-08-15 |archive-date=2018-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810072654/https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}
  • {{citation |last1=Raigemborn |first1=María Sol |last2=Krause |first2=Javier M. |last3=Bellosi |first3=Eduardo |last4=Matheos |first4=Sergio D. |year=2010 |title=Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut |url=http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=67 |pages=239–256 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Río Loro Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Pol |first1=Diego |last2=Powell |first2=Jaime E. |year=2011 |title=A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=163 |pages=S7–S36|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00714.x }}

{{SALMA}}

Category:Paleocene South America

Category:Paleogene Brazil