Trigonostylops

{{Automatic Taxobox

| image = Trigonostylops skull.jpg

| image_caption = Skull restoration of Trigonostylops

| fossil_range = Late Paleocene-Late Eocene
(Riochican-Tinguirirican)
~{{Fossil range|58.7|33.9}}

| taxon = Trigonostylops

| authority = Ameghino 1897

| type_species = Trigonostylops wortmani

| type_species_authority = Ameghino 1897

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision =

T. gegenbauri {{small|Roth 1899}}
T. wortmani {{small|Ameghino 1897}}

}}

Trigonostylops is an extinct genus of South American meridiungulatan ungulate, from the Late Paleocene to Late Eocene (Itaboraian to Tinguirirican in the SALMA classification) of South America (Argentina and Peru) and Antarctica (Seymour Island). It is the only member of the family Trigonostylopidae.

Description

File:Trigonostylops reconstruction.jpg

A complete skull of the type species, T. wortmani, has been found, and it has been classified as an astrapothere based on its large lower incisors.{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D.|year=1999 |title=The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals |publisher=Marshall Editions |location=London |page=249 |isbn=978-1-84028-152-1}}

Phylogeny

Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015, showing the position of Trigonostylops:Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015

{{clade| style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%

|1=Eoastrapostylops

|2={{clade

|1=Trigonostylops

|2={{clade

|1=Tetragonostylops

|2={{clade

|1=Albertogaudrya

|2={{clade

|1=Scaglia

|2={{clade

|1=Astraponotus

|2={{clade

|1=Maddenia

|2={{clade

|1=Comahuetherium

|2={{clade

|1=Parastrapotherium

|2={{clade

|label1=Astrapotheriinae

|1={{clade

|1=Astrapotherium

|2=Astrapothericulus }}

|label2=Uruguaytheriinae

|2={{clade

|1=Uruguaytherium

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Hilarcotherium

|2=Xenastrapotherium }}

|2=Granastrapotherium }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

Distribution

{{Location map+ | South America

| relief = 1

| width = 270

| caption =
Locations of Trigonostylops fossils
10px Pozo Formation
10px Sarmiento Formation
10px Las Flores Formation
Not show: La Meseta Formation in Seymour Island, Antarctica

| places =

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -7.3

| lon_deg = -74.9

| mark = Gold pog.svg

| marksize = 12

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -46.7

| lon_deg = -67.1

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 12

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -45.6

| lon_deg = -69.1

| mark = Brown pog.svg

| marksize = 12

}}

Fossils of Trigonostylops have been found in:[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43458 Trigonostylops] at Fossilworks.org

;Paleocene

Las Flores Formation, ArgentinaGoin et al., 2009

;Eocene

La Meseta Formation, AntarcticaDzik & Gaździcki, 2001
Casamayor, Divisadero Largo, Koluel Kaike and Sarmiento Formations, ArgentinaVera, 2012Cifelli, 29185, p.5
Pozo Formation, PeruAntoine et al., 2011

References

= Bibliography =

{{cite journal |last1=Antoine |first1=P.O. |last2=Marivaux |first2=L. |last3=Croft |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |first3=D.A. |last4=Billet |first4=G. |last5=Ganerod |first5=M. |last6=Jaramillo |author6-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |first6=C. |last7=Martin |first7=T. |last8=Orliac |first8=M. |last9=Tejada |first9=J. |first10=A. J. |last10=Altamirano |first11=F. |last11=Duranthon |first12=G. |last12=Fanjat |first13=S. |last13=Rousse |first14=R. |last14=Salas Gismondi |year=2011 |title=Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51713935 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=279 |issue=1732 |pages=1319–1326 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.1732 |pmid=21993503 |s2cid=26368929 |accessdate=2019-02-14|pmc=3282368 }}
{{cite journal |last=Cifelli |first=R |year=1985 |title=Biostratigraphy of the Casamayoran, Early Eocene of Patagonia |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/5227/N2820.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=2820 |pages=1–26 |accessdate=2019-02-14}}
{{cite journal |last1=Dzik |first1=J. |last2=Gaździcki |first2=A. |year=2001 |title=The Eocene expansion of nautilids to high latitudes |url=http://www.biol.uw.edu.pl/ewolucja/ludzie/78.pdf |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=172 |issue=3–4 |pages=297–312 |doi=10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00304-2 |bibcode=2001PPP...172..297D |accessdate=2019-02-14}}
{{cite journal |last1=Goin |first1=F.J. |last2=Candela |first2=A.M. |last3=Abello |first3=M.A. |last4=Oliveira |first4=E.V. |year=2009 |title=Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227668001 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=155 |issue=4 |pages=867–884 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x |s2cid=84131123 |accessdate=2019-02-14|doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |last1=Vallejo Pareja |first1=M.C. |last2=Carrillo |first2=J.D. |last3=Moreno Bernal |first3=J.W. |last4=Pardo Jaramillo |first4=M. |last5=Rodríguez González |first5=D.F. |last6=Muñoz Duran |first6=J. |year=2015 |title=Hilarcotherium castanedaii, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/109178/2/Vallejo_Pareja_etal_SD-1.pdf |journal=Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.903960 |bibcode=2015JVPal..35E3960V |s2cid=130728894 |accessdate=2019-02-14}}
{{cite journal |last=Vera |first=B |year=2012 |title=Revisión del género Transpithecus Ameghino, 1901 (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) del Eoceno medio de Patagonia, Argentina |url=http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/viewFile/361/1059 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=49 |pages=60–74 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.v49i1(361) |s2cid=130102948 |accessdate=2019-02-14}}