Italian cruiser Liguria

{{main|Regioni-class cruiser}}

File:Regioni-class cruiser plan and profile.jpg

{{lang|it|Liguria}} was {{convert|84.8|m|sp=us|ftin}} long overall and had a beam of {{convert|12.03|m|abbr=on|ftin}} and a draft of {{convert|4.67|m|abbr=on|ftin}}. Specific displacement figures have not survived for individual members of the class, but they displaced {{cvt|2245|to|2689|LT|lk=on}} normally and {{convert|2411|to|3110|LT|sp=us}} at full load. The ships had a ram bow and a flush deck. Each vessel was fitted with a pair of pole masts. She had a crew of between 213 and 278.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}

Her propulsion system consisted of a pair of horizontal triple-expansion steam engines that drove two screw propellers. Steam was supplied by four cylindrical fire-tube boilers that were vented into two funnels.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}} On her speed trials, she reached a maximum of {{convert|18.1|kn|lk=in}} at {{convert|5536|ihp|lk=in}}.{{sfn|Notes on Ships and Torpedo Boats 1896|p=67}} The ship had a cruising radius of about {{convert|2100|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}

{{lang|it|Liguria}} was armed with a main battery of four QF 6 inch /40 naval gun L/40 guns mounted singly, with two side by side forward and two side by side aft. A secondary battery of six QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV L/40 guns were placed between them, with three on each broadside. Close-range defense against torpedo boats consisted of eight QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss guns two {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}} guns, and a pair of machine guns. She was also equipped with two {{cvt|450|mm|1}} torpedo tubes. {{lang|it|Liguria}} was protected by a {{cvt|50|mm|0}} thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}

File:Liguria towing Sterope.png

{{lang|it|Liguria}} was built by the Ansaldo shipyard in Genoa; her keel was laid on 1 July 1889.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}} Shortages of funding slowed the completion {{lang|it|Liguria}} and her sister ships. Tight budgets forced the Navy to reduce the pace of construction so that the funds could be used to keep the active fleet in service.{{sfn|Notes on Ships and Torpedo Boats 1891|p=41}} It took nearly four years to complete the hull, which was launched on 8 June 1893. Fitting-out work proceeded much more quickly, and the new cruiser was ready for service a year and a half later. She was commissioned into the fleet on 1 December 1894.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}} That year, {{lang|it|Liguria}} was assigned to the Third Division of the Italian fleet, along with {{ship|Italian ironclad|San Martino||2}},{{sfn|Garbett 1894|p=565}} an ancient center battery ironclad, which had been launched in 1862.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=339}}

In 1902–1903, {{lang|it|Liguria}} was in the main Italian fleet; while in their normal peacetime training routine, the ships of the main fleet were kept in commission for exercises for seven months of the year. For the remaining five months, they were kept in a partial state of readiness with reduced crews.{{sfn|Garbett 1902|p=1075}}{{sfn|Brassey|p=60}} From 1903 to 1905, under the command of the Duke of the Abruzzi, {{lang|it|Liguria}} circumnavigated the world on a diplomatic and scientific tour.{{sfn|Cauli|2019|pp=82–84}}{{sfn|Tenderini|Shandrick|1997|pp=71–72}} Leaving La Spezia on 29 August 1903, she crossed the Atlantic to New Orleans before stops in Havana, Trinidad and Buenos Aires. She then went up the Pacific coast to San Francisco before making a crossing southeasterly crossing to Hawaii, Tahiti, New Zealand and Australia. From Australia she turned north to visit China before turning south again for stops in Bangkok, Singapore and Java. She crossed the Indian Ocean, stopping in Madras and Massawa before returning via the Suez Canal to La Spezia on 18 April 1905. The ship had stopped in 114 ports and crossed the equator six times.{{sfn|Tenderini|Shandrick|1997|pp=71–72}}

In late 1906, the ship took part in experiments with coaling while underway. She towed the collier {{SS|Sterope}} at a speed of {{convert|12|kn}} while coal was transferred via the towing cable. An average of {{convert|60|MT|abbr=on|sp=us}} of coal was transferred per hour during the test.{{sfn|Cox|pp=175–176}} Starting in 1908, {{lang|it|Liguria}} was modified to operate an observation balloon. This service, which lasted until 1911, involved towing a "draken" balloon—invented by the Germans August von Parseval and Rudolf von Sigsfeld—to spot naval mines for the fleet.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=350}}{{sfn|Cernuschi & O'Hara|p=61}}

At the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in September 1911, {{lang|it|Liguria}} was stationed in Italian Eritrea with four other cruisers. She was transferred to the Mediterranean Sea, and on 18 October she joined the escort for a troop convoy headed to Benghazi. The convoy was heavily protected against a possible Ottoman attack; the escort comprised the four {{sclass|Regina Elena|battleship|0}} pre-dreadnought battleships, two other cruisers, and five destroyers. The Italian fleet bombarded the city the next morning after the Ottoman garrison refused to surrender. During the bombardment, parties from the ships and the infantry from the troopships went ashore. The Italians quickly forced the Ottomans to withdraw into the city by evening. After a short siege, the Ottoman forces withdrew on 29 October, leaving the city to the Italians.{{sfn|Beehler|pp=10, 27–29}}

{{lang|it|Liguria}} thereafter moved to Tripoli, where she supported the Italians who had taken the city against Turkish counterattacks. On 9 November, she, the armored cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Carlo Alberto||2}}, the minelayer {{ship|Italian cruiser|Partenope||2}}, and the torpedo boat {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Cigno|1906|2}} provided critical gunfire support that broke a series of Ottoman attacks on the city. A month later, {{lang|it|Liguria}} joined {{lang|it|Partenope}} and the torpedo boats {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Dardo||2}} and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Euro||2}} for a series of bombardments on the ports of Zuwarah, Misrata, and Argub. {{lang|it|Liguria}} then returned to Tripoli with {{lang|it|Carlo Alberto}}, the torpedo cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Iride||2}}, and several torpedo boats while most of the Italian fleet returned to Italy for refitting. In January 1912, {{lang|it|Liguria}} and her sister {{ship|Italian cruiser|Elba||2}} were transferred to the Red Sea, along with a pair of fast mail steamers. The cruiser fleet in the Red Sea then began a campaign of coastal bombardments of Ottoman ports in the area. A blockade was proclaimed of the Ottoman ports, which included the cities of Al Luḩayyah and Al Hudaydah. The Ottomans eventually agreed to surrender in October, ending the war.{{sfn|Beehler|pp=35, 47–52, 60, 70, 95}}

By the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, {{lang|it|Liguria}} was assigned to the Third Division of the First Squadron as a training ship.{{sfn|The New International Encyclopaedia|p=469}} Italy declared neutrality at the start of the war, but by May 1915, the Triple Entente had convinced the Italians to enter the war against the Central Powers.{{sfn|Halpern|p=140}} The old cruiser nevertheless saw no action during the war. She was sold for scrap on 15 May 1921 and was subsequently broken up.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}

{{reflist|20em}}

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{{Commons category}}

• [https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/LMNO/liguria.aspx Liguria] Marina Militare website {{in lang|it}}

{{Portal bar|Italy|Engineering}}

{{Regioni class cruiser}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Liguria}}

Category:Regioni-class cruisers

Category:Ships built in Genoa

Category:Ships built by Gio. Ansaldo & C.

Category:1893 ships

Category:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy