Italians in the United Kingdom#Since 1945

{{Main|Roman Britain}}

The Romans from Italy were the first recorded Italians to settle in the British Isles, along with other people from various parts of the Roman Empire. They came as far back as 55 and 54 BC when Julius Caesar (initially landing in Deal) led expeditionary campaigns in the south-east of England,{{Cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/green-energy/?showall=1|title=History Today|access-date=6 October 2014}}{{dead link|date=April 2017}}{{cbignore}} and then again in AD 43 when Emperor Claudius invaded and subsequently conquered the British islands. Historian Theodore Mommsen calculated that in the five centuries of Roman presence in the British isles, more than 50,000 Roman soldiers (mainly from The Balkans) moved to live permanently in Roman Britain.{{Cite web|last=Collins|first=Nick|date=22 February 2013|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/9888402/One-million-Brits-descended-from-Romans.html|title= One million Brits 'descended from Romans'|website=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=7 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223171213/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/9888402/One-million-Brits-descended-from-Romans.html|archive-date=23 February 2013}}

File:Lombard Street, EC3 - geograph.org.uk - 1094108.jpg

Continuous contact with Rome and the Catholic world was initially restricted to the Celtic Christian, Brittonic-speaking portions of Britain where trading activities continued with the Mediterranean and Italy, continuing into the seventh century as non-Christian Anglo-Saxon kingdoms began to coalesce into England. Initially, the stable Anglo-British kingdoms of Wessex and then Northumbria followed the practices of Celtic Christianity, however powerful figures such as Alfred the Great, who had been anointed by the Pope in Rome, tended toward Roman Catholicism, especially after the Synod of Whitby, drawing merchants, men of culture, artisans, and educated Catholic clerics from the Latin West including Italy.

After the conquest of Anglo-Saxon England in 1066, the first recorded Italian communities in England began from the merchants and sailors living in Southampton. The famous 'Lombard Street' in London took its name from the small but powerful community from northern Italy, living there as bankers and merchants after the year 1000.{{Cite journal|last=King|first=R.|date=1977|title=Italian Migration to Great Britain|journal=Geography|volume=62|issue=3|pages=176–186|jstor=40568731}}

File:Westminster Abbey Henry3.jpg|alt=]]

The rebuilding of Westminster Abbey showed significant Italian artistic influence in the construction of the so-called 'Cosmati' Pavement completed in 1245, and a unique example of the style unknown outside of Italy, the work of highly skilled team of Italian craftsmen led by a Roman named Ordoricus.{{Cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/art/cosmati-pavement|title=Cosmati Pavement|website=Westminster-Abbey.org}}

In 1303, Edward I negotiated an agreement with the Lombard merchant community that secured custom duties and certain rights and privileges.{{Harvp|Brown|1989|pp=65–66}} The revenues from the customs duty were handled by the Riccardi, a group of bankers from Lucca in Italy.{{Harvp|Prestwich|1972|pp=99–100}} This was in return for their service as money lenders to the crown, which helped finance the Welsh Wars. When the war with France broke out, the French king confiscated the Riccardi's assets, and the bank went bankrupt.{{Harvp|Brown|1989|pp=80–81}} After this, the Frescobaldi of Florence took over the role as money lenders to the English crown.{{Harvp|Prestwich|1972|p=403}}

As bankers, the Frescobaldi financed ventures for numerous members of European royal families, notably their financial conquest of England, which Fernand Braudel has signalled as the greatest achievement of the Florentine firms, "not only in holding the purse-strings of the kings of England, but also in controlling sales of English wool which was vital to continental workshops and in particular to the Arte della Lana of Florence."{{Harvp|Braudel|1982|p=392f}}

According to historian Michael Wayatt, there was "a small but influential community" of Italians "that took shape in England in the 15th century, initially consisting of ecclesiastics, renaissance humanists, merchants, bankers, and artists."{{Cite book|last=Wyatt|first=Michael|date=December 2005|title=The Italian Encounter with Tudor England: A Cultural Politics of Translation|url=http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521848961|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84896-1}}

Historian Alwyn Ruddock claimed to have found evidence that the navigator Giovanni Caboto ('John Cabot') who discovered North America in 1497, received backing from the Italian community in London for his voyage to North America. In particular, she suggested he found a patron in the form of Fr. Giovanni Antonio de Carbonariis, an Augustinian friar, who was also the deputy to the papal tax collector Adriano Castellesi. Ruddock suggested that it was Carbonariis, who certainly accompanied Cabot's 1498 expedition, and who was on good terms with the King, who introduced the explorer to Henry VII for the discovery expedition. Beyond this, Ruddock claimed that Cabot received a loan from an Italian banking house in London 'to go and discover new lands'.{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Evan T.|date=May 2008|title=Alwyn Ruddock: 'John Cabot and the Discovery of America'|journal=Historical Research|volume=81|issue=212|pages=224–254|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.2007.00422.x|doi-access=free}}

In the aftermath of the English Reformation, amongst other religious refugees from the European continent, many Italian Protestants found Tudor England to be a hospitable haven, and brought with them cultural Italian ties. The fifteenth century also saw the birth of a pivotal Italo-Englishman in the form of John Florio, a famed language teacher, lexicographer, and translator. The Titus family is another significant group that settled in England in the time of the Renaissance. Notable was also Alberico Gentili's contribution to the fields of international law, who was a tutor of Elizabeth I and a regius professor of Oxford University.

The arts flourished under the Hanoverian dynasty, and this attracted many more Italian artisans, artists, and musicians to Britain. All of this developed in the United Kingdom a moderate Italophilia during the late Italian Renaissance. For example, in the 1790s, many Italians with skills of instrument making and glass blowing came over from Italy, France, and Holland to make and sell barometers. By 1840, they dominated the industry in England.{{Cite book|last=Nicholas|first=Goodison|date=1977|title=English barometers 1680-1860 : a history of domestic barometers and their makers and retailers|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club|isbn=978-0902028524|edition=Rev. and enl.}}

The Napoleonic wars left northern Italy with a destroyed agriculture, and consequently many farmers were forced to emigrate: a few thousand moved to the British isles in the first half of the nineteenth century.{{Cite web|last=Saunders|first=Rod|date=18 December 2014|url=http://www.anglo-italianfhs.org.uk/articles/immigration.shtml|title=Italian migration to nineteenth century Britain: why and where|website=anglo-italianfhs.org.uk|publisher=Anglo-Italian Family History Society|access-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107012241/http://anglo-italianfhs.org.uk/articles/immigration.shtml|archive-date=7 January 2017|url-status=dead}}

{{Quote|From the 1820s to 1851... accounts for 4000 Italian immigrants in England, with 50% of them living in London. The regional origins of most were the valleys around Como, and Lucca. The people from Como were skilled artisans, making barometers and other precision instruments. People from Lucca specialised in plaster figure making. By the 1870s, the main regional origins of Italian emigration to Britain were the valleys of Parma in the north, and the Liri valley, half way between Rome and Naples. A railway network had been started by this time, and this helped the people from the Liri valley to migrate to the North of Italy, and then on to Britain. The people from Parma were predominantly organ grinders, while the Neapolitans from the Liri valley (now under Lazio) made ice cream...... the occupational structure of the immigrants, up to the 1870s, remained 'substantially the same'. After this date, all itinerant employment crossed regional demarcations.... The centre of the Italian community in Britain throughout the 19th Century, and indeed to the present day, is 'Little Italy', situated in a part of London called Clerkenwell..... description of its existence then, from an 1854 print, is of a "warren of streets around Hatton Garden". Dickens' Oliver Twist and Gustave Dore's prints of London at that time fill in the images. As numbers increased and competition grew fiercer, so Italians spread to the north of England, Wales, and Scotland. They were never in great numbers in the northern cities. For example, the Italian Consul General in Liverpool, in 1891, is quoted as saying that the majority of the 80–100 Italians in the city were organ grinders and street sellers of ice-cream and plaster statues. And that the 500–600 Italians in Manchester included mostly Terrazzo specialists, plasterers, and modellers working on the prestigious, new town hall. While in Sheffield, 100–150 Italians made cutlery..... of the 1000 or so Italians in Wales at the end of the 19th century, a third of them worked as seamen on British ships, a third worked in jobs that serviced shipping, such as ships chandlers, seamen's lodgings etc., and most of the rest worked in the coal mines. In 1861,.... there were 119 Italians in Scotland, the majority of them in Glasgow. By 1901, the Italian population was 4051. By this time, the Italian communities were becoming more affluent. The Italian Scottish community was "…almost all engaged in small food shops – either ice cream shops or fish restaurants."{{harvp|Sponza|1988}}}}

File:St Peters Italian Church.jpg in London|alt=]]

Giuseppe Mazzini lived in London for some years, and promoted the construction of the Italian church of St. Peter in the 'Little Italy' of Clerkenwell (a London neighbourhood){{Cite AV media|title=Construction of St Peter Italian church in London|url=http://www.italianchurch.org.uk/videoplayer.aspx?videoid=10|access-date=7 March 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2017}}{{cbignore}} The Italian-style basilica was inaugurated in 1863, and was the main place of reunion for the growing Italian community of London. The Risorgimento hero Mazzini also created an Italian school for poor people, active from November 1841, at Greville Street in London.{{Cite book|last=Verdecchia|first=Enrico|date=1 October 2010|title=Londra dei cospiratori. L'esilio londinese dei padri del Risorgimento|language=Italian|publisher=Marco Tropea Editore|isbn=9788855801133}}

By the time World War I started, the Italian community was well established in London and other areas of the British Isles (there were nearly 20,000 Italians in the United Kingdom in 1915). All Italian born subjects living in Britain at the time of WW1 were regarded as 'aliens', and forced to register with their local police station. Permission had to be given by the police if a person wanted to travel more than {{Convert|5|mi|0|abbr=off}} from their homes.C.A. Volante: Identities and Perceptions: Gender, Generation and Ethnicity in the Italian Quarter, Birmingham, c1891-1938 PhD thesis, 2001.

When World War II came, the Italians in Great Britain had built a respected community for themselves. However, the announcement of Benito Mussolini's decision to side with Adolf Hitler's Germany in 1940 had a devastating effect. By order of Parliament, all aliens were to be interned. Although there were a few active fascists, the majority had lived in the country peacefully for many years, and had even fought side by side with British-born soldiers during the First World War.

This anti-Italian feeling led to a night of nationwide riots against the Italian communities on 11 June 1940. The Italians were now seen as a national security threat, linked to the feared British Union of Fascists, and Winston Churchill told the police to "collar the lot!" Thousands of Italian men between the ages of 17 and 60 were arrested after his speech.{{Cite book|last=Moffat|first=Alistair|author-link=Alistair Moffat|date=2013|title=The British: A Genetic Journey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrO8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT217|publisher=Birlinn Limited|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|isbn=978-0-85790-567-3|page=217|via=Google Books}}

In one of these transportations, a tragedy occurred: the sinking of the ocean liner {{SS|Arandora Star||2}} on 2 July 1940 resulted in the loss of over 700 lives, including 446 British-Italians being deported as undesirable.{{Harvp|Cesarani|Kushner|1993|pp=176–178}} Italians comprised almost half of the ship's 1564 passengers; the rest were British soldiers, and Jewish refugees. Sailing for Canada from Liverpool, the unescorted Arandora Star was torpedoed by the {{GS|U-47|1938|6}} and sank within 30 minutes. One historian describes it as the "most tragic event in the history of the [British] Italian community... no other Italian community in the world has suffered such a blow."{{Harvp|Colpi|1991|pp=115–124}} On 19 July, the Home Secretary, wrote a letter to Lord Halifax, the Foreign Secretary, in which he made it clear that he realised mistakes had been made in selecting Italians for the Arandora Star.Foreign Office File FO 916 2581 folio 548 Lord Snell was charged with conducting a government inquiry into the tragedy. He recognised that the method of selecting 'dangerous' Italians was not satisfactory, and the result was that among those earmarked for deportation were a number of non-fascists and people whose sympathies lay with Britain.Foreign Office File FO 371 25210

File:ClerkenwellGreenC-composite.jpg, London|alt=]]

In the 1950s, Italian immigration started again to some areas of Great Britain; such as Manchester,{{Cite web|url=http://www.manchester.com/community/italian/|title=Italians in Manchester|website=Manchester.com|publisher=Root 101 Limited|access-date=7 March 2017|archive-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307211116/http://www.manchester.com/community/italian/|url-status=dead}} Bedford, and Peterborough, even if in relatively limited numbers. It was made mainly from Lazio. But in the 1960s, it tapered off, and practically stopped in the 1970s. However, in the later years of the UK's membership of the European Union, the UK became the most favoured destination for Italian migrants.{{cite web|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2017/10/17/italiani-allestero-nel-2016-emigrati-in-124mila-il-39-ha-tra-i-18-e-i-34-anni-regno-unito-meta-preferita/3918408/|title=Italiani all'estero, nel 2016 emigrati in 124mila: il 39% ha tra i 18 e i 34 anni. Regno Unito meta preferita|date=17 October 2017 |access-date=21 June 2023|language=it}}

The region of the country containing the most Italian Britons is London, where over 50,000 people of Italian birth lived in 2009.{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/italy.stm|title=Italy|website=news.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC News|date=2009|access-date=16 April 2017}} Other concentrations of Italians are in Manchester, where 25,000 Italians live{{Cite web|last=Green|first=David|date=29 November 2003|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3223776.stm|title=Italians revolt over church closure|website=news.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC News|access-date=16 April 2017}} and Bedford, where there are approximately 14,000 people of Italian origin.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/beds_herts_bucks/index.shtml|title=Bedford's Italian question|website=www.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC|access-date=7 March 2017}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/May-the-best-team-win-22062012.htm|title=May the best team win|website=Bedfordshire on Sunday|publisher=Local World|date=24 June 2012|access-date=4 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525012322/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/May-the-best-team-win-22062012.htm|archive-date=25 May 2013}}

The high concentration of Italian immigrants in Bedford, along with Peterborough, is mainly as a result of labour recruitment in the 1950s by the London Brick Company and the Marston Valley Brick Company in the southern Italian regions of Puglia and Campania. By 1960, approximately 7,500 Italian men were employed by London Brick in Bedford, and a further 3,000 in Peterborough.{{Harvp|Colpi|1991|p=149}} In 1962, the Scalabrini Fathers, who first arrived in Peterborough in 1956, purchased an old school and converted it into a church named after the patron saint of workers San Giuseppe. By 1991, over 3,000 christenings of second-generation Italians had been carried out there.{{Harvp|Colpi|1991|p=235}}

In 2007, there were 82 Italian associations in Great Britain.{{Cite web|url=http://www.esteri.it/mae/doc_osservatorio/abstract_%20regno%20unito.pdf|title=Gli Italiani in Gran Bretagna (Abstract)|trans-title=The Italians in Great Britain (Abstract)|language=it|publisher=Italian Ministry for Foreign Affairs|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313043542/http://www.esteri.it/mae/doc_osservatorio/abstract_%20regno%20unito.pdf|url-status=dead}}

A new ethnic minority group, nicknamed the Bangla-Italo, consisting of Bangladeshi Italians formed around London, Leicester and Manchester.{{Cite web|url=https://www.comiteslondra.info/la-migrazione-secondaria-il-caso-degli-italo-bengalesi/|title=La migrazione secondaria: il caso degli italo-bengalesi|accessdate=3 March 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2019/10/24/italian-bangladeshis-in-uk-ethnic-minority-fears-brexit-impact|title=Italian Bangladeshis in UK: Ethnic minority fears Brexit impact|first=Ylenia|last=Gostoli|website=Al Jazeera|accessdate=3 March 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/italian-bengalis-meet-london-s-newest-ethnic-minority-a6753821.html|title=Meet London's newest ethnic minority: Italian Bengalis|date=30 November 2015|website=The Independent|accessdate=3 March 2024}}{{Cite journal|title=Italian-Bangladeshis in London: Onward Migration and Its Effects on Their Linguistic Repertoire|first=Francesco|last=Goglia|date=3 September 2021|journal=Languages|volume=6|issue=3|pages=121|doi=10.3390/languages6030121|doi-access=free }}

• Ferranti – electrical engineering and computer equipment firm, founded in 1885.
• Marconi – British telecommunications and engineering company, formed in 1897.
• Arighi Bianchi – furniture store, founded in 1854.
• Grattan – catalogue company, founded in 1912.
• Forte – hotel and restaurant business, founded in 1935.

File:White Italian population pyramid 2021.svg

File:Italy-born residents by Ethnic Group, Census 2021.png

There is no definitive number of Italians in the UK.

According to the 2021 UK Census, there were 276,669 Italian-born residents in England and Wales.{{Cite web|title=International migration, England and Wales|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/internationalmigrationenglandandwales/census2021|website=www.ons.gov.uk|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=6 November 2022}} However, the same source registers 368,738 Italian passport holders resident in England and Wales, and this statistic excludes Italians that also hold a British passport. A study commissioned by the Italian Consulate in London{{Cite web|title="La presenza Italiana in Inghilterra e Galles" II edizione dello studio statistico|url=https://conslondra.esteri.it/it/news/dal_consolato/2021/12/la-presenza-italiana-in-inghilterra/|website=conslondra.esteri.it|publisher=Consolato Generale d'Italia Londra|access-date=6 November 2022}} estimated 466,100 Italians registered as British residents in December 2021. A review article by the community interest company (CIC) I3Italy estimated around 500,000 Italians in the UK at the end of 2021.{{Cite web|title=Quanti italiani in Inghilterra?|url=https://www.i3italy.org/2022/11/03/quanti-italiani-in-inghilterra/|website=www.i3italy.org|publisher=I3Italy|date=3 November 2022|access-date=6 November 2022}}

Previously, the 2011 UK Census recorded 131,195 Italian-born residents in England, 3,424 in Wales,{{Cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls|title=2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales on National Identity, Passports Held and Country of Birth|format=XLS|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=26 March 2013|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2016}} 6,048 in Scotland,{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Country of birth (detailed)|website=ScotlandsCensus.gov.uk|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=13 April 2015}} and 538 in Northern Ireland.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls|title=Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI|format=XLS|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|access-date=28 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095516/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls|archive-date=4 March 2016}} The 2001 Census recorded a total of 107,244 Italian-born people resident in the United Kingdom.{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls|title=Country-of-birth database|format=XLS|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|access-date=30 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617032129/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls|archive-date=17 June 2009}} Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimates put the equivalent figure for 2015 at 162,000{{ONSCoB2015|access-date=28 November 2016}} and 233,000 in 2019.{{ONSCoB2019|access-date=27 September 2020}} In 2016, the Italian consulate in London estimated that 600,000 Italians were resident in the UK.{{Cite news|last=Marchese|first=Francesca|date=28 November 2016|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-38067343|title=Could UK's Italians rock referendum vote?|publisher=BBC News|access-date=28 November 2016}} Instead, in the UK, there are around 500,000 British people of Italian ancestry. An increase in the numbers of the Bangladeshi Italians in the UK have been witnessed since pre-Brexit.

As of June 2022, 509,100 (594,390 applications, of which 85,290 were made by repeated applicants){{Cite web|title=EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, June 2022|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/eu-settlement-scheme-quarterly-statistics-june-2022/eu-settlement-scheme-quarterly-statistics-june-2022 |date=27 September 2022 |website=GOV.UK|access-date=6 November 2022}} Italians registered under the UK's EU Settlement Scheme, successfully receiving pre-settled or settled status to remain in the United Kingdom. This figure has several limitations: first of all, it excludes Italians that came to the UK with a visa after Brexit. Further, it includes Italians that have left the UK: indeed, people that leave the UK after obtaining the status do not lose it before several years have passed. Finally, Italian citizens who also hold British citizenship did not need to register for the EU Settlement Scheme, so several people are missing from this statistic. According to the 2011 Census, Italian is the first language of 92,241 people in England and Wales.{{Cite web|first1=Deepthi|last1=Gopal|first2=Yaron|last2=Matras|date=October 2013|url=http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefingsupdated/what-languages-are-spoken-in-england-and-wales.pdf|title=What languages are spoken in England and Wales?|publisher=ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity |access-date=28 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501021943/http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefingsupdated/what-languages-are-spoken-in-england-and-wales.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2015|url-status=dead}}

For the period 2015 to 2016, 12,135 Italian students were studying in British universities. This was the third-highest figure amongst EU countries, and ninth globally.{{Cite web|url=https://institutions.ukcisa.org.uk/Info-for-universities-colleges--schools/Policy-research--statistics/Research--statistics/International-students-in-UK-HE/|title=International student statistics: UK higher education|publisher=UK Council for International Student Affairs |access-date=16 April 2017 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416130049/https://institutions.ukcisa.org.uk/Info-for-universities-colleges--schools/Policy-research--statistics/Research--statistics/International-students-in-UK-HE/ |archive-date= Apr 16, 2017 }}

Italians and British-born people of Italian descent reside across the entire UK. Furthermore, unlike many ethnic groups in the country, there are substantial numbers of Italians outside England. Locations with significant Italian populations include London, where the 2011 Census recorded 62,050 Italian-born residents, Manchester with an estimated 25,000 people of Italian ethnicity, Bedford with an estimated 14,000 ethnic Italians, and Glasgow, which is home to the vast majority of the estimated 35,000+ Italian Scots.{{Cite web|url=https://maps.nls.uk/projects/italians/|title=Family portrait: the Scots-Italians 1890-1940 map viewer - Italians resident in Scotland in the 1930s|website=Map images - National Library of Scotland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227191342/https://maps.nls.uk/projects/italians/ |archive-date= Dec 27, 2023 }}

• Little Italy in Clerkenwell, London.
• The area around Wardour Street and Old Compton Street in Soho, London used to be known as Little Italy.{{Cite book|title=Little Italy|date=3 March 2024 |publisher=Camden Local Studios and Archives Centre|isbn=9781900846219|pages=1–60}}
• Ancoats in Manchester used to be known as little Italy.{{Cite web|title=envenuti to Ancoats Little Italy, Manchester, England, UK|url=https://www.ancoatslittleitaly.com/page2.html|website=Manchester's Ancoats Little Italy}}
• The area around Scotland Road in Liverpool used to be known as Little Italy.{{Cite web|title=Liverpool's Italian families|url=http://liverpoolsitalianfamilies.weebly.com/|website=Liverpool's Italian Families}}
• The area around Fazeley Street in Digbeth, Birmingham, used to be known as Little Italy.{{Cite web|title=Little Italy - the Italian Quarter|url=https://billdargue.jimdofree.com/placenames-gazetteer-a-to-y/places-l/little-italy/|website=billdargue.jimdofree.com}}
• Bedford, where the population is about 8% Italian or of Italian heritage.{{Cite web|title=Italians in Bedford|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jan/23/britishidentity.features113|work=The Guardian|date=23 January 2006}}
• Hoddesdon, in Hertfordshire has a large Sicilian population.{{Cite web|title=Lee Valley little Sicily|url=https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/homes-and-gardens/places-to-live/22589308.lee-valley-little-sicily/|website=Great British Life|date=3 March 2015 }}
• Glasgow is the centre of the Scottish Italian community.{{Cite web|title=Italian immigrants in Scotland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8r7tyc/revision/5|website=www.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC Bitesize}}

{{Main|List of British Italians}}

{{Portal|Italy|United Kingdom}}

• List of British Italians
• Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
• Italy – United Kingdom relations
• Romano-British culture
• Italian migration to Britain
• Italian diaspora
• Accademia Apulia
• Lombard Street
• St Peter's Italian Church
• Italian Scots
• Welsh Italians
• Genoese in Gibraltar
• British in Italy
• Little Italy, London

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

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• {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=A. L.|date=1989|title=The Governance of Late Medieval England 1272–1461|url=https://archive.org/details/governanceoflate0000brow|url-access=registration|location=London, England|publisher=Edward Arnold|isbn=978-0-8047-1730-4}}
• {{Cite book|last1=Cesarani|first1=David|last2=Kushner|first2=Tony|date=1993|title=The Internment of aliens in twentieth century Britain|publisher=Routledge|edition=1st|isbn=9780714634661}}
• {{Cite book|last=Colpi|first=Terri|date=1991|title=The Italian Factor: the Italian Community in Great Britain|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781851583348}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Colpi|first=Terri|date=1992|title=The impact of the second world war on the British Italian community|journal=Immigrants & Minorities|volume=11|issue=3|pages=167–187|doi=10.1080/02619288.1992.9974794}}
• {{Cite book|last=Mommsen|first=Theodore|author-link=Theodor Mommsen|date=1968|title=The Provinces of the Roman Empire: the European Provinces|editor=Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton|editor-link=Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-53394-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/provincesofroman00momm}}
• {{Cite book|last=Palmer|first=Robin Charles Greig|date=1981|title=The Britalians: an Anthropological Investigation|publisher=University of Sussex|location=Brighton, England}}
• {{Cite book|last=Prestwich|first=Michael|date=1972|title=War, Politics and Finance under Edward I|location=London, England|publisher=Faber and Faber|isbn=978-0-571-09042-6}}
• {{Cite book|last=Sponza|first=Lucio|date=1988|title=Italian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Britain: Reality and Images|publisher=Leicester University Press|location=Leicester, England|isbn=9780718512873}}

{{Refend}}

• [https://www.british-italian.org/ The British Italian Society]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170941/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/Onlineresources/RWWC/themes/1295/1152 Museum of London: Reassessing what we collect: Italian London]
• [http://www.ancoatslittleitaly.com/page2.html History of Little Italy in Ancoats]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20151210022754/http://www.accademiapulia.org/en/events-accademia-apulia/stories-of-friendship-photography-exhibition.html/ Stories of Friendship,1943–1945]

{{EuropeansinUK}}

{{Italian diaspora}}

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