Lucca

To the Ancient Romans, Lucca was known as Luca. From more recent and concrete toponymic studies, the name Lucca has references that lead to "sacred grove" (Latin: lucus), "to cut" (Latin: lucare) and "luminous space" (leuk, a term used by the first European populations). The origin apparently refers to a wooded area deforested to make room for light or to a clearing located on a river island of Serchio debris, in the middle of wooded areas.{{Cite book|last=Rossebastiano|first=Alda|title=Dizionario di toponomastica|pages=427|language=it}}{{Cite book|last=Treccani|first=Giovanni|title=Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti|publisher=Treccani|pages=560|language=it}}

{{For timeline}}

The territory of present-day Lucca was certainly settled by the Etruscans, and it also has traces of a probable earlier Ligurian presence (called Luk meaning "marsh", which was previously speculated as a possible origin of the city's name), dating from the 3rd century BC. However, it was only with the arrival of the Romans that the area took on the appearance of a real town. It obtained the status of a Roman colony in 180 BC and of a municipality (municipium) in 89 BC.{{Cite web|title=Roman Lucca {{!}} Turismo Lucca|url=https://www.turismo.lucca.it/dove-andare/lucca/la-citta/lucca-romana|access-date=2022-01-12|website=www.turismo.lucca.it}}{{cite book|last1=Haegen|first1=Anne Mueller von der|last2=Strasser|first2=Ruth F.|title=Art & Architecture: Tuscany|year=2013|publisher=H.F.Ullmann Publishing|location=Potsdam|isbn=978-3-8480-0321-1|page=57|chapter=Lucca}}

The rectangular grid of its historical centre preserves the Roman street plan, and the Piazza San Michele occupies the site of the ancient forum. The outline of the Roman amphitheatre is still seen in the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, and the outline of a Roman theater is visible in Piazza Sant'Agostino. Fragments of the Roman-era walls are incorporated into the church of Santa Maria della Rosa.

At the Lucca Conference, in 56 BC, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus reaffirmed their political alliance known as the First Triumvirate.Boatwright, Mary et al. The Romans: From Village to Empire, pg 229.

{{See also|Duchy of Tuscia}}File:Torre guinigi, view 11, piazza dell'anfiteatro.JPG and the Basilica of San Frediano]]

Frediano, an Irish monk, was bishop of Lucca in the early sixth century.See article on the Basilica di San Frediano. At one point, Lucca was plundered by Odoacer, the first Germanic King of Italy. Lucca was an important city and fortress even in the sixth century, when Narses besieged it for several months in 553. From 576 to 797, under the Lombards, it was the capital of a duchy, known as Duchy of Tuscia, which included a large part of today's Tuscany and the province of Viterbo, during this time the city also minted its own coins.{{Cite book|last=Mancini|first=Augusto|title=Storia di Lucca|publisher=Pacini Fazzi|year=1999|isbn=8872463432|pages=23|language=it}} The Holy Face of Lucca (or Volto Santo), a major relic supposedly carved by Nicodemus, arrived in 742.

Among the population that inhabited Lucca in the medieval era, there was also a significant presence of Jews. The first mention of their presence in the city is from a document from the year 859. The Jewish community was led by the Kalonymos family (which later became a major component of proto-Ashkenazic Jewry).{{Citation|title=Lucca|url=https://www7.tau.ac.il/omeka/italjuda/items/show/776|access-date=2022-01-28}}

Thanks above all to the Holy Face and to the relics of important saints, such as San Regolo and Saint Fridianus, the city was one of the main destinations of the Via Francigena, the major pilgrimage route to Rome from the north.{{Cite book|last=Stopani|first=Renato|title=Le vie di pellegrinaggio del Medioevo.|year=1991|publisher=Le Lettere|isbn=887166048X|pages=61|language=it}}

The Lucca cloth was a silk fabric that was woven with gold or silver threads. It was a popular type of textile in Lucca throughout the mediaeval period.{{Cite book |last=Harmuth |first=Louis |url=http://archive.org/details/dictionaryoftext00harmrich |title=Dictionary of textiles |date=1915 |publisher=New York, Fairchild publishing company |others=University of California Libraries |pages=94}}{{Cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Ajoy K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=471VEAAAQBAJ&dq=lucca+cloth&pg=PA283 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles |last2=Tortora |first2=Phyllis G. |last3=Johnson |first3=Ingrid |date=2021-11-04 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-6508-9 |pages=283 |language=en}}

Lucca became prosperous through the silk trade that began in the eleventh century, and came to rival the silks of Byzantium. During the tenth–eleventh centuries Lucca was the capital of the feudal margraviate of Tuscany, more or less independent but owing nominal allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1057, Anselm of Baggio (later Pope Alexander II) was appointed bishop of Lucca, a position he held also during the papacy. As bishop of Lucca he managed to rebuild the patrimony of the Church of Lucca, recovering alienated assets, obtaining numerous donations thanks to his prestige, and had the Cathedral of the city rebuilt. From 1073 to 1086, the bishop of Lucca was his nephew Anselm II, a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy.{{Cite web|title=ALESSANDRO II, papa in "Dizionario Biografico"|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/papa-alessandro-ii_(Dizionario-Biografico)|access-date=2022-01-09|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT}}{{Cite web|title=ANSELMO da Lucca in "Enciclopedia Italiana"|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/anselmo-da-lucca_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)|access-date=2022-01-09|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT}}

During the High Middle Ages, one of the most illustrious dynasties of Lucca was the noble Allucingoli family, who managed to forge strong ties with the Church. Among the family members were Ubaldo Allucingoli, who was elected to the Papacy as Pope Lucius III in 1181, and the Cardinals Gerardo Allucingoli and Uberto Allucingoli.{{Cite web|title=ALLUCINGOLI, Gerardo in "Dizionario Biografico"|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gerardo-allucingoli_(Dizionario-Biografico)|access-date=2022-01-11|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT}}{{Cite web|title=Chiesa della Natività di Maria Santissima (Pontetetto) – Arcidiocesi di Lucca|url=https://www.diocesilucca.it/chiesa-della-nativita-di-maria-santissima-pontetetto/|access-date=2022-01-11|language=it-IT|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111183035/https://www.diocesilucca.it/chiesa-della-nativita-di-maria-santissima-pontetetto/|url-status=dead}}

{{main|Republic of Lucca}}

After the death of Matilda of Tuscany, the city began to constitute itself an independent commune with a charter in 1160. For almost 500 years, Lucca remained an independent republic. There were many minor provinces in the region between southern Liguria and northern Tuscany dominated by the Malaspina; Tuscany in this time was a part of feudal Europe. Dante's Divine Comedy includes many references to the great feudal families who had huge jurisdictions with administrative and judicial rights. Dante spent some of his exile in Lucca.

In 1273 and again in 1277, Lucca was ruled by a Guelph capitano del popolo (captain of the people) named Luchetto Gattilusio. In 1314, internal discord allowed Uguccione della Faggiuola of Pisa to make himself lord of Lucca. The Lucchesi expelled him two years later, and handed over the city to another condottiero, Castruccio Castracani, under whose rule it became a leading state in central Italy. Lucca rivalled Florence until Castracani's death in 1328. On 22 and 23 September 1325, in the battle of Altopascio, Castracani defeated Florence's Guelphs. For this he was nominated by Louis IV the Bavarian to become duke of Lucca. Castracani's tomb is in the church of San Francesco. His biography is Machiavelli's third famous book on political rule.

Occupied by the troops of Louis of Bavaria, the city was sold to a rich Genoese, Gherardino Spinola, then seized by John, king of Bohemia. Pawned to the Rossi of Parma, by them it was ceded to Mastino II della Scala of Verona, sold to the Florentines, surrendered to the Pisans, and then nominally liberated by the emperor Charles IV and governed by his vicar.

In 1408, Lucca hosted a convocation organized by Pope Gregory XII with his cardinals intended to end the schism in the papacy.{{Cite web|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory XII|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07001a.htm|access-date=2022-01-09|website=www.newadvent.org}}

Lucca managed, at first as a democracy, and after 1628 as an oligarchy, to maintain its independence alongside of Venice and Genoa, and painted the word Libertas on its banner until the French Revolution in 1789.Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

{{main|Principality of Lucca and Piombino|Duchy of Lucca}}

File:Palazzo pfanner, giardini 03.jpg, garden view]]

Lucca had been the second largest Italian city state (after Venice) with a republican constitution ("comune") to remain independent over the centuries.

Between 1799 and 1800, it was contested by the French and Austrian armies. Finally the French prevailed and granted a democratic constitution in the 1801. However, already in 1805 the Republic of Lucca was converted into a monarchy by Napoleon, who installed his sister Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi as "Princess of Lucca".

From 1815 to 1847, it was a Bourbon-Parma duchy. The only reigning dukes of Lucca were Maria Luisa of Spain, who was succeeded by her son Charles II, Duke of Parma in 1824. Meanwhile, the Duchy of Parma had been assigned for life to Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, the second wife of Napoleon. In accordance with the Treaty of Vienna (1815), upon the death of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma in 1847, Parma reverted to Charles II, Duke of Parma, while Lucca lost independence and was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. As part of Tuscany, it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860 and finally part of the Italian State in 1861.

{{Further|List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Italy}}

In 1942, during World War II, a prisoner-of-war camp was established at the village of Colle di Compito, in the municipality of Capannori, about {{convert|11|km}} from Lucca. Its official number was P.G. (prigionieri di guerra) 60,{{cite book | editor1-last=Megargee | editor1-first=G.P. | editor-last2=White | editor-first2=J.R. | title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Volume III: Camps and Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany|chapter=Colle di Compecito|first=Silvia Q.|last=Angelini | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2018 | isbn=978-0-253-02386-5 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nBTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA421 | access-date=26 May 2020 | page=421}} and it was usually referred to as PG 60 Lucca.{{cite web | title=Ill-treatment of prisoners of war at Camp PG 60, Lucca, Italy, July to November 1942 | website=The National Archives | date=2008-12-18 | url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/record?catid=8803320&catln=6 | access-date=26 May 2020 }} Although it never had permanent structures and accommodation consisted of tents in an area prone to flooding, it housed more than 3,000 British and Commonwealth prisoners of war during the period of its existence. It was handed over to the Germans on 10 September 1943, not long after the signing of the Italian armistice. During the Italian Social Republic, as a puppet state of the Germans, political prisoners, foreigners, common law prisoners and Jews were interned there, and it functioned as a concentration camp. In June 1944, the prisoners were moved to Bagni di Lucca.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Lucca (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1933–present)

|Jan record high C = 18.2

|Feb record high C = 20.0

|Mar record high C = 24.2

|Apr record high C = 28.2

|May record high C = 33.9

|Jun record high C = 36.6

|Jul record high C = 39.5

|Aug record high C = 39.5

|Sep record high C = 35.5

|Oct record high C = 28.9

|Nov record high C = 22.7

|Dec record high C = 18.0

|Jan record low C = -8.8

|Feb record low C = -8.8

|Mar record low C = -5.6

|Apr record low C = 0.0

|May record low C = 2.5

|Jun record low C = 8.5

|Jul record low C = 9.1

|Aug record low C = 10.6

|Sep record low C = 6.0

|Oct record low C = -0.9

|Nov record low C = -3.0

|Dec record low C = -7.0

|Jan high C = 10.9

|Feb high C = 12.7

|Mar high C = 16.4

|Apr high C = 20.0

|May high C = 24.6

|Jun high C = 28.7

|Jul high C = 31.5

|Aug high C = 31.7

|Sep high C = 26.8

|Oct high C = 21.1

|Nov high C = 15.1

|Dec high C = 11.1

| year high C =

|Jan mean C = 6.7

|Feb mean C = 7.8

|Mar mean C = 11.0

|Apr mean C = 14.3

|May mean C = 18.5

|Jun mean C = 22.4

|Jul mean C = 24.9

|Aug mean C = 25.0

|Sep mean C = 20.6

|Oct mean C = 16.2

|Nov mean C = 11.2

|Dec mean C = 7.2

| year mean C =

|Jan low C = 2.6

|Feb low C = 2.9

|Mar low C = 5.6

|Apr low C = 8.5

|May low C = 12.4

|Jun low C = 16.1

|Jul low C = 18.3

|Aug low C = 18.2

|Sep low C = 14.5

|Oct low C = 11.2

|Nov low C = 7.3

|Dec low C = 3.4

| year low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 108

|Feb precipitation mm = 101

|Mar precipitation mm = 94

|Apr precipitation mm = 91

|May precipitation mm = 77

|Jun precipitation mm = 71

|Jul precipitation mm = 39

|Aug precipitation mm = 47

|Sep precipitation mm = 123

|Oct precipitation mm = 157

|Nov precipitation mm = 192

|Dec precipitation mm = 145

|year precipitation mm = 1245

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 9.3

| Feb precipitation days = 8.3

| Mar precipitation days = 8.2

| Apr precipitation days = 9.4

| May precipitation days = 7.1

| Jun precipitation days = 5.8

| Jul precipitation days = 3.2

| Aug precipitation days = 3.6

| Sep precipitation days = 7.4

| Oct precipitation days = 9.8

| Nov precipitation days = 11.6

| Dec precipitation days = 11.4

| year precipitation days =95.2

| source 1 = Consorzio LaMMA{{cite web

| url = https://www.lamma.toscana.it/clima-e-energia/climatologia/clima-lucca

| title = Climatologia di Lucca 1991-2020

| publisher= Consorzio LaMMA

| access-date = 26 November 2024}}

| source 2 = Temperature estreme in Toscana{{cite web

| url = http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/provincia-di-lucca/lucca-istituto-di-igiene-e-profilassi/

|language = it

|title=Lucca Istituto di Igiene e Profilassi

| publisher = Temperature estreme in Toscana

| access-date = 26 November 2024}}

}}

{{See also|List of mayors of Lucca}}

{{Historical populations|1861|66061|1871|70537|1881|70404|1901|73465|1911|75464|1921|77880|1931|79852|1936|82300|1951|88302|1961|88428|1971|90995|1981|91246|1991|87100|2001|81862|2011|87200|2021|89078|footnote=Source: ISTAT|cols=2|align=none}}

Lucca is the birthplace of composers Giacomo Puccini (La Bohème and Madama Butterfly), Nicolao Dorati, Francesco Geminiani, Gioseffo Guami, Luigi Boccherini, and Alfredo Catalani. It is also the birthplace of artist Benedetto Brandimarte. Since 2004, Lucca is home to IMT Lucca, a public research institution and a selective graduate school and part of the Superior Graduate Schools in Italy (Grandes écoles).{{cite web|url=http://www.imtlucca.it/ |title=IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca - Scuola di Dottorato IMT Alti Studi di Lucca |publisher=Imtlucca.it |date=2011-09-29 |access-date=2011-10-10}}

File:Torre Guinigi.jpg]]

Lucca hosts the annual Lucca Summer Festival. The 2006 edition featured live performances by Eric Clapton, Placebo, Massive Attack, Roger Waters, Tracy Chapman, and Santana at the Piazza Napoleone. For the 2025 edition, Riccardo Cocciante is scheduled to perform.{{Cite web |last=Giusti |first=Gilda |date=2025-03-05 |title=Riccardo Cocciante torna al Lucca Summer Festival: concerto in piazza Napoleone dopo 16 anni |url=https://www.firenzepost.it/2025/03/05/riccardo-cocciante-torna-al-lucca-summer-festival-concerto-in-piazza-napoleone-dopo-16-anni/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Firenze Post |language=it-IT}}

Lucca hosts the annual Lucca Comics and Games festival, Europe's largest festival for comics, movies, games and related subjects.

Other events include:

• Lucca Film Festival{{cite web| url = http://www.vistanova.it/index.php?lang=en| title = Lucca Film Festival| access-date = 2011-02-03| archive-date = 2012-03-13| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204325/http://www.vistanova.it/index.php?lang=en| url-status = dead}}
• Lucca Digital Photography Fest{{cite web| url = http://www.ldpf.it/index.php?lang=en| title = Lucca Digital Photo Fest| access-date = 2011-02-03| archive-date = 2016-03-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305214431/http://ldpf.it/index.php?lang=en| url-status = dead}}
• Procession of Santa Croce, on 13 September. Costume procession through the town's roads.
• Lucca Jazz Donna{{cite web| url = http://www.luccajazzdonna.it/| title = Lucca Jazz Donna}}
• Lucca Classica Music Festival{{Cite web |title=Lucca Classica Music Festival {{!}} La grande musica è qui |url=https://www.luccaclassica.it/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |language=it-IT}}

Moreover, Lucca hosts Lucca Biennale Cartasia,{{Cite web |title=Lucca Biennale - Cartasia {{!}} Turismo Lucca |url=https://www.luccabiennalecartasia.com/}} an international biennial contemporary art exhibition focusing solely on Paper Art.

Mauro Bolognini's 1958 film Giovani mariti, with Sylva Koscina, is set and was filmed in Lucca.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Sergio Martino's 1993 miniseries Private Crimes, starring Edwige Fenech, is set and was filmed in Lucca.

Top Gear filmed the third episode of the 17th season here.

Lucca is also known for its marble deposits. After a fire in the early 1900s, the West Wing of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario was rebuilt with marble sourced in Lucca. The floor mosaic in the West Wing was hand-laid and is constructed entirely of Italian, Lucca marble.

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File:Torre dell'orologio, view 11 via fillungo, san frediano.JPG

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File:Lucca veduta TorreOrologio2.jpg

The walls encircling the old town remain intact, even though the city has expanded and been modernised, which is unusual for cities in this region. These walls were built initially as a defensive rampart which, after losing their military importance, became a pedestrian promenade (the Passeggiata delle Mure Urbane) atop the walls which not only links the Bastions of Santa Croce, San Frediano, San Martino, San Pietro/Battisti, San Salvatore, La Libertà/Cairoli, San Regolo, San Colombano, Santa Maria, San Paolino/Catalani and San Donato but also passes over the gates (Porte) of San Donato, Santa Maria, San Jacopo, Elisa, San Pietro, and Sant'Anna. Each of the four principal sides of the structure is lined with a tree species different from the others.

The walled city is encircled by Piazzale Boccherini, Viale Lazzaro Papi, Viale Carlo Del Prete, Piazzale Martiri della Libertà, Via Batoni, Viale Agostino Marti, Viale G. Marconi (vide Guglielmo Marconi), Piazza Don A. Mei, Viale Pacini, Viale Giusti, Piazza Curtatone, Piazzale Ricasoli, Viale Ricasoli, Piazza Risorgimento (vide Risorgimento), and Viale Giosuè Carducci.

The town includes a number of public squares, most notably the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, (site of the ancient Roman amphitheater), the Piazzale Verdi, the Piazza Napoleone, and the Piazza San Michele.

File:Palazzo mansi, cortile 02.JPG]]

File:Lucca-teatro del Giglio-complesso1.jpg]]

File:Statua di Giacomo Puccini - Lucca - panoramio.jpg

File:Lucca San Michele in Foro 01.jpg]]

File:San Michele, Antraccoli, Lucca.jpg

• Ducal Palace: built on the site of Castruccio Castracani's fortress. Construction was begun by Ammannati in 1577–1582 and continued by Juvarra in the eighteenth century
• Pfanner Palace
• Villa Garzoni, noted for its water gardens
• Casa di Puccini: House of the opera composer, at the nearby Torre del Lago, where the composer spent his summers. A Puccini opera festival takes place every July–August
• Torre delle Ore: ("The Clock Tower")
• Guinigi Tower and House: Panoramic view from tower-top balcony with oak trees
• National Museum of Villa Guinigi
• National Museum of Palazzo Mansi
• Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca: botanical garden dating from 1820
• Academy of Sciences (1584)
• Palazzo Cenami: Renaissance palace once owned by the Arnolfini family
• Teatro del Giglio: nineteenth-century opera house

There are many medieval, a few as old as the eighth century, basilica-form churches with richly arcaded façades and campaniles

• Duomo di San Martino: St Martin's Cathedral
• San Michele in Foro: Romanesque church
• San Giusto: Romanesque church
• Basilica di San Frediano
• SanSan Romano, Luccat'Alessandro{{cite web|url=http://www.tuscanypass.com/tuscany_attractions/13131_church-of-sant-alessandro-maggiore.html |title=Church of Sant'Alessandro Maggiore | Lucca |publisher=Tuscanypass.com |date=2010-12-16 |access-date=2013-03-26 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123230326/http://www.tuscanypass.com/tuscany_attractions/13131_church-of-sant-alessandro-maggiore.html |archive-date=2013-01-23 }} an example of medieval classicism
• Santa Giulia: Lombard church rebuilt in thirteenth century
• San Michele: church at Antraccoli, founded in 777, it was enlarged and rebuilt in the twelfth century with the introduction of a sixteenth-century portico
• San Giorgio church in the locality of Brancoli, built in the late twelfth century has a bell tower in Lombard-Romanesque style, the interior houses a massive ambo (1194) with four columns mounted on lion sculptures, a highly decorated Romanesque octagonal baptismal fount, and the altar is supported by six small columns with human figures
• San Lorenzo di Moriano, a 12th century Romanesque style parish church
• San Romano, erected by the Dominican order in the second half of the 13th century, is today a deconsecrated Roman Catholic Church located on Piazza San Romano in the center of Lucca

• Museo della Cattedrale
• Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca

Since 2005, Lucca hosts IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, a selective graduate and doctoral school which is part of the Italian superior graduate school system. Its main educational facilities are located at the San Francesco Convent Complex and Campus, and the former Renaissance-style Roman Catholic church of San Ponziano now hosts the university library.

Association football arrived in Lucca in 1905 and has its roots in Brazil, thanks to a number of fans that helped found the club who had learned the game in Brazil. The Lucchese 1905, or simply Lucchese, plays in Serie C, the third tier of Italian football, having last been in top tier Serie A in 1952. The club plays its home games at Stadio Porta Elisa, just outside the northeast wall of the city.{{Cite web|url=https://www.lucchese1905.it/societa/storia/|title=History of the Lucchese 1905|website=www.lucchese1905.it}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lucchese1905.it/stadio//|title=Stadium of the Lucchese 1905|website=www.lucchese1905.it|date=6 July 2017 }}

Consorzio Lucchese Autotrasporti Pubblici, also known as CLAP, was established in 1969, as the main company in the Province of Lucca to manage the local public transport. In 2005, following the decision of the Region to assign the local public transport to a single operator for each of the 14 lots constituted, CLAP merged with the companies Lazzi and C.LU.B. Scpa to form the consortium VaiBus which was absorbed by the newly formed company CTT Nord in 2012. VaiBus was part of ONE Scarl the consortium holder of the two-year (2018-2019) contract for the management of the TPL throughout the Region.{{cite web |url = https://lucca.cttnord.it/chi-siamo/P/397 |title = Lucca CTT Soluzione per la mobilità |publisher = CTT Nord |access-date = 30 May 2022 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220523160200/https://lucca.cttnord.it/chi-siamo/P/397 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |url-status=dead}}

Since 1 November 2021 the public local transport is managed by Autolinee Toscane.{{cite web | url = https://www.at-bus.it/it/notizie/354-guida-al-primo-giorno-di-servizio.html | title = Guida al primo giorno di servizio | website = Autolinee Toscane | access-date = 4 June 2022}}

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• St. Anselm of Lucca (1036–1086), bishop of Lucca
• Giovanni Arnolfini (1400–1472), merchant and patron of the arts
• Pompeo Batoni (1708–1787), painter
• Giovanni Antonio Bianchi (1686–1768), friar, theologian, and poet
• Simone Bianchi (born 1972), comics artist[http://www.simonebianchi.com/uk/about.php "About"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211155807/http://www.simonebianchi.com/uk/about.php |date=2010-02-11 }} SimoneBianchi.com, retrieved March 25, 2012
• Luigi Boccherini (1743–1805), musician and composer
• Elisa Bonaparte (1777–1820), ruler of Lucca
• Anthony Bonvisi (1470s–1558), merchant and banker in London
• Giulio Carmassi (born 1981), pop musician
• Castruccio Castracani (1316–1328), ruler of Lucca
• Alfredo Catalani (1854–1893), composer
• Gusmano Cesaretti (born 1944), photographer and artist
• Mario Cipollini (born 1967), cyclist
• Alfredo Ciucci (born 1920), football player
• Matteo Civitali (1436–1501), sculptor
• Ivan Della Mea (1940–2009), singer-songwriter
• Theodoric Borgognoni (1205–1296/8), medieval surgeon
• Marco Antonio Franciotti (1592–1666), bishop of Lucca
• Ernesto Filippi (born 1950), football referee
• Saint Frediano (6th century), Irish prince and hermit, bishop of Lucca
• St. Gemma Galgani, mystic and saint
• Francesco Geminiani (1687–1762), musician and composer
• Giovanni Battista Giusti (c.1624–c.1693), harpsichord maker
• Gioseffo Guami (1542–1611), composer
• Leo I (died 1079), saint
• Pope Lucius III (1097–1185)
• Vincenzo Lunardi (1754–1806), aeronautical pioneer aeronautThe Quarterly Review, vol. 139 [https://books.google.com/books?id=3DwMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA112 Google Books]
• Ludovico Marracci (1612–1700), priest and first translator of the Qur'an into Latin
• Felice Matteucci (1808–1887), engineer
• Mazzino Montinari (1928–1986), germanicist and Nietzsche scholar
• Italo Meschi (1887–1957), harp guitarist, poet, anarchist-pacifist
• Julian Niccolini, restaurateur
• Leo Nomellini (1924–2000), athlete
• Mario Pannunzio (1910–1968), journalist and politician
• Marcello Pera (born 1943), politician and philosopher
• Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924), composer
• Eros Riccio (born 1977), chess player
• Marco Rossi, footballer
• Daniele Rugani (born 1994), footballer
• Renato Salvatori (1933–1988), actor
• Carlo Sforza (1872–1952), diplomat and politician
• Pellegrino Tomeoni (1721-1816), composer and organist
• Rinaldo and Ezilda Torre, founded the Torani syrup company in San Francisco using Luccan recipes from their hometown
• Nicola Fanucchi (born 1964), actor and director
• Rolando Ugolini (1924–2014), athlete
• Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888–1970), poet
• Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730), scientist and physician
• Alfredo Volpi (1896–1988), painter
• Hugh of Lucca (1160–c.1259), medieval surgeon
• Saint Zita (c.1212–1272), saint

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{{wide image|Piazza Anfiteatro Lucca 360.jpg|1000px|Piazza dell'Anfiteatro}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

Lucca is twinned with:{{cite web|title=Lucca e i gemellaggi|url=http://www.comune.lucca.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1467|website=comune.lucca.it|publisher=Lucca|language=it|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216162648/http://www.comune.lucca.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1467|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |title=Ystävyyskaupungit|url=https://www.hameenlinna.fi/hallinto-ja-talous/tietoa-hameenlinnasta/ystavyyskaupungit/|website=hameenlinna.fi|publisher=Hämeenlinna|language=fi|access-date=2019-12-16}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|ENG}} Abingdon, England, United Kingdom
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Colmar, France
• {{flagicon|NED}} Gorinchem, The Netherlands
• {{flagicon|FIN}} Hämeenlinna, Finland
• {{flagicon|GER}} Schongau, Germany
• {{flagicon|BEL}} Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
• {{flagicon|USA}} South San Francisco, United States

{{div col end}}

• Castruccio Castracani
• Duchy of Lucca
• Republic of Lucca
• Walls of Lucca

{{Reflist}}

{{See also|Timeline of Lucca#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Lucca}}

{{commons|Lucca}}

{{wikivoyage}}

• [http://www.comune.lucca.it Municipality website]
• [http://www.luccamuseinazionali.it/?l=en National Museum of Villa Guinigi]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722041528/http://www.luccamuseinazionali.it/content.php?p=pm_edificio Museum of Villa Mansi]
• [http://www.museocattedralelucca.it/ Lu.C.C.A.] Museum of the Archaeology of the Lucca Cathedral

{{Province of Lucca}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Tuscany

Category:Fortified settlements

Category:Roman sites of Tuscany

Category:Capitals of former nations

Category:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC