Ivan Lipaev
{{short description|Russian composer}}
Ivan Vasilievich Lipaev ({{langx|ru|Иван Васильевич Липаев}}, 1865–1942) was a Russian music critic, composer, writer, social advocate, pedagogue, and trombonist active in both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.{{cite book |last1=Ильинский |first1=А. А. |last2=Пахульский |first2=Г. А. |title=Биографии композиторов с IV-XX век с портретами |date=1904 |publisher=Издание К. А. Дурново |location=Moscow |page=677 |language=ru}}{{cite book |last1=Keldysh |first1=G. V. |last2=Aranovskii |first2=M. G. |title=Muzykalʹnyĭ ėnt︠s︡iklopedicheskiĭ slovarʹ |date=1990 |location=Moscow |isbn=9785852700339 |page=305 |language=ru}} He played trombone in Russia's first brass quartet starting in around 1888, and in the Bolshoi Theatre orchestra from 1893 to 1912 and from 1924–31. He was also dedicated to the modernization of music pedagogy in the Russian empire and advocated for better conditions for music students and orchestra members. He was made Honored Artist of the RSFSR in 1925.
Biography
Lipaev was born on 16 May 1865 in the village of Spiridonovka, Bobrovskaya Volost, Samarsky Uyezd, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire. Starting in 1882 he studied trombone and composition at the School of Music and Drama of the Moscow Philharmonic Society and at the Moscow Conservatory.{{cite book |last1=Sargeant |first1=Lynn M. |title=Harmony and discord : music and the transformation of Russian cultural life |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199735266 |pages=172–3}}
In around 1888 he was a founding member of a new brass quartet at the Bolshoi Theatre, the first such quartet in Russia.{{cite book |last1=Tarr |first1=Edward H. |title=East meets west: the Russian trumpet tradition from the time of Peter the Great to the October Revolution, with a lexicon of trumpeters active in Russia from the seventeenth century to the twentieth |date=2003 |publisher=Pendragon Press |location=Hillsdale, NY |isbn=9781576470282 |page=105}} The quartet became very popular and toured widely; its repertoire consisted mostly of Russian folk songs and operatic arias. Lipaev also joined the Bolshoi theatre orchestra from 1893 onwards. He also founded and led a mutual aid organization for orchestra musicians in 1903. After the turn of the century some members of the quartet moved on, and trumpeter Vassily Brandt joined; Lipaev remained in it until around 1912.{{cite book |last1=Tarr |first1=Edward H. |title=East meets west: the Russian trumpet tradition from the time of Peter the Great to the October Revolution, with a lexicon of trumpeters active in Russia from the seventeenth century to the twentieth |date=2003 |publisher=Pendragon Press |location=Hillsdale, NY |isbn=9781576470282 |page=112}}
His writing career began in around 1885; thereafter he would publish and work prodigiously in a number of publications as editor, music critic, and correspondent. Among the publications he wrote for were {{transliteration|ru|Novosti dnya}} ({{lang|ru|Новости дня}}, 1885—1901), {{transliteration|ru|Teatr i zhizn'}} ({{lang|ru|Театр и жизнь}}, 1888—1890), {{transliteration|ru|Russkiy listok}} ({{lang|ru|Русский листок}}, 1893—1904), {{transliteration|ru|Teatr, izvestiya}} ({{lang|ru|Театр, известия}}, 1893—1900), {{transliteration|ru|Teatral}} ({{lang|ru|Театрал}}, 1895—1897), {{transliteration|ru|Teatr i iskusstvo}} ({{lang|ru|Театр и искусство}}, 1897—1898), {{transliteration|ru|Muzyka i zhizn'}} ({{lang|ru|Музыка и жизнь}}, 1908—1912), {{transliteration|ru|Saratovskiy listok}} ({{lang|ru|Саратовский листок}}, 1913—1917), and {{transliteration|ru|Rabis}} ({{lang|ru|Рабис}}, 1927—1930). At times he published under the pseudonyms Ivel, Samarov, or Volgarev.{{cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of Pseudonyms. |date=2010 |publisher=De Gruyter |location=New York |url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/IEP/entry/pseudo_05_426245/html |language=en |chapter=Lipaev, Ivan Vasil'evič}} In 1896 he also became correspondent for {{transliteration|ru|Russkaya muzykal'naya gazeta}} (Russian Musical Gazette, {{langx|ru|Русская музыкальная газета}}), a position he held until 1917. He also founded two short-lived publications which he edited himself. The first, founded in 1906, was called {{transliteration|ru|Muzykalny truzhenik}} (Musical Worker, {{lang|ru|Музыкальный труженик}}). After that journal ceased publication in 1910 he founded a new one called {{transliteration|ru|Orkestr}} ({{lang|ru|Оркестр}}), which described and analyzed the lives of ordinary orchestral musicians; it lasted until 1912.{{cite book |title=Оркестр: двухнедельный журнал : [microform |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1062313608 |via=WorldCat |oclc=1062313608 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}{{cite journal |last1=Sargeant |first1=Lynn M. |title=High Anxiety: New Venues, New Audiences, and the Fear of the Popular in Late Imperial Russian Musical Life |journal=19th-Century Music |date=1 November 2011 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=93–114 |doi=10.1525/ncm.2011.35.2.93 |url=https://doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2011.35.2.93 |language=en |issn=0148-2076|url-access=subscription }} He was also interested in Jewish music, was a friend of pioneering ethnomusicologist Joel Engel, and published what may have been the first scholarly examination of Klezmer music in a 1904 issue of {{transliteration|ru|Russkaya muzykal'naya gazeta}}.{{cite book |last1=Loeffler |first1=James Benjamin |title=The most musical nation : Jews and culture in the late Russian empire |date=2010 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=9780300137132 |page=65}}{{cite book |last1=Feldman |first1=Walter Zev |title=Klezmer: Music, History, and Memory |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190636418 |pages=118–21}}
In 1912 he followed Vassily Brandt to Saratov, leaving the Bolshoi and the quartet, and soon started teaching trombone and music history at the Saratov Conservatory.{{cite book |last1=Tarr |first1=Edward H. |title=East meets west : the Russian trumpet tradition from the time of Peter the Great to the October Revolution, with a lexicon of trumpeters active in Russia from the seventeenth century to the twentieth |date=2003 |publisher=Pendragon Press |location=Hillsdale, NY |isbn=9781576470282 |page=180}} During his early years there he published a number of biographies of composers and musicians including Alexander Scriabin, Alexander Taneyev, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. He became a professor at the Saratov Conservatory in 1917. He left the conservatory in 1921. From 1923 to 1934 he taught Music History at various music colleges in Moscow. From 1924 onwards he also returned to playing in the Bolshoi Theatre orchestra.
Lipaev died in Tashkent on 25 September 1942. His papers were donated to the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art and other institutions.
Selected works
- Essays on the way of life of orchestral musicians ({{lang|ru|Очерки быта оркестровыхъ музыкантовъ}}, 1891){{cite book |title=Очерки быта оркестровыхъ музыкантовъ |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1037879995 |via=WorldCat |oclc=1037879995 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}{{cite web |title=Ocherki byta orkestrovykh muzykantov |url=https://archive.org/details/ocherkibytaorkes008800 |website=Internet Archive |date=1891 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- Arthur Nikish, orchestra director ({{lang|ru|Артур Никиш, дирижёр оркестра}}, 1903){{cite book |title=Artur Nikish, dirizher orkestra; biografia i kharakteristika. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/81669039 |via=WorldCat |oclc=81669039 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- Wagneriana: A satellite of operas and musical dramas ({{lang|ru|Вагнериана. Спутник опер и музыкальных драм}}, 1904){{cite book |title=Wagneriana: Sputnik oper i muzykal'nykh dram Rikh. Wagnera |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/810414401 |via=WorldCat |oclc=810414401 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- Orchestral musicians ({{lang|ru|Оркестровые музыканты}}, 1904){{cite web |title=Оркестровые музыканты: Ист. и быт. очерки |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01003722125 |website=РОССИЙСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- Finnish Music: an essay ({{lang|ru|Финская музыка: очерк}}, 1906){{cite book |title=Финская музыка: очерк |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040981105 |via=WorldCat |oclc=1040981105 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- A. N. Skriabin ({{lang|ru|А. Н. Скрябин}}, 1913){{cite book |title=A. N. Skri︠a︡bin: biograficheskīĭ nabrosok, kharakteristika muzykalʹnykh proizvedenīĭ, esteticheskīi︠a︡ problemy, spisok sochinenīĭ. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1233144203 |via=WorldCat |oclc=1233144203 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- S.V. Rakhmaninov ({{lang|ru|С. В. Рахманинов}}, 1913){{cite book |title=S.V. Rakhmaninov |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45238011 |via=WorldCat |oclc=45238011 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- S. I. Tanev: life, activity, music, works, list of compositions ({{lang|ru|С.И. Танѣев: жизнь, деятельность, музык, произведения, список сочинений}}, 1915)
- A History of music ({{lang|ru|Исторія музыки: курс лекцій, читанных в Саратовской Императорской Алексѣевской консерваторіи}}, 1915){{cite book |title=Исторія музыки: курс лекцій, читанных в Саратовской Императорской Алексѣевской консерваторіи |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62175243 |via=WorldCat |oclc=62175243 |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
- History of the Bolshoi theatre orchestra ({{lang|ru|Былое оркестра Большого театра}}, 1924)
- Twenty Tuba Exercises ({{lang|ru|Двадцать упражнений для тубы}}, 1927){{cite web |title=Двадцать упражнений для тубы |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01004471917 |website=РОССИЙСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА |access-date=16 October 2021 |language=ru}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lipaev, Ivan}}
Category:People from Samara Oblast
Category:People from Samarsky Uyezd
Category:Biographers from the Russian Empire
Category:Trombonists from the Russian Empire
Category:Soviet classical musicians
Category:Soviet classical composers
Category:Composers from the Russian Empire
Category:Music critics from the Russian Empire
Category:Soviet music educators
Category:19th-century male musicians from the Russian Empire
Category:Newspaper editors from the Russian Empire
Category:Moscow Conservatory alumni