Jaapi
{{short description|Traditional conical hat of Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
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{{Culture of Assam}}
Jaapi or Japi (Bodo: Khofri) is an Asian conical hat. It is made from tightly woven bamboo and/or cane and tokou paat (Trachycarpus martianus) a large, palm leaf. The word jaapi derives from jaap meaning a bundle of tokou leaves. In the past, plain jaapis were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate decorative jaapis were worn as a status symbol by the royalty and nobility. Decorative sorudoi jaapi are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving.
History
The medieval Sutiya kings used the jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Sutiya king gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis (Kup-ngiun-kham) to the Ahom king Suhungmung (1497–1539) as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523.{{sfn|Khanikar|1991|p=100}}{{Cite web |url=http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf |title="Then the Sutiyâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi (Kup-ngiun-kham), gold bracelets (Mao-kham), gold basket (Liu-kham), gold ring (Khup-kham), gold bookstand (Khu-tin-kham), gold pirâ (Kham-ku), horse (Ma), elephant (Chang-pai), and two Âroans (Phra-nun) and Xorais (Phun) to the Ahom king." |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728195005/http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf |url-status=dead }} After annexing Sadiya in 1524, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.{{sfn|Mahanta|1945|p=10}} In the year 1525, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis obtained from the Sutiya king and other items, to negotiate peace with the Mongkawng chief Phukloimung, a Shan state in present Kachin State of Upper Myanmar (called Nora in Buranjis) who had attacked Sadiya.{{sfn|Bhuyan|1960|p=62}} During the Ahom rule, Jaapi-hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Sutiyas, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis."The Sutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, the Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Sutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them."{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}} Apart from this, the Baro-Bhuyans of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the Satsari Buranji, the Ahom kings adopted the Tongali, Hasoti and Tokou-patia Japi from the Baro-Bhuyans.{{sfn|Bhuyan|1960|p=135}}
File:Rice 02.jpg|A rice farmer in northern Cambodia wearing a {{lang|km-Latn|do'un}} similar to Jaapi
File:Varun Japi.jpg|Upper metal part of an ancient Varun (Tupi) Japi known as Sula used during the rule of Sutiya kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.
File:Jaapi.jpg|Sarudaya jaapi
File:DecorativeJaapi.jpg|An ornately made jaapi
File:Japi.JPG|A jaapi at Kalakhetra, Guwahati
File:Jaapi,Dhemaji.jpg|Jaapis made in Dhemaji
Cultural symbol
Today the jaapi is an important symbol of Assam and its culture. It is used during Bihu dance, as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house especially in the walls as a welcome sign.{{sfn|Handoo|2003|p=46}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=reuQbFK9Rz4C&dq=jAPI+WORN+Bihu+dance,&pg=PA98|title=Assam General Knowledge|publisher=Bright Publications|isbn=9788171994519|pages=98}}
Types
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- Sorudoi japi: Used by women, especially brides.
- Bordoi japi: Used by royalty since ancient times (Kamrupa).
- Panidoi/Haluwa japi: Used by farmers in fields.
- Garakhiya japi: Used by cattle herders.
- Pitha japi: Used as hoods, sometimes during cultivation.
- Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats.
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See also
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- Conical Asian hat
- Culture of Assam
- List of hat styles
- List of headgear
- Textiles and dresses of Assam
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References
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External links
- {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}}
- {{citation|last=Khanikar|first=S|title=Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti|year=1991}}
- {{citation|last=Bhuyan|first=Surjya K.|title=Satsari Buranji|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452953/page/n86/mode/1up|year=1960}}
- {{citation|last=Handoo|first=Jawaharlal|title=Folklore in the Changing Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8VuAAAAMAAJ&q=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture|publisher=Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya|year=2003|location=Original from Indiana University}}
- {{citation |last=Mahanta |first=S |title=Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YELHow5lP9kC |year=1945}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120220023856/http://www.teafestivalassam.com/generalinfo.html Some information about Assamese culture]
{{Hats}}
{{Clothing}}
{{Clothing in South Asia}}
Category:History of Asian clothing