Asian conical hat

English terms for the hat include sedge hat, rice hat, paddy hat, bamboo hat, and{{mdash}}historically but now only offensively{{Cite web |title=Definition of COOLIE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coolie |access-date=2022-01-05 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Definition of coolie {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/coolie |access-date=2022-01-05 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en}}{{mdash}}coolie hat.{{Cite web |title=Coolie hat - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coolie%20hat}}

In Southeast Asia, it is known as {{lang|km|do'un}} (ដួន) in Cambodia; {{lang|id|caping}} or {{lang|id|seraung}} in Indonesia; {{lang|lo-Latn|koup}} ({{lang|lo|ກຸບ}}) in Laos; {{lang|zsm|terendak}} in Malaysia; {{lang|th-Latn|ngop}} ({{lang|th|งอบ}}) in Thailand; {{lang|my-Latn|khamauk}} ({{lang|my|ခမောက်}}) in Myanmar; {{lang|fil|salakót (ᜐᜎᜃᜓᜆ᜔), sarók, sadók, s'laong, hallidung, kallugong}}, and {{lang|fil|tabungaw}} among other names in the Philippines; and {{lang|vi|nón tơi or nón chằm lá}} in Vietnam.{{cn|date=January 2012}}

In East Asia it is called {{lang|zh-Latn|dǒulì}} ({{lang|zh|斗笠}}, literally meaning a "one-{{lang|zh-Latn|dǒu}} bamboo hat") in China; {{nihongo|kasa|笠}} in Japan; and {{lang|ko-Latn|satgat}} ({{lang|ko|삿갓}}) in Korea.

In South Asia, it is known as {{lang|as-Latn|jaapi}} in Assam (India); in Bangladesh it is known as {{lang|bn-Latn|mathal}} ({{lang|bn|মাথাল}}).{{Cite web |title=Bamboo Craft |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bamboo_Craft |publisher=Banglapedia}}

Asian conical hats are, throughout Asia, primarily used as a form of protection from the sun and rain. When made of straw or other woven materials, it can be dipped in water and worn as an impromptu evaporative cooling device.{{Cite web |title=Conical Hats |url=http://www.nguyentientam.com/conicalhat.html |access-date=2012-05-23 |publisher=Nguyentientam.com}}

In China, it was typically associated with farmers, while mandarins wore tighter circular caps, especially in the winter.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mandarin|volume=17|pages=55–559; see page 558; lines 3 to 5|quote=The term 'mandarin' is ...[applied]... only to those who are entitled to wear a 'button,' which is a spherical knob, about an inch in diameter, affixed to the top of the official cap or hat}} There are several conical hat types worn during the Qing dynasty (see Qing official headwear).

{{Main|Kasa (hat)}}

{{Multiple image

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| image1 = Japanese buddhist monk hat by Arashiyama cut.jpg

| caption1 = A straw cone hat worn by a Japanese buddhist monk

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| caption2 = Japanese jingasa worn by samurai

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It is also widely understood in East Asia, most notably Japan, where they were known as {{lang|ja-Latn|kasa}}, as a symbol of Buddhism, as it is traditionally worn by pilgrims and Buddhist monks in search of alms.

Sturdier, even metal, variants, known as {{lang|ja-Latn|jingasa}} (battle kasa), were also worn by samurai and foot-soldiers in Japan, as helmets.{{cn|date=January 2012}}

{{Main|Salakot}}

File:Philippine military uniforms - 1862.jpg in 1862 showing the salakot (right) worn as part of the traje de campaña (campaign uniform) and Rayadillo. This later evolved into pith helmet in British India.]]

File:Filipina Salakot farmer.jpg]]

In the Philippines, the salakót is more commonly a pointed dome-shape, rather than conical, with a spike or knob finial. Unlike most other mainland Asian conical hats, it is characterized by an inner headband in addition to a chinstrap. It can be made from various materials including bamboo, rattan, nito, bottle gourd, buri straw, nipa leaves, pandan leaves, and carabao horn. The plain type is typically worn by farmers, but nobles in the pre-colonial period (and later principalia in the Spanish period) crafted ornate variations with jewels, precious metals, or tortoiseshell. These are considered heirloom objects passed down from generation to generation within families.{{Cite book |last=Peralta |first=Jesus T. |url=https://www.unesco-ichcap.org/eng/ek/sub3/pdf_file/domain5/095_Salakot_and_Other_Headgear.pdf |title=Salakot and Other Headgear |date=2013 |publisher=National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) & Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (ICHCAP), UNESCO |page=232}}{{Cite web |last=Nocheseda |first=Elmer I. |title=The Filipino And The Salacot |url=https://www.tagalog-dictionary.com/articles/the-filipino-and-the-salacot |access-date=3 March 2020 |website=Tagalog Dictionary}}

The salakót was also commonly worn by native soldiers in the Spanish colonial army. It was adopted by Spanish troops in the early 18th century as part of their campaign uniform. In doing so, it became the direct precursor of the pith helmet (still called salacot or salacco in Spanish and French).{{Cite news |last=Antón |first=Jacinto |date=5 December 2013 |title=La romántica elegancia de Salacot |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2013/12/05/icon/1386262369_386718.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403231049/http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/12/05/icon/1386262369_386718.html |archive-date=3 April 2017 |via=elpais.com}}

{{Main|Nón lá}}

In Vietnam, the nón lá, {{lang|vi|nón tơi}} ("hats"), {{lang|vi|nón gạo}} ("rice hat"), {{lang|vi|nón dang}} ("conical hat") or {{lang|vi|nón trúc}} ("bamboo hat") forms a perfect right circular cone which tapers smoothly from the base to the apex. Special conical hats in Vietnam contain colourful hand-stitch depictions or words. The {{lang|vi|Huế|italic=no}} varieties are famous for their {{lang|vi|nón bài thơ}} (lit. poem conical hats) and contain random poetic verses and Chữ Hán, which can be revealed when the hat is directed above one's head in the sunlight. In modernity, they have become part of Vietnam's national costume.{{Cite web |title=Vietnamese Costumes: Non toi |url=https://www.vietnamonline.com/culture/non-la.html}}

In India, Bangladesh{{cite news |author=মৃত্যুঞ্জয় রায় |date=17 April 2022 |title=বাংলার মাথাল |language=Bengali |trans-title=Mathal of Bengal |work=Daily Naya Diganta |location=Dhaka, Bangladesh |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/daily/657585/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2 |access-date=14 November 2023}} and Borneo, the plain conical hat was worn by commoners during their daily work, but more decoratively-colored ones were used for festivities. In Sabah, the colorful conical hat is worn for certain dances while in Assam they are hung in homes as decoration or worn by the upper classes for special occasions.{{cn|date=January 2012}}

File:Jaapi.jpg|A decorative Assamese jaapi constructed with bamboo while the decorations are felt, threads and tin glitter

File:Farmer (9234094254).jpg|A farmer in Bangladesh wearing a {{lang|bn-Latn|mathal}} ({{lang|bn|মাথাল}})

File:Conical hats 04.jpg|A selection of conical hats in Hainan, China

File:Nón lá đồ chơi.jpg|Souvenir {{lang|vi|nón tơi}} for tourists from Vietnam

File:Rice 02.jpg|Rice farmer in northern Cambodia wearing a {{lang|km-Latn|do'un}}

File:Penampang Sabah Kaamatan-Celebrations-2014-07.jpg|Conical hats of the Dusun people in Sabah, Malaysia

File:Silver enlaid salakot.jpg|A silver inlaid Filipino {{lang|fil|salakót}}

File:A Corean in mourning clothes.jpg|A Korean man in traditional mourning clothes and {{lang|ko-Latn|satgat}}

File:Making conical hats - Hue countryside.jpg|Making conical hats ({{lang|vi|nón tơi}}) in {{lang|vi|Huế|italic=no}} countryside, Vietnam

File:Three Moro women in Jolo, Sulu.jpg|Three {{lang|fil|Sama-Bajau|italic=no}} women wearing {{lang|fil|saruk}} from Jolo, Sulu, Philippines, c.1900

File:Silver-inlaid tortoiseshell salakot.jpg|Tortoiseshell and silver {{lang|fil|salakót}} from the Philippines

File:Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Money Museum salakot display.jpg|A Philippine Salakót

File:Piero della Francesca - 8. Battle between Heraclius and Chosroes - WGA17551.jpg depicting a Persian soldier as an East Asian wearing a conical hat.]]

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{{reflist|4}}

{{Commons category|Conical straw hats}}

• [https://www.rehahnphotographer.com/non-la-vietnamese-conical-hat Conical hats in Vietnam]
• [http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=conical+hat Conical straw hats gallery]

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