Jacobabad

The city is named after Brigadier-General John Jacob CB (1812–1858), an officer of the British East India Company who ruled this region during the last decade of his life. He is also known for the cavalry regiment called 36th Jacob's Horse. Jacob was a graduate of Addiscombe Military Seminary. He was commissioned into the Bombay Artillery (Bombay Army) on his 16th birthday, and subsequently sailed for India in January 1828, never to set foot in England again. According to travel writer Salman Rashid, it was local residents "who took to calling the new settlement ‘Jekumbad’", later renamed to Jacobabad by the British rulers.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} The scale of progress and prosperity Jacob's works brought to the region can be appreciated by comparing those regions' relative prosperity at the time, compared to areas which were not under his administrative jurisdiction.{{Cite web | url=http://www.dawn.com/news/720466/remembering-general-john-jacob-an-able-administrator-and-a-master-planne |title = Remembering General John Jacob – an able administrator and a master planner|date = 22 May 2012}}

In 1847 Jacob was placed in political charge of the frontier and established his headquarters at the village of Khangurh (or Khanger). He started building infrastructure for the town around the village. Being an architect and an engineer himself, he designed and then executed the plans of laying a wide road network around the town that measured a good 600 miles (965 km). In that he resolved the problem of unavailability of potable water for the residents by excavating a tank that contained water brought from Indus through a canal. His biggest and most important feat was the excavation of Begaree Canal, originating from Guddu barrage on river Indus, going round the district irrigating thousands of acres of land previously uncultivated, thereby providing means of living to thousands of people.

After the British Raj, the city was ruled by a Sardar, Azad Khan Jakhrani

This City is mostly Populated by Baloch Tribes

In November 2010, then Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announced that University of Information Technology would be established in Jacobabad.{{cite web |url= http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=6278 |title=Jacobabad to have IT university: PM |work=thenews.com.pk |access-date=27 January 2012}}

{{Historical populations|1951|22827|1961|35278|1972|57,596|1981|79,365|1998|138,780|2017|191,098|2023|219,315|align=center|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:{{cite web |title=Population by administrative units 1951-1998 |url=https://repository.lahoreschool.edu.pk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/13673/Administrative%20Units.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1 |publisher = Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}}}

According to 2023 census, Jacobabad had a population of 219,315.{{Cite web |title=Jacobābād (Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/sindh/jacobabad/8050201__jacob%C4%81b%C4%81d/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}

Jacobabad has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The city is well known for consistently having among the highest temperature in South Asia, with a mean summer temperature of {{cvt|37|C}}.{{cite book|author=Medical and Physical Society of Bombay|title=Transactions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2COgAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA116|access-date=17 March 2011|year=1857}} The highest recorded temperature is {{convert|52.8|°C|°F}}, and the lowest recorded temperature is {{convert|-3.9|°C|°F}}. Rainfall is low and mainly occurs in the monsoon season (July–September). The average annual rainfall of Jacobabad is 202.5 mm as per 1991-2020 period. The highest annual rainfall ever is 838.7 mm, recorded in 2022, and the lowest annual rainfall ever is 3.3 mm, recorded in 1922.

In the 2022 South Asian heat wave, Jacobabad's mean temperature for the month of May broke the all-time record with {{convert|43|°C|°F}}, reaching or exceeding {{convert|50|°C|°F}} on four days. The city struggles to provide heat-mitigation measures. Many residents who are able to, migrate to higher-elevation Quetta during the summer school break.{{cite news |last1=Tunio |first1=Zoha |title=In Jacobabad, One of the Hottest Cities on the Planet, a Heat Wave Is Pushing the Limits of Human Livability |url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20062022/jacobabad-pakistan-heat-health/ |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=Inside Climate News |date=22 June 2022}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Jacobabad (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present)

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 30.6

|Feb record high C = 34.0

|Mar record high C = 42.1

|Apr record high C = 47.0

|May record high C = 52.8

|Jun record high C = 51.1

|Jul record high C = 47.8

|Aug record high C = 45.0

|Sep record high C = 42.8

|Oct record high C = 41.7

|Nov record high C = 38.0

|Dec record high C = 30.6

| Jan high C = 22.0

| Feb high C = 25.5

| Mar high C = 31.4

| Apr high C = 38.5

| May high C = 43.8

| Jun high C = 44.3

| Jul high C = 40.2

| Aug high C = 37.5

| Sep high C = 36.5

| Oct high C = 35.0

| Nov high C = 29.9

| Dec high C = 24.2

| year high C = 34.1

| Jan mean C = 15.1

| Feb mean C = 18.5

| Mar mean C = 24.2

| Apr mean C = 30.7

| May mean C = 35.7

| Jun mean C = 37.1

| Jul mean C = 34.9

| Aug mean C = 33.1

| Sep mean C = 31.5

| Oct mean C = 28.1

| Nov mean C = 22.4

| Dec mean C = 16.9

| year mean C = 27.4

| Jan low C = 8.1

| Feb low C = 11.5

| Mar low C = 17.0

| Apr low C = 22.8

| May low C = 27.6

| Jun low C = 30.0

| Jul low C = 29.6

| Aug low C = 28.5

| Sep low C = 26.7

| Oct low C = 21.1

| Nov low C = 14.9

| Dec low C = 9.5

| year low C = 20.6

|Jan record low C = −1.1

|Feb record low C = 1.0

|Mar record low C = 6.0

|Apr record low C = 13.5

|May record low C = 18.9

|Jun record low C = 21.0

|Jul record low C = 20.3

|Aug record low C = 22.8

|Sep record low C = 17.8

|Oct record low C = 12.0

|Nov record low C = 3.9

|Dec record low C = 0.3

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 4.6

| Feb precipitation mm = 8.4

| Mar precipitation mm = 11.0

| Apr precipitation mm = 4.9

| May precipitation mm = 4.0

| Jun precipitation mm = 26.8

| Jul precipitation mm = 47.8

| Aug precipitation mm = 54.5

| Sep precipitation mm = 38.2

| Oct precipitation mm = 1.6

| Nov precipitation mm = 11.5

| Dec precipitation mm = 8.7

| year precipitation mm = 212.0

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 1.2

| Feb precipitation days = 1.6

| Mar precipitation days = 1.9

| Apr precipitation days = 1.0

| May precipitation days = 0.7

| Jun precipitation days = 0.7

| Jul precipitation days = 1.9

| Aug precipitation days = 1.7

| Sep precipitation days = 0.6

| Oct precipitation days = 0.3

| Nov precipitation days = 0.3

| Dec precipitation days = 0.9

| year precipitation days = 12.8

|Jan humidity=47

|Feb humidity=40

|Mar humidity=37

|Apr humidity=30

|May humidity=26

|Jun humidity=41

|Jul humidity=56

|Aug humidity=63

|Sep humidity=59

|Oct humidity=46

|Nov humidity=45

|Dec humidity=50

|year humidity=

|Jan sun = 241.9

|Feb sun = 214.7

|Mar sun = 247.5

|Apr sun = 249.4

|May sun = 266.4

|Jun sun = 272.7

|Jul sun = 236.0

|Aug sun = 259.8

|Sep sun = 278.1

|Oct sun = 288.8

|Nov sun = 267.6

|Dec sun = 243.7

|source 1 =NOAA (sun 1961–1990),{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Pakistan/CSV/Jacobabad_41715.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Jacobabad

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = February 6, 2024}}{{cite web

|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/PK/41715.TXT

|title = Jacobabad Climate Normals 1961–1990

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210302233253/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/PK/41715.TXT

|archive-date = 2021-03-02

|url-status = dead

|access-date = 17 January 2013}}{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=41715&ano=2022&mes=4&day=11&hora=6&min=0&ndays=30|title= 41715: Jacobabad (Pakistan)|author= |date= 10 April 2022|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 25 April 2022|quote=}} Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1952-1967)

{{cite web

| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_417150_kt.pdf

| title = Klimatafel von Jacobabad (Flughafen) / Pakistan

| publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure

| access-date = September 17, 2016}}

}}

The commercial airport at Jacobabad, about {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip}} north of Karachi and {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} southeast of Kandahar, is located on the border between Sindh and Balochistan provinces. The Shahbaz Air Base (co-located with the commercial airport in Jacobabad) was one of three Pakistani air bases used by U.S. and allied forces to support the Operation Enduring Freedom campaign in Afghanistan and reportedly ongoing drone strikes in North Western Pakistan tribal regions.{{cite web|title=CIA drones quit one Pakistan site – but US keeps access to other airbases|url=http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2011/12/15/cia-drones-quit-pakistan-site-but-us-keeps-access-to-other-airbases/|work=The Bureau of Investigative Journalism|access-date=24 March 2013|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403052845/http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2011/12/15/cia-drones-quit-pakistan-site-but-us-keeps-access-to-other-airbases/|url-status=dead}}

• Jacobabad Junction railway station
• Jacobabad Tehsil
• Jacobabad District

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Category:Jacobabad District

Category:Populated places in Sindh