Jaljulia

An archaeological dig started in 2017 at Jaljulia uncovered, at about a five-meter depth, a half-million-year-old "paradise" for Homo erectus hunter-gatherers, including hundreds of knapped flint hand-axes.{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |date=7 January 2018 |title=Stone age hunter-gatherers' 'paradise' discovered next to major Israeli road |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/07/stone-age-hunter-gatherers-paradise-discovered-in-israel |access-date=7 January 2018}} According to the Israel Antiquities Authority, recurrent occupation of the site indicates that prehistoric humans possessed a geographic memory of the place and could have returned here as a part of a seasonal cycle.[http://www.diplomacy.co.il/art-culture/3959-an-important-and-rare-prehistoric-site-about-half-a-million-years-old-uncovered-in-jaljulia-in-the-sharon-regionAn Important and Rare Prehistoric Site about Half a Million Years Old Uncovered in Jaljulia in the Sharon Region]Ritter, 1866, vol 4, p. 249. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 178]

In Roman times the village was known as Galgulis,TIR, p. 128, cited Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 175] while during the Crusader period it was referred to as Jorgilia in 1241 C.E.Delaville Le Roulx, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lesarchiveslabib00dela#page/176/mode/1up 176]- 177, no. 74; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n292/mode/1up 286], no 1100; cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 175] It has been suggested that a Crusader sugar factory was later turned into an Ottoman mosque.Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA52 52]

In 1265 C.E. (663 H) Sultan Baybars allocated equal shares of the village to three of his amirs. One of these, amir Badr al-Din Baktash al-Fakri, included his section of the village in a waqf he established.MPF 92, no 20; Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 178] Excavations of a building close to the Mamluk khan yielded ceramics dating from that period.Buchendino, 2010, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1454&mag_id=117 Jaljuliya (Gilgal)]

The mosque is locally known as Jami' Abu´l-Awn, which associates it with the 15th-century religious leader Shams al-Din Abu´l-Awn Muhammad al-Ghazzi, who is known to have come from the town.Mayer et al., 1950, pp. 29, 37. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 177] The architecture of the mosque is, according to Petersen, consistent with a 15th or early 16th century construction date.Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 178] At present the structure consists of one large vaulted chamber, and three small barrel-vaulted cells. A large second chamber to the west was destroyed by British artillery during World War I.

Image:Jaljulia-74.jpg

The khan is opposite the mosque. It was built by Sayf al-Din Tankiz, the governor of Damascus 1312–1340,According to Maqrizi, cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 178] and it was still functioning in the 16th century, when it was mentioned in an Ottoman firman.Heyd, 1969, p.110. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 178] In the 19th century it was seen by Guérin, who described it as a beautiful khan with a (ruined) polygonal minaret.Guérin, 1875, Samarie II, [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n393/mode/2up 368-9]. Translated and cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 179] Petersen, who surveyed the structure in 1996, found the courtyard entirely overgrown and it was not possible to detect any features within; however, he notes that a 19th-century visitor had mentioned that there was "a great round well" in the centre.

In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared located in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Banu Sa´b, part of Sanjak of Nablus, with a population of 100 households ("Khana"), all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat and barley, as well as "summer crops", "occasional revenues", "goats and bees", and a market toll. There was also a poll tax, jizya, paid by all the inhabitants in the Sanjak of Nablus. Total taxes were 18,450 akçe, of which 1/6 went to a waqf.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 140

Jaljulia appeared under the name of Gelgeli on Jacotin's map drawn-up during Napoleon's invasion in 1799.Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 170] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2019-12-22 }}

In 1870, Victor Guérin found that the village had six hundred inhabitants. In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as being a large adobe village on the plain. The mosque was described as fine, but ruined. A ruined Khan was also mentioned. Water was supplied by a well on the west side of the village.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/288/mode/2up 288-289]

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village with 62 Household in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=255}}

During the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I, the village was on the Ottoman front line and was damaged by British artillery.{{cite journal | author = Andrew Petersen | title = Jaljuliya: a Village on the Cairo-Damascus Road | journal = Levant | volume = XXIX | year = 1997 | pages = 95–114 | doi=10.1179/lev.1997.29.1.95}}

File:Qalqilya 1942.jpg

File:Qalqilya 1945.jpg

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jaljulieh had a population of 123 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n29/mode/1up 27] increasing in the 1931 census to 260, still all Muslim, in a total of 60 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 55]

By the 1945 statistics, the village had 740 inhabitants, all Muslims.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p20.jpg 20] They owned a total of 11,873 dunams of land, while 447 dunams were public. Jews owned 365 dunams of land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970 p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tulkarm/Page-075.jpg 75] A total of 2,708 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 175 dunams for plantations and irrigable land, 9,301 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Tulkarm/Page-125.jpg 125] while 15 dunams were built-up (urban) land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Tulkarm/Page-175.jpg 175]

File:JaljuliyaSouthEntrance.JPG

After the 1948 war, Jaljulia was on the Israeli side of the ceasefire line and its became part of Israel. It was transferred to Israel in the 1949 armistice agreement.

Jaljuliya is noted among the villages of the Israeli Triangle "for the large number of refugee families living side by side in the narrow and crowded streets of its shikūn (state-funded housing), similar to refugee camps abroad."{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2023-01-01 |title=The Abu Hameds of Mulabbis: an oral history of a Palestinian village depopulated in the Late Ottoman period |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qb5r2mx/qt7qb5r2mx.pdf?t=rpf9lx |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |language=en |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=87–106 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2021.1934817 |s2cid=236222143 |issn=1353-0194}}

In 2010, a tennis school was established in Jaljulia by Iman Jabber and Daniel Kessel. In 2011, 50 girls and 20 boys signed up for tennis lessons. The school organizes coexistence matches between Jaljulia and Ra'anana.[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/sports/arab-sports-in-israel-a-special-project-1.370535 Mixed Doubles, Haaretz]

• Anan Khalaily
• Tawfik Khatib, former Israeli Arab politician, Knesset member (1996–2003)
• Shadi Abu Dib, former Arab–Israeli footballer, youth team coach
• Mustafa Murrar, Palestinian storyteller and children's author

• Arab localities in Israel
• Barid, Muslim postal network strengthened in Palestine during the Mamluk period (roads, bridges, khans)

{{Reflist}}

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008063631/http://www.jaljoulia.org/heb/index.asp Official website] {{in lang|he|ar}}
• [http://www.jaljulia.net/ Arabic website]
• [http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities03/pdf/p322.pdf CBS statistics on Jaljuliya] {{in lang|he}}
• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Jaljuliya_1209/index.html Welcome To Jaljuliya]
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: [https://web.archive.org/web/20180928072721/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8376 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.14.jpg Wikimedia commons]

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