Jalpaiguri district

Jalpaiguri district comprises western Dooars and the major part of the eastern Morang and this area, according to Sailen Debnath, in the ancient time was a part of the kingdom of Kamarupa, and since the medieval period it became a part of Kamata kingdom.Sailen Debnath, The Dooars in Historical Transition, {{ISBN|9788186860441}}, N.L. Publishers Sailen writes that three of the five ancient capitals of Kamatapur were geographically in the district of Jalpaiguri; and the three capitals were at Chilapata, Mainaguri and Panchagarh in sequence. According to him, Hingulavas, the first capital of the next Koch kingdom as well was in Jalpaiguri district. Hingulavas has well been identified with Mahakalguri in Alipurduar Sub-Division.

File:Southern border of Bhutan1985.jpg]]

The Dooars in Jalpaiguri district were under the control of Kingdom of Bhutan from early 17th-century till 1865 when British East India company captured the area in the Duar War under the Treaty of Sinchula and were added to the district of Jalpaiguri in 1869 and later finally to the Indian Union in 1949.

Like all the Duars under Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan, it was under the jurisdiction of Tongso Penlop, below the Tongso Penlop were Subah who in turn appointed Mondal, Laskar or Uzir to look after the Duars.{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=32}}

File:Samsing, Sikkim, near West Bengal border, the river and the valley 2012.jpg in Jalpaiguri district]]

Jalpaiguri is a part of West Bengal which is situated in North Bengal.

The district situated in the northern part of West Bengal has international borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh in the north and south respectively and district borders with Darjeeling hills in the west and northwest and Alipurduar district and Cooch Behar district on the east.

National protected areas include the Gorumara National Park and the Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, the Pakhibitan Wildlife Sanctuary, the Baikunthapur Forest, the Khuttimary Forest, etc. reserve forest.

{{Further|topic=the countryside|Nathuahat}}

Jalpaiguri is part of monsoon climate zone of South-Eastern Asia. May is the hottest month of this region with average maximum temperature of about 32 °C whereas January is coldest with 11 °C. Highest ever recorded maximum and minimum temperature are 40 °C and 2 °C. The average annual humidity in the district is of 82%. The annual average rainfall is 3160mm. December is the driest month with average rainfall 0.2 mm and July is wettest with 809.3 mm. Number of rainy days are 0 to 1 during November to February and 24 days during July. Thunderstorms are common weather phenomenon during May.

Jalpaiguri district have three sub-divisions – Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision, Mal subdivision and Dhupguri subdivision.

Jalpaiguri district earlier had three sub-divisions – Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision, Mal subdivision and Alipurduar subdivision. Alipurduar district was created in June 2014 and Jalpaiguri district was left with two subdivisions – Jalpaiguri Sadar and Mal.{{cite news| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Alipurduar-a-new-district-on-June-25/articleshow/36916065.cms|title = Alipurduar a new district on June 25| newspaper=The Times of India | date=21 June 2014 | publisher= | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite web| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140621/jsp/siliguri/story_18534321.jsp#.VArbmaM1--c| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140625063726/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140621/jsp/siliguri/story_18534321.jsp#.VArbmaM1--c| url-status = dead| archive-date = 25 June 2014|title = Alipurduar district birth on June 25| publisher= The Telegraph | access-date = 6 September 2014}} Dhupguri subdivision is a administrative division of Jalpaiguri district. It was formed by dividing Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision.{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/dhupguri-subdivision-now-official/articleshow/106972239.cms|title=Dhupguri Subdivision Now Official|newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 January 2024 | access-date=22 February 2024 }}

Municipalities: Jalpaiguri, Malbazar, Mainaguri, Dhupguri

Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision comprises a portion of Siliguri Municipal Corporation, Jalpaiguri Municipality, Maynaguri Municipality, Rajganj community development block, Jalpaiguri community development block and Maynaguri community development block

Dhupguri subdivision comprises Dhupguri Municipality, Dhupguri community development block and Banarhat community development block

Malbazar subdivision comprises Malbazar Municipality, Mal community development block, Kranti community development block, Matiali community development block, Nagrakata community development block

There are 16 police stations in the district, viz.:{{cite web |title=Administrative setup |url=http://jalpaiguri.nic.in/MAP2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410051608/http://jalpaiguri.nic.in/MAP2.htm |archive-date=10 April 2009 |access-date=7 November 2008 |publisher=Official website of the Jalpaiguri district |df=dmy-all}}

1. Banarhat
2. Bhaktinagar
3. Binnaguri (Phari)
4. Chalsa
5. Dhupguri
6. Domohani (Phari)
7. Gairkata
8. Jalpaiguri (Kotwali)
9. Kranti Hat (Phari)
10. Malbazar
11. Matelli (Phari)
12. Mainaguri
13. Nagrakata
14. New Jalpaiguri
15. Patkata (Phari)
16. Rajganj

There are six telephone area codes of Jalpaiguri district.

They are 03561, 03562, 03563, 03564, 03565, 03566.

As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into seven assembly constituencies:{{cite web |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf |access-date=6 September 2014 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission (India)}}

Malbazar and Nagrakata constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Tribes candidates. Dhupguri, Maynaguri, Jalpaiguri and Rajganj constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Caste candidates. Along with one assembly constituency from Cooch Behar district, Dhupguri, Maynaguri, Jalpaiguri, Rajganj, Dabgram-Phulbari, and Malbazar constituencies form Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency), which is reserved for Scheduled Castes.

One can avail train from the major railway stations in the vicinity like New Jalpaiguri railway station, Jalpaiguri, Jalpaiguri Road, New Maynaguri railway station, New Mal Junction railway station. By road it is connected with rest of the country. Air travel is available up to Bagdogra Airport, and from there it is connected by a 20 km expressway from the district border.

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,46,764|13=1911|14=6,63,222|15=1921|16=6,95,946|17=1931|18=7,40,993|19=1941|20=8,47,841|21=1951|22=9,16,747|23=1961|24=13,59,292|25=1971|26=17,50,159|27=1981|28=22,14,871|29=1991|30=28,00,543|31=2001|32=34,01,173|33=2011|34=38,72,846|source=Census of India[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]|align=center}}

According to the 2011 census Jalpaiguri district had a population of 3,872,846, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia.{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.

}} This gives it a ranking of 66th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of {{convert|621|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 33.77%. Jalpaiguri has a sex ratio of 954 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.79%.

After bifurcation, the district has a population of 2,381,596, of which 752,805 (31.62%) live in urban areas. The residual district has a sex ratio of 956 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have a population of 1,001,572 (42.05%) and 349,592 (14.68%) of the population respectively.{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Jalpaiguri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1330/download/4334/DH_2011_1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf |website= |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

{{bar box

|title=Religion in Jalpaiguri district (2011)

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|82.41}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|13.25}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|3.12}}

{{bar percent|Buddhism|yellow|0.64}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.58}}

}}

{{Pie chart

|caption = Languages of Jalpaiguri district (2011)

|label1 = Bengali |value1 = 65.56 |color1 = orchid

|label2 = Sadri |value2 = 12.94 |color2 = burlywood

|label3 = Nepali |value3 = 4.90 |color3 = lightcoral

|label4 = Hindi |value4 = 4.69 |color4 = orange

|label5 = 'Other' Bengali |value5 = 3.80 |color5 = mediumpurple

|label6 = Rajbongshi |value6 = 2.69 |color6 = plum

|label7 = Kurukh |value7 = 1.39 |color7 = mediumseagreen

|label8 = Others |value8 = 4.03 |color8 = grey

}}

According to the 2011 census, 65.57% of the population spoke Bengali, 12.96% Sadri, 4.90% Nepali, 4.69% Hindi, 2.69% Rajbongshi and 1.39% Kurukh as their first language. Other languages spoken include Santali and Munda.{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website= |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}} Kurukh and other tribal languages such as Kharia and Mundari were once more widespread among the tea tribes as late as the 1960s, but they have since rapidly shifted to Sadri as their mother tongue.

It is home to Gorumara National Park, which was established in 1994 and has an area of {{convert|79|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Sikkim |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=25 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=23 August 2011 }} Apart from Gorumara National Park, the district contains Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary.

This is a list of notable people from Jalpaiguri District.

• Anisur Rahman Anis, actor
• Bazlur Rahman Badal, dancer
• Promode R. Bandyopadhyay, inventor, research scientist and Technical Program Manager at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, New Port, Rhode Island, USA
• P. K. Banerjee, football player and coach
• Swapna Barman, heptathlete{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/could-never-afford-nutritious-food-required-by-athlete-asian-gold-medallist-swapna-barmans-father-4745931/|title=Could never afford nutritious food required by athlete, Asian gold-medallist Swapna Barman's father|date=11 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=17 July 2017|language=en-US}}
• Ratan Lal Basu, fiction writer
• Moushumi Bhowmik, singer
• Mimi Chakraborty, Tollywood actress and Member of Parliament from Jadavpur constituency
• Sukalyan Ghosh Dastidar, Indian footballer of the 1970s
• Ahmed Hassan Imran, journalist and politician
• Fazlul Karim, politician
• Bappi Lahiri, Indian singer
• Samaresh Majumdar, Bengali author of novels like Uttoradhikar, Kalpurush, and Kaalbela
• Saifuddin Ahmed Manik, politician
• Manoj Mohammed, footballer
• Asaduzzaman Noor, actor, politician and activist
• Sir Ahmad Fazlur Rahman, first native vice-chancellor of the University of Dacca
• Latifur Rahman, business magnate and media mogul
• Khaleda Zia, Former Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1991 to 1996 & 2001 to 2006 and chairperson of Bangladesh Nationalist Party

Kalonunia rice was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) status tag from the Geographical Indications Registry under the Union Government of India on 02/01/2024 (valid until 11/03/2034). It is a common and widely cultivated crop in districts of Cooch Behar, Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar along with some parts of Darjeeling & Kalimpong districts of West Bengal.{{cite news |title=Bengal's own Gobindabhog and Tulaipanji soon to get a distinct stand on world map |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/how-new-grading-rules-for-non-basmati-rice-varieties-can-put-gobindabhog-on-world-map-9091192/ |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=2 January 2024 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Khush |first1=Gurdev S. |last2=Hettel |first2=Gene |last3=Rola |first3=Tess |title=Rice Genetics III: Proceedings of the Third International Rice Genetics Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 16-20 October 1995 |date=1996 |publisher=Int. Rice Res. Inst. |isbn=978-971-22-0087-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_hKLjbOuBEC&dq=Kalonunia+rice&pg=PA823 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Roychoudhury |first1=Aryadeep |title=Rice Research for Quality Improvement: Genomics and Genetic Engineering: Volume 2: Nutrient Biofortification and Herbicide and Biotic Stress Resistance in Rice |date=29 July 2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-15-5337-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RL0DwAAQBAJ&dq=Kalonunia+rice&pg=PA393 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Sarker |first1=Dilip De |last2=Saha |first2=Manas Ranjan |last3=Saha |first3=Subrata |title=Perspective of dietetic and antioxidant medicinal plants |date=1 January 2015 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-93-84878-95-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTrECQAAQBAJ&dq=Kalonunia+rice&pg=PT20 |language=en}}

State Agricultural Management & Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) from Narendrapur, proposed the GI registration of Kalonunia rice. After filing the application in March 2021, the rice was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai, making the name "Kalonunia rice" exclusive to the rice grown in the region.{{cite web |title=Kalonunia Rice |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/743 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=23 November 2024}} It thus became the third rice variety from West Bengal after Tulaipanji rice and the 26th type of goods from West Bengal to earn the GI tag.

The GI tag protects the rice from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite thesis|last=Das|first=Smriti|date=1998|title=Assam Bhutan relations with special reference to duars from 1681 to 1949|type=PhD|publisher=Guwahati University|url=https://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/195|hdl=10603/67909|access-date=14 April 2023|archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316100526/https://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/195|url-status=dead}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/}}

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Jalpaiguri district

|North = Bhutan

|Northeast =

|East = Alipurduar district

|Southeast =

|South = Cooch Behar district

|Southwest = Bangladesh

|West =

|Northwest = Darjeeling district

}}

{{Towns and cities of Jalpaiguri district}}

{{Jalpaiguri topics}}

{{Districts of West Bengal}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalpaiguri District}}

Category:Jalpaiguri district

Category:Gorkhaland

Category:Districts of West Bengal

Category:1869 establishments in India