Kharia language

According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austroasiatic languages arrived on the coast of Odisha from Southeast Asia about 4000-3500 years ago.{{cite web |last=Sidwell |first=Paul |date=2018 |via=academia.edu |url=https://www.academia.edu/36689736/Austroasiatic_Studies_state_of_the_art_in_2018 |title=Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503013417/https://www.academia.edu/36689736/Austroasiatic_Studies_state_of_the_art_in_2018 |archive-date=2019-05-03}}. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.

Kharia belongs to the Kharia–Juang branch of the Munda language family. Its closest extant relative is the Juang language, but the relationship between Kharia and Juang is remote.

Kharia is in contact with Sadri (the local lingua franca), Mundari, Kurukh, Hindi, and Odia (in Odisha).

Kharia speakers are located in the following districts of India.

• Jharkhand
• Simdega district
• Gumla district
• Odisha
• Sundargarh district
• Jharsuguda district

File:633- Khadia Bidaai Durang.webm

• [ɽ, ɽʱ] are only marginally phonemic and are normally intervocalic allophones of /ɖ, ɖʱ/.

• /f/ can also be pronounced among some speakers as an affricate [p͡f].

• /c, cʰ, ɟ, ɟʱ/ are often realized as affricate sounds [t͡ʃ, t͡ʃʰ, d͡ʒ, d͡ʒʱ], especially in loanwords.

• [ʔ] is an allophone of /ɡ/ when in coda position.{{Sfn|Peterson|2008}}

• /i, e, o, u/ have lax allophones of [ɪ, ɛ, ɔ, ʊ].
• /a/ can have allophones of [ɑ, ä, ə, ʌ].{{Sfn|Peterson|2008}}

{{Interlinear|indent=3|abbreviations=SEQ:sequential converb; CMPL:complementizer; ADD:additive focus|Ughay andai ɖom{{=}}ta no ata bhere israeli lebu{{=}}ki rusuŋ samudar{{=}}te paro{{=}}na laʔ{{=}}ki, hin bhere{{=}}jo khaɽiya{{=}}kia ho boʔ{{=}}ki{{=}}te{{=}}ga aw{{=}}ki{{=}}may.|this.way guess PASS{{=}}MID.PRES CMPL Q time Israeli person{{=}}PL red ocean{{=}}OBL cross{{=}}INF IPFV{{=}}MID.PST then time{{=}}ADD Kharia{{=}}PL that place{{=}}PL{{=}}OBL{{=}}FOC live{{=}}MID.PST{{=}}3PL.SUBJ|'Thus it is assumed that at the time that the Israelis were crossing the Red Sea, at that time the Kharias were at those places as well.'}}

{{Interlinear|indent=3|abbreviations=SEQ:sequential converb; CMPL:complementizer|Laʔ anin{{=}}aʔ khariya bulbul, yane babilon, poʔda tay muʔ{{=}}kon del/em/-dol arloʔ, serloʔsin ghay hoy{{=}}kon utiˀj del{{=}}ki{{=}}may.|then 1PL.INCL{{=}}GEN Kharia Babylon i.e. Babylon village ABL emerge{{=}}SEQ come-? north south way become{{=}}SEQ this.side come{{=}}MID.PST{{=}}3PL|'Then our Kharia [ancestors], having left Bulbul, i.e., Babylon, coming

along, via the north and south, came to this side [i.e., here].'}}

{{Interlinear|indent=3|abbreviations=RDPL:reduplication; QUAL:qualitative predication|Am{{=}}ga patar terter heke{{=}}m, am, Yesu, ɖe{{=}}na{{=}}m ro patar ter{{=}}e{{=}}m patar ter{{=}}e{{=}}m.|You{{=}}FOC light give.RDPL QUAL.PRES{{=}}2SG You Jesus come{{=}}MID.IRR{{=}}2SG and light give{{=}}ACT.IRR{{=}}2SG light give{{=}}ACT.IRR{{=}}2SG|'You are the [one] who gives light, you, Jesus, will come and give light, you will give light.'}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|author=Gagan Chandra Banerjee |title=Introduction to the Khariā Language |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YtDaJ1wPZ2AC |access-date=25 August 2012 |year=1894 |publisher=Bengal Secretariat Press |isbn=9788120617728}}
• {{cite book|last=Peterson |first=John |year=2008 |chapter=Kharia |editor-last=Anderson |editor-first=Gregory D. S' |title=The Munda languages |pages=434–507 |series=Routledge Language Family Series |volume=3 |place=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-32890-X}}

• [http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/austroasiatic/AA/Munda/Dictionaries/Kharia.txt Online Kharia Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234201/http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/austroasiatic/AA/Munda/Dictionaries/Kharia.txt |date=2016-03-03 }}

{{Commons cat|Kharia language}}

{{Languages of India}}

{{Austroasiatic languages}}

Category:Munda languages

Category:Languages of India

Category:Endangered languages of India

Category:Languages written in Devanagari

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