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Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}

{{About|the administration of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu|the history|Kashmir#History}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}

{{Short description|Former princely state}}

{{Infobox country

| capital = {{hlist|Srinagar|Jammu}}

| conventional_long_name = Jammu and Kashmir

| common_name = Jammu and Kashmir

| image_flag = File:Flag of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (1846-1936).svg

| image_flag2 = File:Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1936-1953).svg

| flag_type = {{ubl|Top: Flag of Jammu and Kashmir
(1846{{nbnd}}1936){{pb}}|Bottom: Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1936{{nbnd}}1953)}}

| image_coat = Kashmir Princely State CoA.png

| status = Princely state

| religion = Hinduism, Islam (majority), Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism

| government_type = Monarchy

| empire = British Empire (till 1947) India (after 1947)

| common_languages = Kashmiri, Dogri, Ladakhi, Balti, Shina, Pahari-Pothwari

| title_leader = Maharaja

| leader1 = Gulab Singh (first)

| year_leader1 = 1846–1857

| leader2 = Hari Singh (last)

| year_leader2 = 1925–1952

| title_deputy = Dewan

| deputy1 = Daljit Singh (first)

| year_deputy1 = 1917–1921

| deputy2 = Sheikh Abdullah (last)

| year_deputy2 = 1948–1952

| status_text =

| year_start = 1846

| date_start =

| event_start = End of the First Anglo-Sikh War and formation of the state

| event1 = End of British Crown Suzerainty

| date_event1 = 15 Aug 1947

| event2 = Beginning of the First Kashmir War

| date_event2 = 22 Oct 1947

| event3 = Accession to the Indian Union

| date_event3 = 26–27 Oct 1947

| event4 = End of First Kashmir War (cession of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan)

| date_event4 = 1 January 1949

| event5 = Constitutional state of India

| date_event5 = 17 November 1952

| year_end = 1952

| p1 =

| s1 =

| s2 =

| s3 =

| flag_p1 =

| border_p1 = no

| flag_s1 =

| flag_s2 =

| flag_s3 =

| symbol =

| symbol_type =

| image_map = Jammu and Kashmir in 1946 map of India by National Geographic.jpg

| image_map_caption = Jammu and Kashmir in 1946

| stat_area1 =

| stat_year1 =

| stat_pop1 =

| today = Disputed; see Kashmir conflict

| footnotes =

}}

Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Kashmir and Jammu,{{citation|title=Kashmir and Jammu|journal=Imperial Gazetteer of India|volume=15|page=71–|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_077.gif|publisher=Secretary of State for India in Council: Oxford at the Clarendon Press|year=1908|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221030313/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_077.gif|url-status=live}} was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company from 1846 to 1858 and under the paramountcy (or tutelage{{citation|last=Sneddon|first=Christopher|title=Independent Kashmir: An incomplete aspiration|year=2021|publisher=Manchester University Press|pages=12–13|quote=Paramountcy was the ‘vague and undefined’ feudatory system whereby the British, as the suzerain power, dominated and controlled India’s princely rulers. ... These ‘loyal collaborators of the Raj’ were ‘afforded [British] protection in exchange for helpful behavior in a relationship of tutelage, called paramountcy’.}}{{citation|last1=Ganguly|first1=Sumit|last2=Hagerty|first2=Devin T.| title=Fearful Symmetry: India-Pakistan Crises in the Shadow of Nuclear Weapons|isbn=0-295-98525-9|year=2005|location=Seattle and New Delhi|publisher=University of Washington Press, and Oxford University Press|page=22|quote=... the problem of the 'princely states'. These states had accepted the tutelage of the British Crown under the terms of the doctrine of 'paramountcy' under which they acknowledged the Crown as the 'paramount' authority in the subcontinent.}}) of the British Crown, from 1858 until the Partition of India in 1947, when it became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: China, India, and Pakistan.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Kashmir: region, Indian subcontinent|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=16 July 2016|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent|archive-date=13 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813203817/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent|url-status=live}} Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east (both parts of China), by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, by Pakistan to the west, and by Afghanistan to the northwest. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, ... The southern and southeastern portions constitute the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian- and Pakistani-administered portions are divided by a "line of control" agreed to in 1972, although neither country recognizes it as an international boundary. In addition, China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and since 1962 has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region)."{{citation|chapter=Kashmir|title=Encyclopedia Americana|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=328|access-date=18 December 2021|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135716/https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328|url-status=live}} C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered mostly by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";{{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5|pages=1191–|access-date=18 December 2021|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|url-status=live}} Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." The princely state was created after the First Anglo-Sikh War, when the East India Company, which had annexed the Kashmir Valley,{{sfn|Panikkar, Gulab Singh|1930||p=111–125}} from the Sikhs as war indemnity, then sold it to the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, for rupees 75 lakhs.

At the time of the partition of India and the political integration of India, Hari Singh, the ruler of the state, delayed making a decision about the future of his state. However, an uprising in the western districts of the state followed by an attack by raiders from the neighbouring Northwest Frontier Province, supported by Pakistan, forced his hand. On 26 October 1947, Hari Singh acceded

1st Edition

Cold War in the High Himalayas

The USA, China and South Asia in the 1950s

By S. Mahmud Ali

Copyright 1999( When tribal Pathan militias from Pakistan's North-West Frontiers joined Sudhan Pathan rebels fighting for freedom, Hari Singh fled to Jammu and reportedly signed a letter of accession to India.) Page 19

[https://www.google.com/search?q=Sudhan+Pathan+rebels+fighting+for+freedom&client=ms-android-samsung-gj-rev1&sca_esv=593805704&tbm=bks&p] to India in return for the Indian military being airlifted to Kashmir, to engage the Pakistan-supported forces.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|title=Q&A: Kashmir dispute - BBC News|work=BBC News|date=7 July 2010|publisher=|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224045738/https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|url-status=live}} The western and northern districts now known as Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan passed to the control of Pakistan after it occupied it,{{cite book | last=Schofield | first=Victoria |date=May 6, 2003 | title=Kashmir in Conflict |publication-place=London |publisher=I. B.Tauris & Co Ltd. |isbn=1-86064-898-3 | page=xii |url=https://archive.org/details/kashmir-in-conflict-india-pakistan-and-the-unending-war-by-victoria-schofield |via=archive.org}} while the remaining territory stayed under Indian control, later becoming the Indian administered state of Jammu and Kashmir.{{cite book |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-674-01173-2 |pages=32–37}} India and Pakistan defined a cease-fire line dividing the administration of the territory with the intercession of the United Nations which was supposed to be temporary but still persists.{{cite web | title=History, People, Conflict, Map, & Facts | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=1998-07-20 | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent#ref673547 | access-date=2024-03-29}}{{cite web | title=Ceasefire violations in Jammu and Kashmir - A line on fire| url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW131-Ceasefire-Violations-in-Jammu-and-Kashmir-A-Line-on-Fire.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310143204/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW131-Ceasefire-Violations-in-Jammu-and-Kashmir-A-Line-on-Fire.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 March 2018 | access-date=2024-03-29}}

Administration

File:Kashmir region. LOC 2003626427 - showing sub-regions administered by different countries.jpg

According to the census reports of 1911, 1921 and 1931, the administration was organised as follows:{{citation |last=Karim |first=Maj Gen Afsir |title=Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lf2jAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 |date=2013 |publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC |isbn=978-1-935501-76-3 |pages=29–32 |ref={{sfnref|Karim, Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers|2013}}}}{{sfn|Behera, Demystifying Kashmir|2007|p=15}}

In the 1941 census, further details of the frontier districts were given:

= Prime ministers (Jammu & Kashmir) =

class="wikitable"

! #

! Name

! Took office

! Left office

1

| Raja Sir Daljit Singh

| 1917

| 1921

2

| Raja Hari Singh

| 1925

| 1927

3

| Sir Albion Banerjee

| January 1927

| March 1929

4

| G. E. C. Wakefield

| 1929

| 1931

5

| Hari Krishan Kaul{{citation |last=Copland |first=Ian |title=Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931–34 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=54 |number=2 |date=1981 |pages=228–259 |doi=10.2307/2757363 |jstor=2757363}}

| 1931

| 1932

6

| Elliot James Dowell Colvin

| 1932

| 1936

7

| Sir Barjor J. Dalal

| 1936

| 1936

8

| Sir N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar

| 1937

| July 1943

9

| Kailash Narain Haksar

| July 1943

| February 1944

10

| Sir B. N. Rau

| February 1944

| 28 June 1945

11

| Ram Chandra Kak

| 28 June 1945

| 11 August 1947

12

| Janak Singh

| 11 August 1947

| 15 October 1947

13

| Mehr Chand Mahajan

| 15 October 1947

| 5 March 1948

14

| Sheikh Abdullah

| 5 March 1948

| 9 August 1953

Demographics

= Population =

{{Historical populations

|align=right

|1901|2905578

|1911|3158126

|1921|3320518

|1931|3646243

|1941|4021616

|footnote= Sources: Census in British India

}}

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Population of Jammu & Kashmir Princely State by Province (1901–1941)

! rowspan="2" |Census Year

! colspan="2" |Jammu Province

! colspan="2" |Kashmir Province

! colspan="2" |Frontier Regions

! colspan="2" |Jammu & Kashmir Princely State

Population

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

1901

| 1,521,307

| {{Percentage | 1521307 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 1,157,394

| {{Percentage | 1157394 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 226,877

| {{Percentage | 226877 | 2905578 | 2 }}

! 2,905,578

! {{Percentage | 2905578 | 2905578 | 2 }}

1911

| 1,597,865

| {{Percentage | 1597865 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 1,295,201

| {{Percentage | 1295201 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 265,060

| {{Percentage | 265060 | 3158126 | 2 }}

! 3,158,126

! {{Percentage | 3158126 | 3158126 | 2 }}

1921

| 1,640,259

| {{Percentage | 1640259 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 1,407,086

| {{Percentage | 1407086 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 273,173

| {{Percentage | 273173 | 3320518 | 2 }}

! 3,320,518

! {{Percentage | 3320518 | 3320518 | 2 }}

1931

| 1,788,441

| {{Percentage | 1788441 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 1,569,218

| {{Percentage | 1569218 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 288,584

| {{Percentage | 288584 | 3646243 | 2 }}

! 3,646,243

! {{Percentage | 3646243 | 3646243 | 2 }}

1941

| 1,981,433

| {{Percentage | 1981433 | 4021616 | 2 }}

| 1,728,705

| {{Percentage | 1728705 | 4021616 | 2 }}

| 311,478

| {{Percentage | 311478 | 4021616 | 2 }}

! 4,021,616

! {{Percentage | 4021616 | 4021616 | 2 }}

= Religion =

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Religious groups in Jammu & Kashmir Princely State (British India era)

! rowspan="2" |Religious
group

! colspan="2" |1901{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25366883 |jstor=saoa.crl.25366883 |access-date=3 November 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. Vol. 23A, Kashmir. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1901 |pages=20}}

! colspan="2" |1911{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394111 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394111 |access-date=3 November 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 20, Kashmir. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=17}}

! colspan="2" |1921{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430177 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430177 |access-date=3 November 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 22, Kashmir. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=15}}

! colspan="2" |1931{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797120 |jstor=saoa.crl.25797120 |access-date=3 November 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 24, Jammu & Kashmir State. Pt. 2, Imperial & state tables. |year=1931 |pages=267}}

! colspan="2" |1941{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215644 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215644 |access-date=3 November 2024 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 22, Jammu & Kashmir |year=1941 |pages=337–352}}

Population

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

Islam 15px

| 2,154,695

| {{Percentage | 2154695 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 2,398,320

| {{Percentage | 2398320 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 2,548,514

| {{Percentage | 2548514 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 2,817,636

| {{Percentage | 2817636 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 3,101,247

| {{Percentage | 3101247 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Hinduism 15px

| 689,073

| {{Percentage | 689073 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 690,390

| {{Percentage | 690390 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 692,641

| {{Percentage | 692641 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 736,222

| {{Percentage | 736222 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 809,165

| {{Percentage | 809165 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Buddhism 15px

| 35,047

| {{Percentage | 35047 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 36,512

| {{Percentage | 36512 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 37,685

| {{Percentage | 37685 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 38,724

| {{Percentage | 38724 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 40,696

| {{Percentage | 40696 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Sikhism 15px

| 25,828

| {{Percentage | 25828 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 31,553

| {{Percentage | 31553 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 39,507

| {{Percentage | 39507 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 50,662

| {{Percentage | 50662 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 65,903

| {{Percentage | 65903 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Jainism 15px

| 442

| {{Percentage | 442 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 345

| {{Percentage | 345 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 529

| {{Percentage | 529 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 597

| {{Percentage | 597 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 910

| {{Percentage | 910 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Christianity 15px

| 422

| {{Percentage | 422 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 975

| {{Percentage | 975 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 1,634

| {{Percentage | 1634 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 2,263

| {{Percentage | 2263 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 3,509

| {{Percentage | 3509 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Zoroastrianism 15px

| 11

| {{Percentage | 11 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 31

| {{Percentage | 31 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 7

| {{Percentage | 7 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 5

| {{Percentage | 5 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 29

| {{Percentage | 29 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Tribal

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 134

| {{Percentage | 134 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 51

| {{Percentage | 51 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Judaism 15px

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 10

| {{Percentage | 10 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Others

| 60

| {{Percentage | 60 | 2905578 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 3158126 | 2 }}

| 1

| {{Percentage | 1 | 3320518 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 3646243 | 2 }}

| 95

| {{Percentage | 95 | 4021616 | 2 }}

Total population

! 2,905,578

! {{Percentage | 2905578 | 2905578 | 2 }}

! 3,158,126

! {{Percentage | 3158126 | 3158126 | 2 }}

! 3,320,518

! {{Percentage | 3320518 | 3320518 | 2 }}

! 3,646,243

! {{Percentage | 3646243 | 3646243 | 2 }}

! 4,021,616

! {{Percentage | 4021616 | 4021616 | 2 }}

class="sortbottom"

| colspan="11" | {{small|Note: The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir includes the contemporary administrative divisions of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.}}

== Jammu Province ==

Including Jammu District, Kathua District, Udhampur District, Reasi District, Mirpur District, Chenani Jagir, and Poonch Jagir.

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Religious groups in the Jammu Province of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (1901–1941)

! rowspan="2" |Religious
group

! colspan="2" |1901

! colspan="2" |1911

! colspan="2" |1921

! colspan="2" |1931

! colspan="2" |1941

Population

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

Islam 15px

| 876,599

| {{Percentage | 876599 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 953,293

| {{Percentage | 953293 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 989,644

| {{Percentage | 989644 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 1,091,021

| {{Percentage | 1091021 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 1,215,676

| {{Percentage | 1215676 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Hinduism 15px

| 626,177

| {{Percentage | 626177 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 626,439

| {{Percentage | 626439 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 626,806

| {{Percentage | 626806 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 665,246

| {{Percentage | 665246 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 722,835

| {{Percentage | 722835 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Sikhism 15px

| 13,113

| {{Percentage | 13113 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 16,659

| {{Percentage | 16659 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 21,627

| {{Percentage | 21627 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 29,282

| {{Percentage | 29282 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 38,566

| {{Percentage | 38566 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Buddhism 15px

| 4,831

| {{Percentage | 4831 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 452

| {{Percentage | 452 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 442

| {{Percentage | 442 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 507

| {{Percentage | 507 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 522

| {{Percentage | 522 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Jainism 15px

| 439

| {{Percentage | 439 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 345

| {{Percentage | 345 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 528

| {{Percentage | 528 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 591

| {{Percentage | 591 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 901

| {{Percentage | 901 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Christianity 15px

| 145

| {{Percentage | 145 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 672

| {{Percentage | 672 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 1,207

| {{Percentage | 1207 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 1,753

| {{Percentage | 1753 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 2,788

| {{Percentage | 2788 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Zoroastrianism 15px

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 5

| {{Percentage | 5 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 5

| {{Percentage | 5 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 23

| {{Percentage | 23 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Tribal

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 41

| {{Percentage | 41 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 29

| {{Percentage | 29 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Judaism 15px

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Others

| 3

| {{Percentage | 3 | 1521307 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1597865 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1640259 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1788441 | 2 }}

| 93

| {{Percentage | 93 | 1981433 | 2 }}

Total population

! 1,521,307

! {{Percentage | 1521307 | 1521307 | 2 }}

! 1,597,865

! {{Percentage | 1597865 | 1597865 | 2 }}

! 1,640,259

! {{Percentage | 1640259 | 1640259 | 2 }}

! 1,788,441

! {{Percentage | 1788441 | 1788441 | 2 }}

! 1,981,433

! {{Percentage | 1981433 | 1981433 | 2 }}

== Kashmir Province ==

Including Baramulla District (Kashmir North District), Anantnag District (Kashmir South District), and Muzaffarabad District.

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Religious groups in the Kashmir Province of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (1901–1941)

! rowspan="2" |Religious
group

! colspan="2" |1901

! colspan="2" |1911

! colspan="2" |1921

! colspan="2" |1931

! colspan="2" |1941

Population

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

Islam 15px

| 1,083,766

| {{Percentage | 1083766 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 1,217,768

| {{Percentage | 1217768 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 1,324,403

| {{Percentage | 1324403 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 1,478,287

| {{Percentage | 1478287 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 1,615,478

| {{Percentage | 1615478 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Hinduism 15px

| 60,682

| {{Percentage | 60682 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 62,414

| {{Percentage | 62414 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 64,594

| {{Percentage | 64594 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 69,296

| {{Percentage | 69296 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 85,580

| {{Percentage | 85580 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Sikhism 15px

| 12,637

| {{Percentage | 12637 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 14,772

| {{Percentage | 14772 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 17,742

| {{Percentage | 17742 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 21,190

| {{Percentage | 21190 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 27,034

| {{Percentage | 27034 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Christianity 15px

| 244

| {{Percentage | 244 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 218

| {{Percentage | 218 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 341

| {{Percentage | 341 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 339

| {{Percentage | 339 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 555

| {{Percentage | 555 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Zoroastrianism 15px

| 11

| {{Percentage | 11 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 26

| {{Percentage | 26 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 2

| {{Percentage | 2 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 5

| {{Percentage | 5 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 6

| {{Percentage | 6 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Jainism 15px

| 2

| {{Percentage | 2 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 1

| {{Percentage | 1 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 3

| {{Percentage | 3 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 9

| {{Percentage | 9 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Buddhism 15px

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 3

| {{Percentage | 3 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 2

| {{Percentage | 2 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 5

| {{Percentage | 5 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 10

| {{Percentage | 10 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Tribal

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 93

| {{Percentage | 93 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 20

| {{Percentage | 20 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Judaism 15px

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 10

| {{Percentage | 10 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Others

| 52

| {{Percentage | 52 | 1157394 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1295201 | 2 }}

| 1

| {{Percentage | 1 | 1407086 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 1569218 | 2 }}

| 2

| {{Percentage | 2 | 1728705 | 2 }}

Total population

! 1,157,394

! {{Percentage | 1157394 | 1157394 | 2 }}

! 1,295,201

! {{Percentage | 1295201 | 1295201 | 2 }}

! 1,407,086

! {{Percentage | 1407086 | 1407086 | 2 }}

! 1,569,218

! {{Percentage | 1569218 | 1569218 | 2 }}

! 1,728,705

! {{Percentage | 1728705 | 1728705 | 2 }}

== Frontier Regions ==

Including Ladakh District, Astore District, Gilgit Leased Area, and Gilgit Agency.

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Religious groups in the Frontier Regions of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (1901–1941)

! rowspan="2" |Religious
group

! colspan="2" |1901

! colspan="2" |1911

! colspan="2" |1921

! colspan="2" |1931

! colspan="2" |1941

Population

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}

!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}

Islam 15px

| 194,330

| {{Percentage | 194330 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 227,259

| {{Percentage | 227259 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 234,467

| {{Percentage | 234467 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 248,328

| {{Percentage | 248328 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 270,093

| {{Percentage | 270093 | 311478 | 2 }}

Buddhism 15px

| 30,216

| {{Percentage | 30216 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 36,057

| {{Percentage | 36057 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 37,241

| {{Percentage | 37241 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 38,212

| {{Percentage | 38212 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 40,164

| {{Percentage | 40164 | 311478 | 2 }}

Hinduism 15px

| 2,214

| {{Percentage | 2214 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 1,537

| {{Percentage | 1537 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 1,241

| {{Percentage | 1241 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 1,680

| {{Percentage | 1680 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 750

| {{Percentage | 750 | 311478 | 2 }}

Sikhism 15px

| 78

| {{Percentage | 78 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 122

| {{Percentage | 122 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 138

| {{Percentage | 138 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 190

| {{Percentage | 190 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 303

| {{Percentage | 303 | 311478 | 2 }}

Christianity 15px

| 33

| {{Percentage | 33 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 85

| {{Percentage | 85 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 86

| {{Percentage | 86 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 171

| {{Percentage | 171 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 166

| {{Percentage | 166 | 311478 | 2 }}

Jainism 15px

| 1

| {{Percentage | 1 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 3

| {{Percentage | 3 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 311478 | 2 }}

Zoroastrianism 15px

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 226877 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 265060 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 273173 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 311478 | 2 }}

Tribal

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 288584 | 2 }}

| 2

| {{Percentage | 2 | 311478 | 2 }}

Judaism 15px

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| {{N/a}}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 0 | 311478 | 2 }}

Others

| 5

| {{Percentage | 1901pop | 226877 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 1911pop | 265060 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 1921pop | 273173 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 1931pop | 288584 | 2 }}

| 0

| {{Percentage | 1941pop | 311478 | 2 }}

Total population

! 226,877

! {{Percentage | 226877 | 226877 | 2 }}

! 265,060

! {{Percentage | 265060 | 265060 | 2 }}

! 273,173

! {{Percentage | 273173 | 273173 | 2 }}

! 288,584

! {{Percentage | 288584 | 288584 | 2 }}

! 311,478

! {{Percentage | 311478 | 311478 | 2 }}

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin|40em}}

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  • {{citation |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |title=Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-011-9231-6 |ref={{sfnref|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012}} }}
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  • {{citation |last=Major |first=Andrew J. |title=Return to Empire: Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid-nineteenth Century |publisher=Australian National University |year=1981 |doi=10.25911/5d74e5bedfa9d |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/11191 |ref={{sfnref|Major, Return to Empire|1981}} |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219195316/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/11191 |url-status=live }}
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{{Refend}}

{{IGI}}

{{Princely states of India}}

{{Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir}}

{{Kashmir conflict}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

Category:Princely states of India

Category:1846 establishments in British India

Category:1952 disestablishments in India

Category:Rajput history

Category:Hindu states

Category:Former monarchies

Category:Gun salute princely states