Muzaffarabad

{{Short description|Capital of Azad Kashmir, a region administered by Pakistan}}

{{Other uses}}

{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement

| official_name =

| name = Muzaffarabad

| native_name = {{Nastaliq|مظفر آباد}}

| native_name_lang = ur

| settlement_type = City administered by Pakistan

| image_skyline = Pakistan is full of breathtaking views - Muzafarabad.JPG

| imagesize = 280

| image_alt =

| image_caption = Aerial view of Muzaffarabad, which is situated in a valley formed by the confluence of the Neelam and Jhelum rivers

| image_map1 = Kashmir region. LOC 2003626427 - showing sub-regions administered by different countries.jpg

| map_caption1 = A map showing Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir shaded in sage in the disputed Kashmir region

| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=170|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Gilgit|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}

| map_caption = Interactive map of Muzaffarabad

| coordinates = {{coord|34|21|30|N|73|28|20|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Administering country

| subdivision_name = Pakistan

| subdivision_type2 = Territory

| subdivision_name2 = Azad Kashmir

| subdivision_type3 = District

| subdivision_name3 = Muzaffarabad

| population_total = 149,913

| total_type = City

| population_rank = 60th, Pakistan

| population_as_of = 2017

| population_footnotes = {{cite web|url=https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/AJ&K%20Statistical%20Year%20Book%202019.pdf|title=Statistical Year Book 2019

|access-date=20 April 2020 |website=Statistics Azad Jammu and Kashmir| df=dmy }}

| demographics_type1 = Languages

| demographics1_title1 = Official

| demographics1_info1 = Urdu{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalia.info/profile/10/kashmir|title = Kashmir}}{{sfn|Rahman|1996|p=226}}{{harvtxt|Snedden|2013|p=176}}: On p. 29, the census report states that Urdu is the official language of the government of Azad Kashmir, with Kashmiri, Pahari, Gojri, Punjabi, Kohistani, Pushto, and Sheena 'frequently spoken in Azad Kashmir'. Yet, when surveyed about their 'mother tongue', Azad Kashmiris' choices were limited to selecting from Pakistan's major languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushto, Balochi, Saraiki, and 'others'; not surprisingly, 2.18 million of Azad Kashmir's 2.97 million people chose 'others'.

| demographics1_title2 = Spoken

| demographics1_info2 = {{hlist|Pahari-Pothwari|Gojri|Kashmiri|Hindko}}

| area_total_km2 =

| elevation_m = 737

| elevation_m_min =

| elevation_m_max =

| population_density_km2 =

| leader_name1 = Khalid Awan (PPP)

| area_code = 05822

| area_code_type = Calling code

| timezone1 = PST

| utc_offset1 = +05:00

| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20050910120536/http://www.muzaffarabadak.com/ Muzaffarabad Government Portal] {{small|(defunct)}}

| established_date = 1646

| founder = Sultan Muzaffar Khan

| leader_party = PML(N)

| leader_name = Sikandar Gilani

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor

| leader_title2 = Deputy Commissioner

| leader_name2 = Tahir Mumtaz BPS-18(PAS)

| leader_title3 = District Police Officer

| leader_name3 = Mirza Zahid Hussain BPS-18(PSP)

}}

Muzaffarabad{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ʊ|z|ə|ˌ|f|æ|r|ə|ˈ|b|æ|d}};{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Muzaffarabad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518051617/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Muzaffarabad |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2021 |title=Muzaffarabad |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}} {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|مُظَفَّر آباد}}}}, IPA: [mʊzəfːərɑːbɑːd]}} is a city in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).

(a) {{citation|title=Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent |accessdate=15 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) {{citation|last1=Pletcher|first1=Kenneth|title=Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin |accessdate=16 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) {{citation|chapter=Kashmir|title=Encyclopedia Americana|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=328}} C. E Bosworth, the University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) {{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5|pages=1191–}} Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) {{citation|last=Talbot|first=Ian|title=A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|year=2016|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19694-8|pages=28–29}} Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) {{citation|last=Skutsch|first=Carl|editor-last=Ciment|editor-first=James|title=Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II|edition=2nd|year=2015|orig-year=2007|isbn=978-0-7656-8005-1|chapter=China: Border War with India, 1962|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|page=573|quote=The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.}}
(g) {{citation|last=Clary|first=Christopher|title=The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia|date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location = Oxford and New York|isbn=9780197638408|page=109|quote=Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ... Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.}}
(h) {{citation|last=Bose|first=Sumantra|title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-02855-5|pages=294, 291, 293}} Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
(i) {{citation|last=Fisher|first=Michael H.|title=An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11162-2|page=166}} Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
(j) {{citation|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-84904-621-3|page=10}} Quote:"Some politicised terms also used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."

It is the largest city and the capital of Azad Kashmir, which is a Pakistani-administered administrative territory.

The city is located in Muzaffarabad District, near the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The district is bounded by the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District in the north.