Jan Żaryn

{{Short description|Polish historian, professor, and politician (born 1958)}}

{{criticism section|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Jan Żaryn

| image = Jan Żaryn Kancelaria Senatu 2015.JPG

| caption = Jan Żaryn's official Senate portrait, 2015

| birth_name = Jan Krzysztof Żaryn

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|3|13|df=yes}}

| birth_place = Warsaw, Poland

| nationality = Polish

| education = University of Warsaw (master's degree);

Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences (PhD, habilitation)

| occupation = Historian, professor, politician

| party = IndependentAffiliated with Law and Justice party, which gives him endorsement during elections

| website = {{URL|janzaryn.pl}}

| office = Senator for the 40th district

| country = Poland

| predecessor = {{ill|Anna Aksamit|pl}}

| successor = Jolanta Hibner

| termstart = 12 November 2015

| termend = 11 November 2019

| parents = Stanisław Żaryn, Aleksandra Żaryn (née Jankowska)

| spouse = Małgorzata Żaryn

| children = 3

| signature = Jan Żaryn podpis.svg

}}

Jan Krzysztof Żaryn (born 13 March 1958){{Cite web|date=2016-03-04|title=Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej: Dane osoby z katalogu osób "rozpracowywanych"|url=https://katalog.bip.ipn.gov.pl/informacje/51136|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Polish Institute of National Remembrance|language=pl}} is a Polish historian, professor and politician, who was a Senator in the Senate of Poland from 2015 to 2019.

Born in Warsaw into a family of inteligencja, Żaryn studied history at the University of Warsaw in 1979–1984, as well as in an {{ill|Society for Scientific Courses|lt=underground education society|pl|Towarzystwo Kursów Naukowych (1978–1981)}}. As a student, he engaged with anti-Communist movements. After finishing his studies, he taught history in Warsaw high schools and then joined Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1997. Żaryn received a Ph.D. in humanities degree in history in 1996, and in 2004 earned the habilitated doctor degree.{{Cite web|title=Senate of the Republic of Poland / Senators / List of Senators|url=https://www.senat.gov.pl/en/senators/lista-senatorow/senator,942,9,jan-zaryn.html|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.senat.gov.pl}}{{Cite web|title=prof. dr hab. Jan Krzysztof Żaryn|url=https://nauka-polska.pl/#/profile/scientist?id=28824&_k=jsb4v7|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Information Processing Centre}} In 2013 he was awarded the title of Professor of Humanities.{{Cite web|date=2013-02-26|title=Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 26 lutego 2013 r. nr 115-3-13 w sprawie nadania tytułu profesora|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP20130000176/O/M20130176.pdf|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Monitor Polski}}

Żaryn has held senior positions in the Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the Institute for Legacy of Polish National Thought.{{Cite web|title=Prof. Jan Żaryn - p.o. dyrektor Instytutu Dziedzictwa Myśli Narodowej im. R. Dmowskiego i I. J. Paderewskiego|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/kulturaisport/prof-jan-zaryn-po-dyrektor-instytutu-dziedzictwa-mysli-narodowej-im-r-dmowskiego-i-i-j-paderewskiego|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Ministry of Culture, National Heritage and Sport|language=pl-PL}} Żaryn specialises in the recent history of Poland and, in particular, the history of the Catholic Church in the 20th century, the history of the National and Christian Democratic camps, Polish-Jewish relations in the 20th century, and the history of post-war Polish emigration. Some of his views and commentaries have sparked controversy.{{under discussion inline}}

Early life

Jan Żaryn was born on 13 March 1958 in Warsaw, Żaryn's parents had five children. His father, Stanisław Żaryn, was a prominent architect in post-war Poland,{{Cite journal|last=Bieniecki|first=Zdzisław|date=1964|title=Stanisław Żaryn 1913-1964|url=https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media/files/Ochrona_Zabytkow/Ochrona_Zabytkow-r1964-t17-n4_(67)/Ochrona_Zabytkow-r1964-t17-n4_(67)-s62-64/Ochrona_Zabytkow-r1964-t17-n4_(67)-s62-64.pdf|journal=Ochrona Zabytków|language=pl|volume=17|issue=67|pages=62–64|via=Bazhum}} while his mother {{Interlanguage link|Aleksandra Żaryn|lt=Aleksandra|pl}} was a lawyer and a translator. During the war Stanisław fought in the Warsaw Uprising,{{Cite journal|last1=Gmyz|first1=Cezary|last2=Mazurek|first2=Robert|last3=Krzyżak|first3=Tomasz|date=2005|title=Oni odkłamują przeszłość|url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=77797|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305233957/http://www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=77797|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-03-05|journal=Wprost|volume=25}} and both Stanisław and Aleksandra were recognised as Righteous among the Nations for sheltering a Jewish family in their Szeligi estate.{{Cite web|url=http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4035474|title=The Righteous Among The Nations Database|website=db.yadvashem.org|publisher=Yad Vashem|access-date=2018-12-25}}{{Cite web|title=Żaryn Stanisław & Aleksandra (Jankowska)|url=https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4035474&ind=NaN|access-date=2021-06-10|website=The Righteous Among The Nations}}

From the age of 6, Żaryn was an altar boy in the church of St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw.

Having finished the XV Narcyza Żmichowska general education liceum in Warsaw in the late 1970s, he then enrolled in the University of Warsaw, participating at the same time at the lectures of the {{Interlanguage link|Towarzystwo Kursów Naukowych (1978-1981)|lt=Towarzystwo Kursów Naukowych|pl}}, an organisation that sought to break the monopoly of education by the state. He also belonged to the Young Poland Movement (Polish: Ruch Młodej Polski),{{Cite web|last=Michalski|first=K.|title=Naukowiec, szczęśliwy mąż, ojciec i dziadek|url=http://janzaryn.pl/?p=1824|access-date=2021-06-06|website=janzaryn.pl|language=pl-PL}}Not to be confused with the Young Poland artistic current of the late 19th-early 20th century a group of conservative students opposing the Communist regime, and, additionally, in 1980-1984, to the students' union of the University of Warsaw.{{Cite web|title=Dr hab. Jan Żaryn|url=http://ipn.gov.pl:80/o-ipn/zyciorys/dr-hab.-jan-zaryn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215065459/http://ipn.gov.pl:80/o-ipn/zyciorys/dr-hab.-jan-zaryn|archive-date=2013-02-15|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Polish Institute of National Remembrance|language=pl}} At the time, he dismissed the Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) and the Independent Students' Association (NZS) as factions in an internecine fight of the communists,{{Cite web|last=Cieśla|first=Wojciech|date=2018-03-18|title=Jan Żaryn. Jak napisać lepszą historię|trans-title=Jan Żaryn. How to write a better history.|url=https://www.newsweek.pl/jan-zaryn-senator-pis-i-glowny-historyk-narodowej-prawicy/0ce63c2|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Newsweek.pl|language=pl}} and opined that the only organisation that could be trusted was the Catholic Church;{{Cite web|last=Wyrwich|first=Mateusz|date=October 2012|title=Inny od innych|url=https://niedziela.pl/artykul/97269/nd|access-date=2021-06-06|website=niedziela.pl|language=pl}} despite that, he cooperated with the anti-Communist opposition and joined the Solidarity movement in 1989.{{Cite web|title=Jan Żaryn|url=https://sonar.wyborcza.pl/sonar/0,158750,843,Jan-Zaryn.html|website=Sonar - Gazeta Wyborcza|date=17 December 2023 }}

On 10 November 1982, during martial law in Poland, Jan Żaryn was arrested for one month during a demonstration on the charge of participating in street incidents.{{Cite web|date=2019-12-13|title=Profesor Jan Żaryn o stanie wojennym: Jako młody ojciec byłem w więzieniu. Aresztowano mnie podczas demonstracji|url=http://prk24.pl/45759668/profesor-jan-zaryn-o-stanie-wojennym-jako-mlody-ojciec-bylem-w-wiezieniu-aresztowano-mnie-podczas-demonstracji|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Polskie Radio Koszalin|language=pl|quote=...no a potem, rzeczywiście, 10 listopada z kolei, '82 roku, zostałem złapany w Warszawie podczas demonstracji...}} In spring 1983, Żaryn was cleared by the District Court of Warsaw of all charges related to the incident.

He finished his master's degree in 1984, specialising in archival science, and also passed pedagogy courses a year later. Żaryn later taught in various schools in Warsaw until 1990.

In 1985, together with his wife Małgorzata, he became associated with the community of the Christian Culture Study at the Church of St. Trinity in Warsaw. In 1989, he has co-founded the {{Interlanguage link|Stowarzyszenie Katolickich Wychowawców|lt=Catholic Tutors' Association|pl}}, and has presided over the Warsaw branch of the organisation in the 1990s.

Scholarly career

In the mid-1990s, Żaryn continued to pursue his career as a historian. In 1996, he defended his doctoral thesis in the Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, which he joined the following year. He also wrote his habilitation thesis there in 2004 before quitting the institute two years later.

In 2000, Żaryn became employed in the Bureau of Public Education of the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), which he directed from January 2006 until April 2009.{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Żaryn został odwołany "Nie umiem kłamać"|url=https://tvn24.pl/polska/zaryn-zostal-odwolany-nie-umiem-klamac-ra91931|access-date=2021-06-06|website=TVN24|language=pl}} He was then appointed as an advisor to the director of the Institute, Janusz Kurtyka.{{Cite web|date=2009-04-15|title=Następca Żaryna: rewolucji nie będzie|url=https://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/nastepca-zaryna-rewolucji-nie-bedzie,92400.html?h=1906|access-date=2021-06-06|website=TVN24.pl|language=pl}}

He sat on scientific boards of some historical societies, such as the {{Interlanguage link|Związek Żołnierzy Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych|lt=Society of Soldiers of the National Armed Forces|pl}}{{Cite web|title=List of Senators: Jan Żaryn|url=https://www.senat.gov.pl/en/senators/lista-senatorow/senator,942,9,jan-zaryn.html|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Senate of the Republic of Poland}} and the Committee for Commemoration of Poles Rescuing Jews (which he heads since 2004).{{Cite journal|last=Behr|first=Valentin|date=2019|title=Między nauką a polityką. Historia najnowsza jako pole walki|url=http://www.kulturairozwoj.msap.pl/doki/spis/KIR-07/KiR2019-07-10.pdf|journal=Kultura i Rozwój|language=pl|volume=7|pages=181|doi=10.7366/KIR.2019.7.10}}{{Cite journal|last=Wóycicka|first=Zofia|date=2019-01-14|title=Global patterns, local interpretations: new Polish museums dedicated to the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17504902.2019.1567660|journal=Holocaust Studies|volume=25 |issue=3 |language=en|pages=256|doi=10.1080/17504902.2019.1567660|s2cid=165974012 |issn=1750-4902}} Żaryn became a co-founder of the Foundation of the "Cursed Soldiers"{{Cite web|date=2013-11-14|title=O nas|url=http://www.lastsoldiers.pl/index.php?d=art&id=3000038|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131114142358/http://www.lastsoldiers.pl/index.php?d=art&id=3000038|archive-date=2013-11-14|access-date=2021-06-06|website=lastsoldiers.pl}} and a member of the program council of the Foundation Work of the New Millennium,{{Cite web|date=2011-03-24|title=Jan Żaryn: Jan Paweł II rozbudził nadzieje Polaków do tego, by Polska stała się niepodległa|url=https://polskieradio.pl/art7149_334903|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Polskie Radio}} among others. Since 2018, Żaryn is a member of the board of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk,{{Cite web|date=2018-02-08|title=Minister Kultury powołał członków Rady Muzeum|url=https://muzeum1939.pl/minister-kultury-powolal-czlonkow-rady-muzeum/aktualnosci/1098.html|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Muzeum II Wojny Światowej|language=pl}}{{Cite web|last=Szostkiewicz|first=Adam|date=2018-02-10|title=Zamiast Muzeum II Wojny Światowej – placówka polityki historycznej rządu PiS|url=https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/1737664,1,cenckiewicz-zaryn-i-semka-w-nowej-radzie-muzeum-ii-wojny-swiatowej.read|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Polityka|language=pl}} while two years later, he was appointed to that of the Museum of the Cursed Soldiers and Political Prisoners of People's Republic of Poland.{{Cite web|date=2020-09-09|title=Powołano Radę Muzeum Żołnierzy Wyklętych i Więźniów Politycznych PRL|url=https://www.tvp.info/49784720/minister-sprawiedliwosci-zbigniew-ziobro-powolal-rade-muzeum-zolnierzy-wykletych-i-wiezniow-politycznych-prl-wieszwiecej|access-date=2021-06-06|website=TVP, via Informacyjna Agencja Radiowa|language=pl}} Also since 2020, he heads the Roman Dmowski and Ignacy Jan Paderewski Institute for Legacy of Polish National Thought, a newly created institute by the Polish Ministry of Culture.{{Cite web|date=2020-02-03|title=NASZ WYWIAD. Powołano nowy Instytut. Żaryn: Celem edukacja|url=https://wpolityce.pl/polityka/485230-nasz-wywiad-powolano-nowy-instytut-zaryn-celem-edukacja|access-date=2021-06-07|website=wpolityce.pl|language=pl}}

Żaryn is a lecturer at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University since 2000, where serves as director of the Department of the History of the Church;{{Cite web|title=KATEDRY I ZAKŁADY|url=https://historia.wnhs.uksw.edu.pl/katedry/|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University|language=pl-PL}} he also used to work at the University of Warsaw in 2003-2006.

Publishing

Żaryn has published in conservative and Catholic media outlets, such as {{Interlanguage link|Przegląd Katolicki|lt=Przegląd Katolicki|pl}}, {{Interlanguage link|Ład|pl|Ład (tygodnik)|lt=Ład}}, Gazeta Niedzielna, Gazeta Polska, Gazeta Polska Codziennie, {{Interlanguage link|Więź|lt=Więź|pl}}, W Sieci, {{Interlanguage link|WPolityce.pl|lt=WPolityce.pl|pl}}, and {{Interlanguage link|Arcana (pismo)|lt=Arcana|pl}}. In the late 1990s, he has also been the editor-in-chief of Szaniec Chrobrego, a publication for the veterans of the National Armed Forces. Since 2012, he presided over the editorial board of Na poważnie, a historical monthly magazine,{{Cite web|last=Żaryn|first=Jan|date=2012-04-11|title=Już jest! Prof. Jan Żaryn zaprasza do kupna i lektury nowego miesięcznika "Na poważnie". Pisma o Polsce, historii i kulturze|url=http://wpolityce.pl/polityka/130328-juz-jest-prof-jan-zaryn-zaprasza-do-kupna-i-lektury-nowego-miesiecznika-na-powaznie-pisma-o-polsce-historii-i-kulturze|access-date=2021-06-06|website=wpolityce.pl}} which was reorganised as {{Interlanguage link|W Sieci Historii|lt=W Sieci Historii|pl}} the following year, where he retained his position as editor-in-chief.{{Cite web|date=2013-05-16|title=Miesięcznik "Sieci Historii" debiutuje w cenie 4,90 zł|url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/miesiecznik-sieci-historii-debiutuje-w-cenie-4-90-zl|access-date=2021-06-06|website=www.wirtualnemedia.pl|language=pl}}

Electoral career

In 1993, Żaryn ran for a seat in the Polish Sejm. In 2011, 2015, and 2019 for the Senate winning a seat in 2015.{{Cite web|date=2015-10-27|title=PKW potwierdziła: PiS ma 61 senatorów|url=https://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/wyniki-wyborow-do-senatu-kto-senatorem,589189.html?h=1a48|access-date=2021-06-06|website=TVN24.pl|language=pl}} In 2011, he headed an organization Polska Jest Najważniejsza, a social committee supporting Jarosław Kaczyński in the presidential election.{{Cite web|date=2011-03-17|title=Jan Żaryn przewodniczącym stowarzyszenia Polska Jest Najważniejsza|url=http://fakty.interia.pl/polska/news/jan-zaryn-przewodniczacym-stowarzyszenia-polska-jest,1611579,3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709155308/http://fakty.interia.pl/polska/news/jan-zaryn-przewodniczacym-stowarzyszenia-polska-jest,1611579,3|archive-date=2012-07-09|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Interia.pl via PAP}}

Historical and political views

= Polish-Jewish relations =

Żaryn argues that the tensions between Jews and other nations in interwar Poland were mostly due to economic reasons.{{Cite web|last=Kalukin|first=Rafał|date=2018-03-20|title=Senator Żaryn i obce siły|url=https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/1742096,1,senator-zaryn-i-jego-pozytywne-mity-na-temat-polskosci.read|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508022659/https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/1742096,1,senator-zaryn-i-jego-pozytywne-mity-na-temat-polskosci.read|archive-date=2021-05-08|access-date=2021-06-10|website=Polityka|language=pl}}{{Cite journal|last=Libionka|first=Dariusz|date=2013-12-02|title=Truth About Camps, or the Uneventful 1942|url=https://www.zagladazydow.pl/index.php/zz/article/download/841/812|journal=Holocaust Studies and Materials|pages=579–589|doi=10.32927/zzsim.841|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Libionka|first=Dariusz|date=2015-12-01|title=W poszukiwaniu miliona Sprawiedliwych|url=https://www.zagladazydow.pl/index.php/zz/article/view/512/531|access-date=2021-06-09|journal=Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały|issue=11 |pages=773–781 |language=pl|doi=10.32927/ZZSiM.512|quote=}}{{Cite journal|last=Koźmińska-Frejlak|first=Ewa|date=2009-11-09|title=Edukacja czy dialog z cieniami… Kilka uwag na marginesie "Tek edukacyjnych" Polacy ratujący Żydów w latach II wojny światowej|url=https://zagladazydow.pl/index.php/zz/article/download/330/357/667|journal=Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały|language=pl|issue=5|pages=467–480|doi=10.32927/ZZSiM.330}}

Żaryn, a co-editor of a two-volume monograph on the Kielce pogrom, has stated that "a significant proportion of Jewish individuals... supported the communist authorities or... joined their ranks"; he blames those individuals for being part of Communist censorship and propaganda organs, who were "deceitfully ... silent about Soviet massacres." This, he believes, "intensified anti-Semitic attitudes" that resulted in the Kielce pogrom.{{Cite journal |last=Korycki |first=Kate |date=2017-04-12 |title=Memory, Party Politics, and Post-Transition Space: The Case of Poland |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417700263 |journal=East European Politics and Societies: And Cultures |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=518–544 |doi=10.1177/0888325417700263 |s2cid=152123347 |issn=0888-3254}}{{Cite book |last=Korycki |first=Kate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.5501079 |title=Weaponizing the Past: Collective Memory and Jews, Poles, and Communists in Twenty-First Century Poland |date=2023 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-80539-050-3 |edition=1 |volume=11|doi=10.2307/jj.5501079 |s2cid=260671686 }}{{Cite journal |last=Żaryn |first=Jan |date=2009 |title=Communism Polish Style (1944-1956) |journal=It All Began in Poland. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen}}

Zaryn has been criticized for these views, which themselves have been associated with antisemitism.{{Cite journal |last1=Grabowski |first1=Jan |last2=Klein |first2=Shira |date=2023-04-03 |title=Wikipedia's Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust |journal=The Journal of Holocaust Research |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=133–190 |doi=10.1080/25785648.2023.2168939 |issn=2578-5648|doi-access=free }}

Żaryn has stated that the Germans were directors of the Jedwabne pogrom and also assigned blame to the Volksdeutsche and "outsiders" who came from other villages.{{Cite web|title=Prof. Jan Żaryn: Niemcy byli "reżyserami" pogromów takich jak w Jedwabnem|url=https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/prof-jan-zaryn-niemcy-byli-rezyserami-pogromow-takich-jak-w-jedwabnem|access-date=2021-06-09|website=dzieje.pl|language=pl}} Poles, in his opinion, were provoked and oftentimes coerced to participate in pogroms.{{Cite web|last=Żaryn|first=Jan|title=Zagłada Żydów|url=https://truthaboutcamps.eu/th/zaglada/15476,Zaglada-Zydow.html|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Truth About Camps|language=pl}} He added that "even if some of the Polish locals participated in this 'spectacle' under duress... the majority looked in disgust at what the Germans have done..." Żaryn has stated that the current narrative about the Jedwabne events had become a "founding myth" about the "allegedly proven" organized massacres of Jews by Poles, supposedly rooted in inherent Polish anti-Semitism. He has suggested that these stereotypes stem from insufficient documentation of some World War II events in Poland.{{Cite web|date=2019-07-10|title=[tylko u nas] Przypominamy. Prof. Żaryn: Polska racja stanu polega na wznowieniu ekshumacje w Jedwabnem|url=https://www.tysol.pl/a34487-tylko-u-nas-Przypominamy-Prof-Zaryn-Polska-racja-stanu-polega-na-wznowieniu-ekshumacje-w-Jedwabnem|access-date=2021-06-09|website=tysol.pl|language=pl}} Consequently, Żaryn has supported the efforts to exhume the bodies of Jedwabne's victims to obtain more evidence.{{Cite web|date=2018-02-22|title=Best of "Onet Opinie". Jan Żaryn gościem Andrzeja Stankiewicza|url=https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/opinie/best-of-onet-opinie-jan-zaryn-gosciem-andrzeja-stankiewicza/qg06n91|access-date=2021-06-10|website=Onet Wiadomości|language=pl}}

Żaryn is a vocal critic of Jan Tomasz Gross, and has condemned various books of his, indicating that they "are part of a certain kind of Jewish (mainly testimonial, but also scholarly) literature and historiography that is soaked with deep resentment towards Poland and the Poles".{{Cite journal|last=Forecki|first=Piotr|date=2013|title=Pokłosie, poGrossie i kibice polskości|url=http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_11649_slh_2013_009|journal=Studia Litteraria et Historica|language=pl|issue=2|pages=224|doi=10.11649/slh.2013.009|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Woleński|first=Jan|date=2017-06-30|title=Pamięć zbiorowa jako alibi|url=https://www.czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/philosophica/article/view/3713|journal=Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica|language=pl|issue=29|pages=21–36|doi=10.18778/0208-6107.29.03|issn=2353-9631|doi-access=free|hdl=11089/25985|hdl-access=free}}

= National Radical Camp =

Żaryn argues that the interwar National Radical Camp (ONR) was not a fascist organization{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=Jan Żaryn: ONR ma prawo funkcjonować w przestrzeni publicznej tak jak inne siły|url=https://polskieradio.pl/art299_2178900|access-date=2021-06-07|website=Polskie Radio}}{{Cite web|date=2021-03-05|title=Kuriozalna decyzja prokuratury. Chodzi o delegalizację ONR-u|url=https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-kuriozalna-decyzja-prokuratury-chodzi-o-delegalizacje-onr-u,nId,5088009|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.rmf24.pl|language=pl}} and that its interwar iteration was unlawfully banned.{{Cite web|last=Roston|first=Sebastian|date=2021-05-04|title=Delegalizacja ONR. Prokuratura otrzymała opinię instytutu, którym rządzi Żaryn, były senator PiS|url=https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114883,27047885,delegalizacja-onr-prokuratura-otrzymala-opinie-instytutu-ktorym.html|access-date=2021-06-07|website=gazeta.pl|language=pl}} In an ongoingas of June 2021 court investigation in Kraków, his Institute for Legacy of Polish National Thought submitted an expert opinion which argued against delegalization of the ONR, while two other expert opinions supported banning the organisation. Privately, Żaryn said and wrote that the (old) National Radical Camp had nothing to do with Nazi ideology and "consisted of people believing in the Christian God" and that "if one wants to condemn ONR for its main ideas, then should be all others who have alluded to the concept of corporatism and Christian nationalism, which, therefore [includes] not only nationalists but also prelate Stefan Wyszyński."

Controversy

In the late 1990s, the {{Interlanguage link|Polska Agencja Informacyjna|lt=Polish Information Agency|pl}} commissioned Żaryn to write a concise history of Poland that could be translated in several languages and distributed at the Polish embassies. However, a public outcry followed when it turned out that Żaryn expressed discredited views on the contemporary history of Poland. For instance, Żaryn argued that the Polish Round Table Agreement had been a sort of a conspiracy and that the government of Jan Olszewski had been overthrown in a coup d'état. While the book has been published in Polish, its English translation has been called off.{{Cite web|last=Wilk|first=Ewa|date=1999-01-30|title=Co rząd, to prezes|url=https://www.polityka.pl/archiwumpolityki/1825746,1,co-rzad-to-prezes.read|access-date=2021-06-06|website=www.polityka.pl|language=pl}}

In 2009, in connection with the radio criticism on awarding the victim status of a person repressed by the communist government to Lech Wałęsa, Żaryn was dismissed from the Public Education Office of the Institute of National Remembrance.{{Cite web|last=Arseniuk|first=Andrzej|date=2009-04-09|title=Dr hab. Jan Żaryn odwołany z funkcji dyrektora Biura Edukacji Publicznej IPN|url=https://ipn.gov.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty/10389,Dr-hab-Jan-Zaryn-odwolany-z-funkcji-dyrektora-Biura-Edukacji-Publicznej-IPN.html|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Institute of National Remembrance|language=pl}}{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Żaryn odwołany z funkcji w IPN|url=https://www.wprost.pl/kraj/158313/Zaryn-odwolany-z-funkcji-w-IPN.html|access-date=2021-06-06|website=Wprost|language=pl}} Żaryn later reiterated that Lech Wałęsa collaborated with the communist Security Service in the 1970s.{{Cite web|date=2017-08-31|title=Jan Żaryn: Wałęsa na pewno nie powinien być usunięty z kart historii|url=https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/jan-zaryn-walesa-na-pewno-nie-powinien-byc-usuniety-z-kart-historii|access-date=2021-06-07|website=dzieje.pl|language=pl}}

Żaryn has described far right Polish South African Janusz Waluś continuing detention as “the result of personal vengeance from part of the South African elite”.{{Cite web |last=Tilles |first=Daniel |date=2022-11-21 |title=Polish white nationalist who killed anti-apartheid leader freed on parole by South African court |url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/11/21/polish-white-nationalist-who-killed-anti-apartheid-leader-freed-on-parole-by-south-african-court/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=Notes From Poland |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2018-11-11 |title=Hero's welcome in Poland awaits hitman who killed Mandela's ally |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/heros-welcome-janusz-walus-apartheid-hitman-chris-hani-poland |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}

Personal life

He is married to Małgorzata, whom Jan Żaryn met in high school and who also became a historian. They have three children: Anna, Stanisław and Krzysztof.

Awards

In 2005, Żaryn received the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis from the Minister of Culture.{{cite web|date=2005-12-14|title=Historycy odznaczeni medalami "Gloria Artis"|url=http://www.naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,21400,historycy-odznaczeni-medalami-gloria-artis.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130423151147/http://www.naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,21400,historycy-odznaczeni-medalami-gloria-artis.html|archive-date=2013-04-23|access-date=2021-06-06|website=naukawpolsce.pap.pl}} In 2009, President Lech Kaczyński bestowed upon Żaryn the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, for his "extraordinary achievements in documenting and commemorating the truth about the contemporary history of Poland".{{Cite web|title=Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 6 kwietnia 2009 r. o zmianie postanowienia o nadaniu orderów i odznaczeń|url=http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20090350536|website=prawo.sejm.gov.pl}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Selected works

  • Głębokie. Historia i zabytki [Hlybokaye. History and monuments]. (co-authored with Małgorzata Żaryn), 1992.
  • Historia Polski do roku 1795 [History of Poland until 1795]. (co-authored with Alicja Dybkowska), 1995.
  • Polskie dzieje od czasów najdawniejszych do współczesności [Polish history from the oldest times to contemporaneity]. (co-authored with Alicja Dybkowska and Małgorzata Żaryn), 1995.
  • Stosunki między władzą państwową a Kościołem katolickim w Polsce w latach 1945-1950 (Relations between the government and the Catholic Church in Poland in 1945-1950), doctoral thesis, 1996.
  • Polacy wobec przemocy 1944-1956 [Poles' attitude towards violence 1944-1956] (co-authored with Barbara Otwinowska)
  • Kościół a władza w Polsce. 1945–1950 [The Church and the government of Poland. 1945-1950], 1997.
  • Stolica Apostolska wobec Polski i Polaków w latach 1944–1958 w świetle materiałów ambasady RP przy Watykanie. Wybór dokumentów, [The Holy See's relations with Poland and the Poles in 1944-1958 in light of the materials of the Polish Embassy in Vatican. Selected documents.] 1998.
  • Leszek Prorok – człowiek i twórca [Leszek Prorok - personality and creator], 1999.
  • Kościół w Polsce w latach przełomu (1953–1958). Relacje ambasadora RP przy Stolicy Apostolskiej [The Church in Poland in the years of change (1953-1958). Accounts of the ambassador of Poland at the Holy See], 2000.
  • Dzieje Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce (1944–1989), [The history of the Catholic Church in Poland (1944-1989)]. Habilitation thesis, 2003.
  • Kościół w PRL [The Church in the People's Republic of Poland], 2004.
  • Wokół pogromu kieleckiego [Around the Kielce pogrom], 2 vol., 2007-8 (co-edited with Łukasz Kamiński (vol. 1), Andrzej Jankowski and Leszek Bukowski (vol. 2)) - official IPN investigation.
  • Kościół, naród, człowiek, czyli opowieść optymistyczna o Polakach w XX wieku [The Church, the people and the person, or an optimist story about the Poles in the 20th century], 2013.
  • Polska na poważnie [Poland seriously], 2013.
  • Polacy ratujący Żydów. Historie niezwykłe [Poles rescuing Jews. Unusual stories], 2014, 571 s.
  • Polska pamięć. O historii i polityce historycznej, [Polish remembrance. On history and the politics of memory], 2017.
  • Polska wobec zagłady Żydów [Poland in face of the Holocaust], 2019;
  • Własna i niepodległa, czyli o Polakach walczących za własną Ojczyznę, [Own and independent, or on Poles fighting for their own Fatherland], 2020.

Notes

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References