Jan Korringa

Korringa received his undergraduate degree from the Delft University of Technology. {{Cite journal |title=Jan Korringa |url=https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/69/4/70/415482/Jan-Korringa |access-date=2023-08-11 |journal=Physics Today|date=2016 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.3147 |last1=Faulkner |first1=J. Sam |last2=Stocks |first2=G. Malcolm |volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=70–71 |bibcode=2016PhT....69d..70F |url-access=subscription }} In 1937, Korringa went to Leiden University, Netherlands, to pursue graduate studies. After the closure of Leiden University, Korringa returned to Delft University of Technology. In 1942, he gave a Doctor of Philosophy from Delft University of Technology and published his thesis, Onderzoekingen op het gebied algebraïsche optiek (Essays in the area of science optics).{{MathGenealogy|id=143651}} In 1946, Korringa became an associate professor at the University of Leiden. He was a protégé of Hendrik Kramers, who had been the first protégé of Niels Bohr, and who was a large influence on his interest in quantum mechanics.

In 1952, Korringa went to the United States and accepted a full professorship at Ohio State University. He was a consultant at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for many years. During the summers, he collaborated with a group at Chevron Corporation that developed nuclear magnetic resonance logging. In 1962, he was awarded a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship that he used for a sabbatical at the University of Besançon in France.{{cite web|url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/jan-korringa |title=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Jan Korringa |publisher=gf.org|access-date=2016-04-03}}

In a 1947 paper,

{{cite journal

| author = J. Korringa | year = 1947

| title = On the calculation of the energy of a Bloch wave in a metal

| journal = Physica | volume = XIII | issue = 6–7

| pages = 392–400 | doi=10.1016/0031-8914(47)90013-x|bibcode = 1947Phy....13..392K }}

Korringa showed how multiple scattering theory (MST) could be used to find the energy as a function of wavevector for electrons in a periodic solid. In 1954, Walter Kohn (a Nobel laureate) and Norman Rostoker (a nuclear physicist),{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/tn-dpt-me-0108-rostoker-obit-20150107-story.html|title=LA Times Obituary | UCI clean energy pioneer Norman Rostoker, 89, dies |date=8 January 2015 |publisher=nr.org|access-date=2016-05-26}} derived the same equations using the [https://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~pdh1001/thesis/node36.html Kohn variational method]. Two of Korringa's students, Sam Faulkner{{cite web|url=http://physics2.fau.edu/~faulkner/ |title=Florida Atlantic University | Emeritus Professor of Physics, J. Sam Faulkner |publisher=sf.org|access-date=2016-05-28}} and Harold Davis, started a program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) band-theory equations to calculate the properties of solids.

{{cite journal

|author1=J. S. Faulkner |author2=Harold L. Davis |author3=H. W. Joy | year = 1967

| title = Calculation of Constant-Energy Surfaces for Copper by the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Method

| journal = Physical Review | volume = 161 | issue = 3

| pages = 656–664 | doi=10.1103/PhysRev.161.656 |bibcode = 1967PhRv..161..656F }}

Korringa realized that his equations could be used to calculate the electronic states of non-periodic solids for which Bloch’s theorem does not hold. In 1958 he published an approach, now called the average t-matrix approximation, for calculating the electronic states in random substitutional alloys.

{{cite journal

| author = J. Korringa | year = 1958

| title = Dispersion theory for electrons in a random lattice with applications to the electronic structure of alloys

| journal = Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids | volume = 7 | issue = 2–3| pages = 252–258 | doi= 10.1016/0022-3697(58)90270-1 |bibcode = 1958JPCS....7..252K}}

That work continued to evolve and was later connected to the higher-level theory called the Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA). Balázs Győrffy and Malcolm Stocks{{cite web|url=http://web.ornl.gov/sci/physical_sciences_directorate/mst/mtg/stocks.shtml |title=Oak Ridge National Laboratory | Corporate Fellow, G. Malcolm Stocks |publisher=gms.org |access-date=2016-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730002540/http://web.ornl.gov/sci/physical_sciences_directorate/mst/mtg/stocks.shtml |archive-date=2015-07-30 }} combined it with the KKR theory to obtain the KKR–CPA method, which is presently used for alloy calculations.

{{cite journal

|author1=G. M. Stocks |author2=W. M. Temmerman |author3=B. L. Gyorffy | year = 1978

| title = Complete Solution of the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Coherent-Potential-Approximation Equations: Cu-Ni Alloys

| journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 41 | issue = 5

| pages = 339–343 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.339|bibcode = 1978PhRvL..41..339S }}

Korringa’s MST is the basis for numerous theoretical developments, including the locally self-consistent multiple scattering theory developed by Malcolm Stocks and Yang Wang that can be used to obtain the electronic and magnetic states of any ordered or disordered solid.

{{cite journal

|author1=Yang Wang |author2=G. M. Stocks |author3=W. A. Shelton |author4=D. M. C. Nicholson |author5=Z. Szotek |author6=W. M. Temmerman | year = 1995| title = Order-N Multiple Scattering Approach to Electronic Structure Calculations

| journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 75 | issue = 15

| pages = 2867–2870 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2867 |bibcode = 1995PhRvL..75.2867W | pmid=10059425}}

In 1950, Korringa showed that the spin relaxation rate divided by the square of the magnetic resonance field shift (the Knight shift) obtained from an NMR experiment is equal to a constant, κ, times the temperature T.

{{cite journal

| author = J. Korringa | year = 1950| title = Nuclear magnetic relaxation and resonance line shift in metals

| journal = Physica | volume = 16 | issue = 7

| pages = 601–610 | doi=10.1016/0031-8914(50)90105-4|bibcode = 1950Phy....16..601K }}

The magnitude of the Korringa constant κ and its possible deviation from a constant value is the signature of the effects of strong correlations in the electron gas.

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Category:1915 births

Category:2015 deaths

Category:20th-century Dutch physicists

Category:Delft University of Technology alumni

Category:Academic staff of Leiden University

Category:Ohio State University faculty

Category:Theoretical physicists

Category:American men centenarians

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Category:Dutch emigrants to the United States

Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society