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Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences)

{{Short description|Award for advances in astrophysics}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

The Janssen Medal is an astrophysics award presented by the French Academy of Sciences to those who have made advances in this area of science.{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/ptsu.htm Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124184805/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/ptsu.htm |date=24 November 2009 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011

The award was founded in 1886, though the first medal was not awarded until a year later. The commission formed to decide on the first recipient of the medal selected the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff for his work on the science of spectroscopy. However, Kirchhoff died aged 63 on 17 October 1887, a few months before the award would have been announced. Rather than chose a new recipient for the award, the commission announced at the Academy's session of 26 December 1887 that the inaugural medal would be placed on his grave, in "supreme honour of the memory of this great scholar of Heidelberg".{{in lang|fr}} Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322–1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."

The award had been intended to be biennial, but was awarded in 1888 and again in 1889. A statement in the 1889 volume of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences clarified that the award would be presented annually for the first seven years, and then biennially from 1894 onwards.{{in lang|fr}} Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095–1096

This award is distinct from the Prix Jules Janssen (created in 1897), an annual award presented by the French Astronomical Society. Both awards are named for the French astronomer Pierre Janssen (1824–1907) (better known as Jules Janssen). Janssen founded the Academy award, and was a member of the inaugural commission.

Laureates

  • 1887 – Gustav Kirchhoff{{Cite journal |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1913PA.....21..377./0000383.000.html |bibcode=1913PA.....21..377. |title=General Notes |journal=Popular Astronomy |year=1913 |volume=21 |page=377 }} This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886–1960) the author of the note. (posthumously)
  • 1888 – William Huggins{{cite ODNB|id=34039|title=Huggins, Sir William|doi10.1093/ref:odnb/34039|last=Becker|first=Barbara J.|date=3 January 2008}}
  • 1889 – Norman Lockyer
  • 1890 – Charles Augustus Young{{Cite journal |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1908PA.....16..218P/0000218.000.html |bibcode=1908PA.....16..218P |title=Charles Augustus Young |last1=Poor |first1=John M. |journal=Popular Astronomy |year=1908 |volume=16 |page=218 }} The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.
  • 1891 – Georges Rayet
  • 1892 – Pietro Tacchini{{Cite journal |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1905PA.....13..306M |bibcode=1905PA.....13..306M |title=Pietro Tacchini |author1=MacPherson, Hector Jr. |journal=Popular Astronomy |year=1905 |volume=13 |page=306 }} The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.
  • 1893 – Samuel Pierpont Langley[http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1894PASP....6R..66. Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY], Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66
  • 1894 – George Ellery Hale
  • 1896 – Henri Deslandres
  • 1898 – Aristarkh Belopolsky
  • 1900 – Edward Emerson Barnard
  • 1902 – Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel
  • 1904 – Aleksey Pavlovitch Hansky
  • 1905 – Gaston Millochau (silver-gilt award)The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.
  • 1906 – Annibale Ricco
  • 1908 – Pierre Puiseux
  • 1910 – William Wallace Campbell
  • 1912 – Alfred Perot
  • 1914 – René Jarry-Desloges{{cite book | chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-0-387-30400-7_714 | doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714 | chapter=Jarry‐Desloges, René | title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | year=2007 | last1=Fuentes | first1=Patrick | pages=589–590 | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 }}
  • 1916 – Charles Fabry[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1917PA.....25..214. General Notes], Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.
  • 1918 – Stanislas ChevalierThe citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.
  • 1920 – William Coblentz[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1921PASP...33..120. General Notes], Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120–122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.
  • 1922 – Carl Størmer[https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1922-28-09/S0002-9904-1922-03639-7/S0002-9904-1922-03639-7.pdf Notes], Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476–478
  • 1924 – George Willis Ritchey[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1924PASP...36R.360. General Notes], Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360–363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.
  • 1926 – Francisco Miranda da Costa Lobo
  • 1928 – William Hammond Wright[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1959PASP...71..305M William Hammond Wright, 1871–1959], Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305
  • 1930 – Bernard Ferdinand Lyot
  • 1932 – Alexandre Dauvillier
  • 1934 – Walter Sydney Adams[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1956Obs....76..139S Walter S. Adams, 1876–1956], F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)
  • 1936 – Henry Norris Russell[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U242572 RUSSELL, Henry Norris], Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 January 2011
  • 1938 – Bertil Lindblad
  • 1940 – Harlow Shapley
  • 1943 – Lucien Henri d'Azambuja
  • 1944 – Jean Rösch
  • 1946 – Jan Hendrik Oort
  • 1949 – Daniel Chalonge
  • 1952 – André Couder
  • 1955 – Otto Struve[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1956PASP...68...84. General Notes], Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84–85 (1956)
  • 1958 – André Lallemand
  • 1961 – Pol Swings{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.francquifoundation.be/fr/Rapport%20Jury%20Swings_fr.htm Pol Swings – Curriculum Vitae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309222148/http://www.francquifoundation.be/fr/Rapport%20Jury%20Swings_fr.htm |date=9 March 2012 }}, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24 January 2011
  • 1964 – Jean-François Denisse{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/d/denisse_jf.htm Jean-François Denisse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207140622/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/d/denisse_jf.htm |date=7 February 2011 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  • 1967 – Bengt Strömgren[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830906119.html Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel], Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26 January 2011 from Encyclopedia.com
  • 1970 – Gérard Wlérick{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/w/Wlerick_Gerard.htm Gérard Wlérick] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205011552/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/w/Wlerick_Gerard.htm |date=5 December 2008 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28 January 2011
  • 1973 – Lucienne DevanComptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973) (silver-gilt award)The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" – i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.
  • 1976 – Paul Ledoux[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1988Msngr..54...10N Paul Ledoux (1914–1988)], A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)
  • 1979 – Jean Delhaye[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979CRASB.289...95W J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen], C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)
  • 1982 – Georges Michaud[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984BAAS...16..246. Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal], Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)
  • 1985 – Pierre Lacroute[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A9daille_Janssen.pdf], Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
  • 1988 – Lodewijk Woltjer.{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/w/woltjer_lodewijk_bio.htm Lodewijk Woltjer]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  • 1990 – Pierre Charvin[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A9daille_Janssen.pdf], Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
  • 1992 – Henk C. Van de Hulst[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A9daille_Janssen.pdf], Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
  • 1994 – Serge Koutchmy[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994CRASG..11..412. Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen], C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)
  • 1999 – Jean-Marie Mariotti
  • 2003 – Gilbert Vedrenne
  • 2007 – Bernard Fort{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/prix_2007.htm Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324145802/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/prix_2007.htm |date=24 March 2010 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  • 2011 – Francois Mignard{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_janssen.pdf Francois Mignard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525112325/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_janssen.pdf |date=25 May 2013 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012
  • 2019 – Eric Hosy

The list above is complete up to 2019.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20091124184805/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/ptsu.htm Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers], includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences)
  • {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.iap.fr/Actualites/Archives/LaUneArticles/2008/Distinctions/Distinctions.html Article and photograph on the presentation of the 2007 award to Bernard Fort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125105109/http://www.iap.fr/Actualites/Archives/LaUneArticles/2008/Distinctions/Distinctions.html |date=25 November 2015 }} (Paris Institute of Astrophysics)

Category:Astronomy prizes

Category:French science and technology awards

Category:Awards of the French Academy of Sciences

Category:1886 establishments in France

Category:Awards established in 1886