Charles Fabry
{{short description|French physicist (1867–1945)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Charles Fabry
| image = Charles Fabry.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1867|06|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = Marseille, France
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|12|11|1867|06|11|df=y}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| education = École Polytechnique
University of Paris
| workplaces = Sorbonne
University of Marseille
École supérieure d'optique
| thesis_title = Théorie de la visibilité et de l'orientation des franges d'interférences
| thesis_url = https://hal.science/jpa-00239630v1
| known_for = Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Ozone layer
| awards = Janssen Medal (1916)
Rumford Medal (1918)
Henry Draper Medal (1919)
Franklin Medal (1921)
Prix Jules Janssen (1929)
FRS (1931)
| thesis_year = 1892
| notable_students = Jean Dufay
Yves Rocard
Bernard Lyot
Yan Jici
Sisir Kumar Mitra
Anil Kumar Das
Jean Cabannes
Daniel Chalonge
Mahmoud Hessabi
|relatives=Louis Fabry (brother)
Eugène Fabry (brother)
}}
Marie Paul Auguste Charles Fabry {{post-nominals|post-noms=ForMemRS}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Broglie | author-link = Louis de Broglie| title = Charles Fabry. 1867-1945 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1947.0010 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 5 | issue = 15 | pages = 445–450 | year = 1947 | bibcode = 1947LAstr..61..244C| s2cid = 163939822}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Stratton | first1 = F. J. M. | title = Prof. Charles Fabry, For.Mem.R.S | doi = 10.1038/157362a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 157 | issue = 3986 | pages = 362 | year = 1946 |bibcode = 1946Natur.157..362S | doi-access = free }} ({{IPA|fr|maʁi pɔl oɡyst ʃaʁl fabʁi|lang}}; 11 June 1867 – 11 December 1945) was a French physicist working on optics.{{cite journal | bibcode = 1946MNRAS.106...42. | title=Obituary Notices :- Fabry, Marie Paul Auguste Charles | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=106 | page=42 | year=1946 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/106.1.42| doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Mulligan | first1 = J. F. | title = Who were Fabry and Pérot? | doi = 10.1119/1.18960 | journal = American Journal of Physics | volume = 66 | issue = 9 | pages = 797–802 | year = 1998 |bibcode = 1998AmJPh..66..797M }} Together with Alfred Pérot he invented the Fabry–Pérot interferometer. He is also one of the co-discoverers of the ozone layer.
Biography
Charles Fabry was born in Marseille in 1867. He was the brother of astronomer Louis Fabry and mathematician Eugène Fabry.
= Studies =
Fabry graduated from the École Polytechnique in Paris and received his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1892, for his work on interference fringes, which established him as an authority in the field of optics and spectroscopy. In 1904, he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Marseille, where he spent 16 years.
= Career =
In optics, he discovered an explanation for the phenomenon of interference fringes. Together with his colleague Alfred Pérot he invented a new interferometer in 1899, now known as the Fabry–Pérot interferometer.{{Cite journal|last1=Fabry|first1=C|last2=Perot|first2=A|date=1899|title=Theorie et applications d'une nouvelle methode de spectroscopie interferentielle|journal=Ann. Chim. Phys.|volume=16|issue=7}}{{Cite journal|last1=Perot|first1=A|last2=Fabry|first2=C|date=1899|title=On the Application of Interference Phenomena to the Solution of Various Problems of Spectroscopy and Metrology|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=9|doi=10.1086/140557|bibcode=1899ApJ.....9...87P|page=87|doi-access=free}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMLuISueDKYC&q=Marie+Paul+Auguste+Chafoda-serles+Fabry&pg=PR6|title=The Fabry-Perot interferometer: history, theory, practice, and applications|author=J. M. Vaughan|publisher=CRC Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-85274-138-2}} He and Henri Buisson discovered the ozone layer in 1913.
In 1921, Fabry was appointed Professor of General Physics at the Sorbonne and the
first director of the new Institute of Optics. In 1926 he also became professor at the École Polytechnique. He was the first general director of the Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée and director of "grande école" École supérieure d'optique (SupOptique).
Fabry was the President of the Société astronomique de France from 1931–1933.[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96721072/f536.itemBulletin de la Société astronomique de France, November 1937, plates X-IX]
Awards and honors
For his important scientific achievements he received the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society of London in 1918. In the United States his work was recognized by the Henry Draper Medal from the National Academy of Sciences (1919){{cite web|title=Henry Draper Medal |url=http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |access-date=19 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003930/http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |archive-date=26 January 2013 }} and the Franklin Medal from the Franklin Institute (1921). In 1927 he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences. In 1929, he received the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France, the French astronomical society. In 1933, The Optical Society elected him an Honorary Member.{{Cite web |title=Charles Fabry {{!}} Optica |url=https://www.optica.org/History/Biographies/bios/Charles-Fabry |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=www.optica.org}}
Asteroid 410619 Fabry is named after him.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{wikiquote}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306090926/http://www-obs.cnrs-mrs.fr/tricent/astronomes/fabry.htm Biography], in French
- [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=16U26HL685069.33601&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-nbl&ri=&index=.GW&term=Oeuvres+Choisies+Publi%C3%A9es+%C3%A0+l%27Occasion+de+son+Jubil%C3%A9+Scientifique&oper=AND&x=14&y=6&aspect=power&index=.TW&term=&oper=AND&index=.AW&term=&oper=AND&index=.SW&term=&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&sort= Copy of Fabry's "Oeuvres Choisies Publiées à l'Occasion de son Jubilé Scientifique"]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabry, Charles}}
Category:French optical physicists
Category:École Polytechnique alumni
Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society
Category:Scientists from Marseille
Category:University of Paris alumni
Category:Academic staff of Aix-Marseille University
Category:20th-century French physicists
Category:Recipients of Franklin Medal
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