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January 2019 lunar eclipse

{{Short description|Total lunar eclipse of 21 January 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox lunar eclipse

| type = total

| image = Total lunar eclipse on January 21, 2019 (45910439045) (cropped).jpg

| caption = Totality as viewed from Oria, Italy, 5:43 UTC

| date = January 21, 2019

| gamma = 0.3684

| magnitude = 1.1966

| saros_ser = 134

| saros_no = 27 of 73

| totality = 61 minutes, 59 seconds

| partiality = 196 minutes, 45 seconds

| penumbral = 311 minutes, 30 seconds

| p1 = 2:36:30

| u1 = 3:33:54

| u2 = 4:41:17

| greatest = 5:12:16

| u3 = 5:43:16

| u4 = 6:50:39

| p4 = 7:48:00

| previous = July 2018

| next = July 2019

}}

A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Monday, January 21, 2019,{{cite web|title=January 20–21, 2019 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2019-january-21|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}} with an umbral magnitude of 1.1966. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 10 hours before perigee (on January 21, 2019, at 15:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=2019&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}

Because the Moon was near its perigee on January 21, it can be described as a "supermoon".{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/super-blood-moon-eclipse-stuns-in-remarkable-pictures|title='Super blood Moon' eclipse stuns in remarkable pictures|first=James|last=Rogers|date=20 January 2019|website=Fox News}} As this supermoon was also a wolf moon (the first full moon in a calendar year), it was referred to as a "super blood wolf moon"; blood refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jan/21/super-blood-wolf-moon-lunar-eclipse-stargazers-battle-cold-and-clouds|title=Super blood wolf moon: stargazers battle cold and clouds to view lunar eclipse|work=The Guardian|date=January 21, 2019|access-date=January 21, 2019}} This was the last total lunar eclipse until May 2021. This was a Super Full Moon because occurred less than a day before perigee and the Moon was less than exactly 360,000 km (223,694 mi).

The Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California captured video showing a meteoroid between the size of an acorn and tennis ball impacting the Moon during the eclipse.{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/43075-blood-moon-2019-meteor-impact-video.html|title=Watch a Meteor Smack the Blood Moon in This Lunar Eclipse Video|publisher=Space.com|author=Meghan Bartels|date=22 January 2019|access-date=22 January 2019}} The impact was observed during totality, at 4:41 UTC, on the left side of the Moon.{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/meteor-hit-the-moon-during-blood-moon-eclipse-heres-what-we-know/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123012059/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/meteor-hit-the-moon-during-blood-moon-eclipse-heres-what-we-know/|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2019|title=A meteor hit the moon during the lunar eclipse. Here's what we know.|date=22 January 2019|website=Science & Innovation}} It is the only documented case of a lunar impact during a total lunar eclipse.{{cite web|url=https://kottke.org/19/01/video-a-meteorite-hit-the-moon-during-the-recent-eclipse|title=Video: A Meteorite Hit the Moon During the Recent Eclipse!|date=23 January 2019|website=Jason Kottke}}

Appearance

This lunar eclipse took place in the constellation of Cancer, just west of the Beehive Cluster.

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Visibility

The eclipse was completely visible over North and South America and western Europe, seen rising over the central Pacific Ocean, and setting over Africa, most of Europe, and the Middle East.{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2019 Jan 21|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2019Jan21T.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=17 November 2024}}

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Visibility map

Timing

{{Multiple image

| image1 = Lunar eclipse contact diagram.svg

| width1 = 250

| image2 = Lunar eclipse chart close-2019Jan21.png

| width2 = 155

| footer = Contact points relative to Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows, here with the Moon near its descending node (left), and the hourly motion for the January 2019 lunar eclipse (right)

}}

{{Total lunar eclipse contacts}}

The penumbral phases of the eclipse changes the appearance of the Moon only slightly and is generally not noticeable.{{cite web|last=Espenak|first=Fred|title=Lunar Eclipses for Beginners|url=http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEprimer.html|publisher=MrEclipse|access-date=April 7, 2014}}

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|+ Local times of contacts

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! colspan=2 rowspan=3| Time zone
adjustments from
UTC

!colspan=5|Americas

colspan=3|Atlanticcolspan=4|European/African
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! UTC−08:00

8h

! UTC−07:00

7h

! UTC−06:00

6h

! UTC−05:00

5h

! UTC−04:00

4h

! UTC−03:00

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! UTC−02:00

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! UTC−01:00

1h

! 0h

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! +2h

! +3h

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! PST

! MST

! CST

! EST

! AST

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!

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! GMT
WET

! WEST
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! CEST
EET
MSK−1

! FET
MSK
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!colspan=2|Event

|colspan=6|Evening 20 January

colspan=6 BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"|Morning 21 January
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!P1

! Penumbral begins*

| 6:37 pm

| 7:37 pm

| 8:37 pm

| 9:37 pm

| 10:37 pm

| 11:37 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:37 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:37 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:37 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:37 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:37 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:37 am

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!U1

! Partial begins

| 7:34 pm

| 8:34 pm

| 9:34 pm

| 10:34 pm

| 11:34 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:34 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:34 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:34 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:34 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:34 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:34 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 6:34 am

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!U2

! Total begins

| 8:41 pm

| 9:41 pm

| 10:41 pm

| 11:41 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 6:41 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 7:41 am

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!

! Mid-eclipse

| 9:12 pm

| 10:12 pm

| 11:12 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 6:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 7:12 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 8:12 am

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!U3

! Total ends

| 9:43 pm

| 10:43 pm

| 11:43 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 6:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 7:43 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 8:43 am

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!U4

! Partial ends

| 10:51 pm

| 11:51 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 6:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 7:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 8:51 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 9:51 am

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!P4

! Penumbral ends*

| 11:48 pm

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 12:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 1:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 2:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 3:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 4:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 5:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 6:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 7:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 8:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 9:48 am

| BGCOLOR="#e0e0f0"| 10:48 am

Gallery

= America =

File:Early eclipse (39857345073).jpg|Austin, Texas, 3:57 UTC

File:Total lunar eclipse (45907515845).jpg|Seattle, Washington, 4:27 UTC

File:January 20, 2019 eclipse from Lindsborg.jpg|Lindsborg, Kansas, 4:40 UTC

File:Eclipse Lunar Total - 21.01.2019 - IV.jpg|Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4:40 UTC

File:2019-01-20 Lunar eclipse from San Diego.jpg|San Diego, California, 4:41 UTC

File:Blood Moon (39857716053).jpg|Tres Piedras, New Mexico, 4:42 UTC

File:Eclipse lunar 20 de Enero 2019.jpg|Chihuahua City, Mexico, 4:44 UTC

File:Lunar eclipse 2019 at 02.08 in Chapel Hill, NC, USA.jpg|Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 5:02 UTC

File:2019-01-20-Total lunar eclipse.jpg|Denver, Colorado, 5:03 UTC

File:Lunar eclipse 2019.jpg|Totality in Coralville, Iowa, 5:07 UTC (23:07 Local Time)

File:Lunar Eclipse January 20-21, 2019 (32956601858).jpg|Macon, Georgia, 5:18 UTC

File:Total lunar eclipse January 21 2019.jpg|Whitpain Township, Pennsylvania, 5:26 UTC

File:Super Blood Wolf Moon (46777972522).jpg|New York City, New York, 5:37 UTC

File:Animation of the 21-01-2019 lunar eclipse, photographed using a Smartphone.gif|Animation from Taubaté, Brazil

File:The January 20, 2019 total lunar eclipse at totality, seen from Victoria, Canada. (46098085654).jpg|From Victoria, Canada at totality

= Europe =

File:Lunar eclipse of 2019 January 21 in Moscow (6.49 local time).jpg|Partial from Moscow, Russia, 3:49 UTC

File:Lunar Eclipse January 21, 2019 - Лунное затмение 21 января 2019.jpg|Estonia, 4:41 UTC

File:Blood Mood 21 Jan 2019 (39864351153).jpg|Järna, Sweden, 4:48 UTC

File:2019.01.21 Eclipse 2 (46100418124).jpg|Finland, 6:02 UTC

File:Total_Lunar_Eclipse_2019-01-21.jpg|Sandl, Austria

Impact sighted

Livestreams detected a flash of light while viewing the eclipse. It was "likely caused by the crash of a tiny, fast-moving meteoroid left behind by a comet."{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/science/lunar-eclipse-meteor-moon.html|title=During the Lunar Eclipse, Something Slammed Into the Moon|last=Andrews|first=Robin George|date=2019-01-23|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

Originally thinking it was electronic noise from the camera, astronomers and citizen scientists shared the visual phenomenon with each other to identify it.

When totality was just beginning at 4:41 UT, the tiny speck of light blinked south of a nearly 55-mile-wide crater in the western part of the moon.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/meteor-hit-the-moon-during-blood-moon-eclipse-heres-what-we-know/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123012059/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/meteor-hit-the-moon-during-blood-moon-eclipse-heres-what-we-know/|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2019|title=A meteor hit the moon during the lunar eclipse. Here's what we know.|date=2019-01-22|access-date=2019-01-24}}

The location of the impact may be somewhere in the lunar highlands, south of Byrgius crater, according to Justin Cowart, a graduate student in geosciences at Stony Brook University in New York who first saw the flash of light.

“A meteoroid about this size hits the moon about once a week or so,” said Cowart.

This may be the first time that a collision, during a total lunar eclipse, was captured on video.

“I have not heard of anyone seeing an impact like this during a lunar eclipse before,” said Sara Russell, a professor of planetary sciences at the Natural History Museum in London.

People posted their images and video of a flicker of light as news spread quickly on social media.

Working overtime, co-director of the Moon Impacts Detection and Analysis System, MIDAS, an astrophysicist at the University of Huelva in Spain, Jose Maria Madiedo, set up eight telescopes to watch for any impacts during the eclipse.

“Something inside of me told me that this time would be the time,” said Madiedo.

A paper calculated a mass between 20 and 100 kilograms and diameter of 30 to 50 cm that may have caused a 7–15 meter crater located "inside a triangle with vertices in the Lagrange H, K and X craters".{{cite journal | arxiv=1901.09573 | doi=10.1093/mnras/stz3531 | doi-access=free | title=Location, orbit, and energy of a meteoroid impacting the Moon during the lunar eclipse of 2019 January 21 | date=2020 | last1=Zuluaga | first1=J. I. | last2=Tangmatitham | first2=M. | last3=Cuartas-Restrepo | first3=P. | last4=Ospina | first4=J. | last5=Pichardo | first5=F. | last6=López | first6=S. A. | last7=Peña | first7=K. | last8=Gaviria-Posada | first8=J. M. | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=492 | pages=1432–1449 }} Other astronomers estimated a 10-15 meter crater from a 45 kg asteroid moving 61,000 km/h.[https://ras.ac.uk/news-and-press/research-highlights/space-rock-hit-moon-61000-kilometres-hour The space rock that hit the Moon at 61,000 kilometres an hour | The Royal Astronomical Society]

Eclipse details

Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular lunar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2019 Jan 21|url=https://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2019Jan21Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=17 November 2024}}

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+January 21, 2019 Lunar Eclipse Parameters

! Parameter

! Value

Penumbral Magnitude

| 2.16972

Umbral Magnitude

| 1.19657

Gamma

| 0.36842

Sun Right Ascension

| 20h12m17.2s

Sun Declination

| -19°57'48.1"

Sun Semi-Diameter

| 16'15.2"

Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 08.9"

Moon Right Ascension

| 08h12m28.7s

Moon Declination

| +20°20'13.2"

Moon Semi-Diameter

| 16'42.1"

Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 1°01'17.9"

ΔT

| 69.1 s

{{clear}}

Eclipse season

{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

class="wikitable"

|+ Eclipse season of January 2019

! January 6
Descending node (new moon)
!! January 21
Ascending node (full moon)

200px200px
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| Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 122

Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 134

Related eclipses

= Eclipses in 2019 =

= Metonic =

= Tzolkinex =

= Half-Saros =

= Tritos =

= Lunar Saros 134 =

= Inex =

= Triad =

= Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020 =

{{Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020}}

= Saros 134 =

{{Lunar Saros series 134}}

= Tritos series =

{{Lunar Tritos series February 2008}}

= Inex series =

{{Lunar Inex series January 2019}}

= Half-Saros cycle =

A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 141.

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!January 15, 2010

!January 26, 2028

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|240px

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • {{LEplot2001 link|2019|Jan|21|T}}
  • [http://www.hermit.org/eclipse/2019-01-21/ Hermit eclipse: 2019-01-21]
  • [https://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/solar-and-lunar-eclipses-in-2019/ Eclipse information from skyandtelescope.com, including timing in different time zones]

{{Lunar eclipses}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunar eclipse 2019-01}}

2019-01

Category:2019 in science

Category:January 2019