Jao Tsung-I

{{Infobox person

| honorific_prefix = The Honourable

| name = Jao Tsung-I

| honorific_suffix = GBM

| image = Jao Tsung-I.jpg

| birth_date = {{birth date|1917|8|9|df=yes}}

| birth_place = Xiangqiao, Chaoshan, China

| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|2|6|1917|8|9|df=yes}}

| death_place = Ruttonjee Hospital, Hong Kong

| resting_place = Hong Kong

| occupation = Sinologist, historian, palaeographer, calligrapher, painter

| alma_mater =

| awards = 1982: D.Litt (HKU)
1997: Life Achievement Award (HKADC)
2000: GBM

| parents = Rao E ({{zh|labels=no|t=饒鍔}})

| spouse = Chen Ruonong

| children = 2

| other_names = Rao Gu'an ({{zh|labels=no|t=饒固庵}})

| title = Professor of the University of Hong Kong, University of Singapore, Yale University, Academia Sinica, Chinese University of Hong Kong

| module = {{Infobox Chinese | child = yes | s=饶宗颐 |t=饒宗頤 | p = Ráo Zōngyí | w = Jao² Tsung¹-i² | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|r|ao|2|-|z|ong|1|.|yi|2}} | j= Jiu⁴ Zung¹-ji⁴ | y = Yìuh Jūng-yìh | ci={{IPAc-yue|j|iu|4|-|z|ung|1|.|j|i|4}} | teo= Riou⁵ Zong¹hi¹ | poj= Jiâu Chong-Î }}

}}

Jao Tsung-I or Rao Zongyi ({{zh|t=饒宗頤}}; 9 August 1917 – 6 February 2018) was a Hong Kong sinologist, calligrapher, historian and painter. A versatile and prolific scholar, he contributed to many fields of humanities, including history, archaeology, epigraphy, folklore, religion, art history, musicology, literature, and Near Eastern Studies. He published more than 100 books and about 1,000 academic articles over a career spanning more than 80 years.

Jao and Ji Xianlin were considered China's two greatest humanities academics by their contemporaries. Called the "pride of Hong Kong" by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang,{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2132180/distinguished-scholar-jao-tsung-i-pride-hong-kong-dies-age|title=Scholar Jao Tsung-i, the 'pride of Hong Kong', dies at age 100|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=6 February 2018}} Jao has won many awards including the Grand Bauhinia Medal, the highest honour bestowed by the Hong Kong government. The Jao Tsung-I Petite Ecole of the University of Hong Kong, the Jao Studies Foundation, and the Jao Tsung-I Academy in Kowloon have been founded in his name.

Early life and education

Jao was born in 1917 in Chao'an (now Xiangqiao){{Cite web|url=https://www.jaotipe.hku.hk/jaoti/jao_resume |script-title=zh:饒宗頤教授學藝年表|publisher=Jao Tsung-I Petite Ecole, Hong Kong University|language=zh|access-date=6 February 2018}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/eng/about/honlist/2012_hondoc_JaoTsungI.jsp|title=Jao Tsung-I|website=Hong Kong Baptist University|access-date=6 February 2018|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207010318/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/eng/about/honlist/2012_hondoc_JaoTsungI.jsp|url-status=dead}} into a scholarly Teochew family of Hakka ancestry.{{cite web |script-title=zh:汉学泰斗饶宗颐确认为客家后裔祖籍梅县铜琶村|url=http://www.chinanews.com/2002-09-21/26/225146.html|work=China News|date=21 September 2002|language=zh}}

He also used the courtesy names Gu'an and Bolian, and the art name Xuantang. Largely home-schooled and self-taught, he wrote The Scholastic Journals of Gu Tinglin at the age of 14.

Career

Jao taught at several Chinese mainland colleges before moving to Hong Kong in 1949. In the following years, he taught at the University of Hong Kong, the National University of Singapore, Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica in Taiwan, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, École française d'Extrême-Orient, École pratique des hautes études of Paris, and Yale University in the US. He was also honorary professor at several prestigious Chinese universities including Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, and Zhejiang University.

=Academic research=

Jao was a highly versatile and prolific scholar. His research covered a vast range of humanities, including oracle bones, archaeology, epigraphy, folklores, religion, art history, musicology, literature, and Near Eastern Studies. Over his 80-year-long career, he published more than 100 books and about 1,000 scholarly papers. Under the influence of the French Assyriologist Jean Bottéro,{{cite book |last=Chen |first=Hanxi |date=2016 |title=饒宗頤——東方文化坐標 |trans-title=Jao Tsung-I: Cultural Beacon of the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtfaDAAAQBAJ&dq=%E8%92%B2%E5%BE%B7%E4%BE%AF&pg=PA175 |language=zh-Hant |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Open Page Publishing |pages=176–177 |isbn=9789888369300}} he learnt cuneiform and spent ten years translating the Akkadian epic Enūma Eliš into Chinese, filling a major gap in Chinese knowledge of ancient Babylon.

In 1959, he published Yindai zhenbu renwu tongkao ({{zh|labels=no|t=殷代貞卜人物通考 |l="Oracle Bone Diviners of the Yin Dynasty"}}), which earned him the Prix Stanislas Julien from the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1962.{{cite journal|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1962_num_106_2_11476|title=Palmarès des prix et des récompenses décernés en 1962|date=8 February 1962|journal=Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres|volume=106|issue=106}} In 2000, he was awarded the Grand Bauhinia Medal, the highest honor bestowed by the Hong Kong government.

=Arts=

In addition to his academic pursuits, Jao was also a renowned calligrapher, painter, and musician. He created his own calligraphic style called Jao's Clerical Script. His calligraphic art installation, "The Wisdom Path", has become a landmark in Ngong Ping, Hong Kong. He was a master performer of the ancient Chinese instrument guqin.

In August 2017, the Hongkong Post issued a set of six special stamps featuring Jao's paintings and calligraphy.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongpoststamps.hk/eng/newsletter/2017/08/20170811a.htm|title=Special Stamp Issue – "Paintings and Calligraphy of Professor JAO Tsung-i"|date=August 2017|accessdate=8 February 2018|publisher=Hongkong Post}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Death

He died on 6 February 2018, at the age of 100 (101 by East Asian age reckoning).{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201802/06/WS5a791ac0a3106e7dcc13b0a8.html|title=Renowned Sinologist Jao Tsung-I dies at 101 |date=6 February 2018|work=China Daily|access-date=8 February 2018}}