Jask
{{Short description|City in Hormozgan province, Iran}}
{{About||the administrative divisions of Hormozgan province|Jask County|and|Jask Rural District|the nearby village|Jask-e Kohneh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Jask
|native_name = {{langx|fa|جَسک}}
|native_name_lang = fa
|settlement_type = City
|image_skyline = Cape of Jask دماغه جاسک - panoramio.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_alt =
|image_caption = Cape of Jask
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|pushpin_map = Iran
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|coordinates = {{Coord|25|39|11|N|57|46|54|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=25.653056&mlon=57.781667&zoom=15#map=15/25.65306/57.78167|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Jask, Jask County|date=18 November 2024|access-date=18 November 2024|lang=fa}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Iran
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Hormozgan
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = Jask
|subdivision_type3 = District
|subdivision_name3 = Central
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|unit_pref = Metric
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|population_as_of = 2016
|population_total = 16860
|population_density_km2 = auto
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|timezone = IRST
|utc_offset = +3:30
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Jask ({{langx|fa|جاسک}} and Balochi: جاشک){{efn|Also romanized as Jāsk; also known as Bandar-e Jask (بَندَرِ جاسک) and (Balochi: بندن ءِ جاشک); also romanized as Bandar-e Jāsk{{GEOnet3|-3067830}}}} is a city in the Central District of Jask County, Hormozgan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.{{cite report|title=Creation and formation of two districts and eight rural districts in Jask County in Hormozgan province|language=fa|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/131128|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171915/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/131128|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers|last=Mousavi|first=Mirhossein|archive-date=8 September 2023|orig-date=Approved 2 February 1366|date=c. 2023|id=Proposal 53/1/5/1/92031|access-date=8 September 2023}}
Demographics
=Population=
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 11,133 in 2,406 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/22.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094743/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/22.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 13,810 people in 2,958 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Hormozgan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117182750/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Hormozgan.xls|archive-date=17 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 16,860 people in 4,415 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_22.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505014212/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_22.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=5 May 2022}}
Jask is a port town, about {{convert|1050|mi|km|order=flip}} south of Tehran,{{cite news
| title = Iran 'opens naval base' near Gulf
| publisher = BBC News
| date = 2008-10-28
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7694947.stm
| access-date = 2008-10-28}}
situated on the Gulf of Oman.{{cite book
| author1 = Samuel Barrett Miles
| author-link = Samuel Barrett Miles
|author2=Robin Bidwell
|author2-link=Robin Leonard Bidwell
| title = The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf
| publisher = Garnet & Ithaca Press
| year = 1997
| pages = 185
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dbsOoPpZiSEC&pg=PA185
| isbn = 1-873938-56-X}}
It is the site of an Iranian Navy base that opened on 28 October 2008.{{cite news
| title = Iran opens Gulf naval base
| publisher = Al Jazeera
| date = 2008-10-28
| url = http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/10/2008102815304075949.html
| access-date = 2008-10-28}}
The base's position provides the Iranian Navy with the capability to close the Strait of Hormuz in order to block the entry of an "enemy" into the Persian Gulf. Admiral Habibollah Sayyari remarked on the base's opening that Iran was "creating a new defense front in the region, thinking of a non-regional enemy."{{cite news
| title = Iran 'opens naval base' near Gulf
| publisher = BBC
| date = 2008-10-28
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7694947.stm
| access-date = 2008-10-28}}
The port of Jask is also the proposed end of the Neka-Jask pipeline. The city also has the Jask Airport.
Port of Jask
The port of Jask is a small port on the western part of Iran's coast along the Gulf of Oman. However, over the last few years it has seen a steady growth of its export freight flows to Oman, mostly agricultural products, including refrigerated, and construction materials{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmo.ir/en/news/49567/98-increase-in-Jask-Port-exports|title=98% increase in Jask Port exports|first=Ports & Maritime|last=Organization|website=Ports & Maritime Organization|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}
Major developments for the port of Jask were announced by Iranian authorities in early 2019, i.e. the construction of a new terminal for oil tankers for a total investment of US$700 million, to be followed by the construction of a refinery and of a petrochemical plant. These developments are part of a total investment of US$1.8 billion centered on the construction of a new oil pipeline from Goreh, Bushehr to Jask in order to pump and export oil from Northern Iran.{{Cite web|url=https://theiranproject.com/blog/2019/10/01/iran-to-spend-700m-for-developing-jask-region/|title=Iran to spend $700m for developing Jask region|date=Sep 30, 2019|website=The Iran Project|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-oil-terminal-idUSKBN1WG3P1|title=Iran building oil pipeline to terminal outside Gulf|newspaper=Reuters|date=Oct 1, 2019|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021|via=www.reuters.com}}
When these investments are completed in Jask, they will contribute to developing Iran's southern regional economy, as is already the case further east at Chabahar Port, and to facilitating exports through ports which do not require ships to enter the Persian Gulf through the Hormuz Strait.
History
The English people made Jask their primary commercial port in the 17th century, and in 1616 AD, a ship carrying their first shipment sailed from India and arrived at Jask. English businessmen founded the first East India Company trading post in Jask in the year 1619. Jask served as the East India Company's hub for trade and transactions with the Iranian central region up until Bandar Abbas was given responsibility for English trade. The English and Portuguese engaged in a bloody battle that ended with the Portuguese being defeated and driven from Jask in the late 1620s after the Portuguese blocked two East India Company ships from entering the port.
Language
The linguistic composition of the city:{{Cite web|title=Language distribution: Hormozgan Province|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.hormozgan#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiJhNDFiYzVjYjVjM2VhNDMzZTVkMzhiOTRhNTRjOTI1OCIsInMiOjE2MzI3MjU2ODU4OTF9|access-date=26 September 2021|website=Iran Atlas}}{{bar box|title=Jask linguistic composition|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|Balochi|yellow|70}}
{{bar percent|Bandari Farsi|gray|25}}
{{bar percent|New Persian|orange|5}}}}
Climate
Jask has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers, warm winters and little precipitation. Due to winds blowing off the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, the city has experienced some of the highest dew points and heat indices in the world. On July 31, 2015, Jask observed a temperature of {{convert|102.2|F|C|order=flip}} degrees with a dew point of {{convert|91.4|F|C|order=flip}}, leading to a heat index of {{convert|69|C|F}}.{{cite news|last1=Samenow|first1=Jason|title=Iran city hits suffocating heat index of 165 degrees, near world record|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/07/30/iran-city-hits-suffocating-heat-index-of-154-degrees-near-world-record/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=16 January 2017}} On July 20, 2012, Jask experienced a dew point temperature of {{convert|35|C|F}}.{{Cite web|url=https://weatherspark.com/h/d/148904/2012/7/20/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-July-20-2012-at-Jask-Iran#metar-15-00|title=Historical Weather on Friday, July 20, 2012 at Jask, Iran - Weather Spark|website=weatherspark.com|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}
{{Weather box
| location = Jask (1991–2020)
| width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 29.0
|Feb record high C = 31.3
|Mar record high C = 35.0
|Apr record high C = 39.0
|May record high C = 44.8
|Jun record high C = 47.2
|Jul record high C = 43.0
|Aug record high C = 42.0
|Sep record high C = 42.0
|Oct record high C = 43.8
|Nov record high C = 39.0
|Dec record high C = 30.6
|year record high C = 47.2
| Jan high C = 23.8
| Feb high C = 24.6
| Mar high C = 26.7
| Apr high C = 30.3
| May high C = 33.7
| Jun high C = 34.8
| Jul high C = 33.8
| Aug high C = 32.9
| Sep high C = 32.6
| Oct high C = 31.9
| Nov high C = 28.7
| Dec high C = 25.7
| year high C = 30.0
| Jan mean C = 21.1
| Feb mean C = 22.0
| Mar mean C = 24.1
| Apr mean C = 27.4
| May mean C = 30.7
| Jun mean C = 32.5
| Jul mean C = 32.2
| Aug mean C = 31.4
| Sep mean C = 30.6
| Oct mean C = 29.2
| Nov mean C = 25.9
| Dec mean C = 22.7
| year mean C = 27.5
| Jan low C = 17.5
| Feb low C = 18.8
| Mar low C = 21.0
| Apr low C = 24.4
| May low C = 27.6
| Jun low C = 30.0
| Jul low C = 30.7
| Aug low C = 29.8
| Sep low C = 28.5
| Oct low C = 26.2
| Nov low C = 22.4
| Dec low C = 19.1
| year low C = 24.7
|Jan record low C = 6.0
|Feb record low C = 8.0
|Mar record low C = 13.0
|Apr record low C = 14.0
|May record low C = 20.0
|Jun record low C = 18.0
|Jul record low C = 22.0
|Aug record low C = 20.0
|Sep record low C = 22.0
|Oct record low C = 18.0
|Nov record low C = 13.0
|Dec record low C = 9.0
|year record low C = 6.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 32.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 9.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 26.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 4.7
| May precipitation mm = 0.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 5.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 0.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 8.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 22.4
| year precipitation mm = 110.0
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.4
| Feb precipitation days = 1.3
| Mar precipitation days = 1.9
| Apr precipitation days = 0.6
| May precipitation days = 0.0
| Jun precipitation days = 0.1
| Jul precipitation days = 0.1
| Aug precipitation days = 0.0
| Sep precipitation days = 0.0
| Oct precipitation days = 0.1
| Nov precipitation days = 0.9
| Dec precipitation days = 1.9
| year precipitation days = 9.3
| Jan humidity = 63
| Feb humidity = 65
| Mar humidity = 69
| Apr humidity = 68
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 73
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 78
| Oct humidity = 71
| Nov humidity = 64
| Dec humidity = 61
| year humidity =
| Jan sun = 244
| Feb sun = 230
| Mar sun = 246
| Apr sun = 281
| May sun = 321
| Jun sun = 281
| Jul sun = 223
| Aug sun = 241
| Sep sun = 265
| Oct sun = 289
| Nov sun = 269
| Dec sun = 261
| year sun = 3151
|source 1 = NOAA NCEI{{cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Jask-40893 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Jask_40893.csv |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA |access-date=17 March 2024 |format=CSV}}
|source 2 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records)*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/7.asp |title= Highest record temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-date= February 16, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170216155937/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/7.asp |url-status= dead }}
- {{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/6.asp |title= Lowest record temperature in Jask by Month 1983–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-date= February 16, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170216160155/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/6.asp |url-status= dead }}}}
See also
{{Commons category-inline|Jask}}
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Hormozgan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Jask County|state=collapsed}}
Category:Cities in Hormozgan province