Jean-Marie Villot

He was born on 11 October 1905 in Saint-Amant-Tallende, Puy-de-Dôme, to Joseph and Marie (née Laville) Villot; he was an only child. Before serving in the military until 2 August 1924, he studied for the priesthood in Riom, Clermont, and Lyon. He became a Marist novice on 7 September 1925, but left the order three months later. He then studied at the Catholic Institute of Paris and the Pontifical Athenaeum Angelicum in Rome, where he earned a licentiate in canon law and a doctorate in sacred theology in 1934 with a thesis entitled Le pape Nicolas II et le décret de 1059 sur l'élection pontificale.{{cite web|authorlink=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=VILLOT, Jean (1905-1979)|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1965.htm#Villot|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=|publisher=Florida International University|oclc=53276621}}

He was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Paris on 19 April 1930 by Archbishop Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, rector of the Institut Catholique. From 1931 to 1934, he served as secretary to Pierre-Marie Gerlier, Bishop of Tarbes-et-Lourdes. He taught at the Clermont seminary and the Catholic University in Lyon, serving as vice-rector of the latter from 1942 to 1950. At the start of 1950 he was incardinated into the Archdiocese of Lyon.

File:Coat of arms of Jean-Marie Villot (Camerlengo).svg

Pope Pius XII appointed Villot auxiliary bishop of Paris and titular bishop of Vinda on 2 September 1954. He received his episcopal consecration on 12 October from Cardinal Maurice Feltin, with Archbishop Emile Guerry

of Cambrai and Bishop Pierre de la Chanonie of Clermont as co-consecrators.

On 17 December 1959, he was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Lyon and titular archbishop of Bosporus. He succeeded Cardinal Gerlier as Archbishop of Lyon on 17 January 1965.

During the Second Vatican Council, he served as one of several of the council's undersecretaries, where his performance impressed Pope Paul VI.

{{Infobox cardinal styles|

cardinal name=Jean-Marie Villot|

dipstyle=His Eminence|

offstyle=Your Eminence|

relstyle=Monsignor|

See=Lyon|

deathstyle=|

image = Coat of arms of Jean-Marie Villot.svg|

image_size = 200px}}

On 22 February 1965, he was created Cardinal-Priest of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio by Pope Paul VI.{{cite news | work = New York Times| url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/02/23/97186241.pdf | access-date = 8 July 2019 | date= 23 February 1965| title = Pontiff Installs 27 New Cardinals}}

He was named Prefect of the Congregation of the Council (later renamed the Congregation for the Clergy) on 7 April 1967. Two years later, on 2 May 1969, he was named Cardinal Secretary of State{{cite web | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url =https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/speeches/1969/may/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19690502_chirografo-pontificio.html | publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana | language = it | date = 2 May 1969 | title = Chirografo di Paolo VI per la Nomina del Signo Cardinal Giovanni Villot all'Alta Mansione di Segretario di Stato }} as part of Pope Paul's program to internationalize the Roman Curia. Though Villot told reporters "I have long been a Roman at heart", his appointment was resented by the Italians though without public conflict. Pope Paul underscored his stance by adding to Villot's portfolio in May 1969, naming him head of the Section if the Secretariat of State responsible for foreign affairs, expanding his control over broader curia by making him President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.{{cite news | work= New York Times | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1969/05/06/archives/pope-voices-faith-in-cardinal-villot.html | title = Pope Voices Faith in Cardinal Villot | date = 6 May 1969 }}

Villot was named Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church on 16 October 1970, the first non-Italian to hold the office in half a millennium, a further testament of Pope Paul's insistence on expanding the role of non-Italians at the highest levels of the Vatican bureaucracy. On 15 July 1971, he was appointed President of the newly formed Pontifical Council Cor Unum, a position he resigned on 4 September 1978, during the brief pontificate of Pope John Paul I.

File:Visita del Cardinale Villot al Presidente della Repubblica Giovanni Leone – 1.jpg in the Quirinal Palace in September 1972]]

Pope Paul elevated him to Cardinal Bishop of Frascati on 12 December 1974.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Villot was present at the death of Paul VI in Castel Gandolfo on 6 August 1978.{{cite news | work= New York Times | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1978/08/07/archives/election-to-be-held-cardinals-are-to-convene-in-about-two-weeks-to.html | date= 7 August 1978 | title = Election to be Held}}

Pope John Paul I retained Villot as Secretary of State.{{cite web | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url =https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-i/it/speeches/documents/hf_jp-i_spe_27081978_chirograph.html | publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana | language = it | date = 27 August 1978 | title = Il Chirografo del Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo I per la Nomina del Segretario di Stato }} When Pope John Paul II announced that he would retain Villot as Secretary of State, he made clear the appointment was short-term but also confirmed Villot in his other positions. He noted that Villot himself had suggested that the first non-Italian pope in centuries might want an Italian as his Secretary of State.{{cite web | publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana | date = 24 October 1978 | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url =https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/letters/1978/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_19781024_card-villot.html | language = it | title = Lettera di Giovanni Paolo II al Cardinale Giovanni Villot per la Nomina a Segretario di Stato }} He remained in office until his death in March 1979.{{cite web | publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana | date = 1 July 1979 | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url =https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/speeches/1979/july/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19790701_chirografo.html | language = it | title = Messaggio del Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo II al Cardinale Agostino Casaroli }}

Villot participated as a cardinal elector in both the August and October conclaves of 1978, which elected John Paul I and John Paul II respectively, and presided at the conclaves because he was the senior cardinal bishop in attendance. As Camerlengo he acted as the interim administrator of the Holy See in the interregnums of 1978.{{cite news | work= New York Times | access-date = 8 July 2019 | date = 8 August 1978 | title = The Vatican Official in Temporary Charge | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1978/08/08/archives/the-vatican-official-in-temporary-charge-jean-cardinal-villot-man.html}}

Villot died at age 73 from bronchial pneumonia on 9 March 1979, in his Vatican City apartment, the day he returned from a four-day hospital stay.{{cite news | work = New York Times | access-date = 8 July 2019 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/10/archives/jean-cardinal-villot-dead-at-73-was-vaticans-secretary-of-state.html | date= 10 March 1979 | first = Paul | last = Hofmann | title = Jean Cardinal Villot Dead at 73}} John Paul II celebrated his funeral Mass in St. Peter's Basilica on 13 March,{{cite web| access-date = 8 July 2019 | url =https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/1979/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19790313_esequie-card-villot.html | date= 13 March 1979 |language= it | title = Capella Papale per le Esequie del Cardinale Giovanni Villot, Omelia del Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo II }} and his remains were buried in the crypt of Ss. Trinità al Monte Pincio.

{{reflist}}

• Wenger, Antoine, Le cardinal Jean Villot 1905-1979: Secretaire d'état de trois papes, Desclée de Brouwere, Paris, 1989 {{ISBN|2-220-03063-6}}

• [http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bvillot.html Catholic Hierarchy: Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot]
• {{cite web|authorlink=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=VILLOT, Jean (1905-1979)|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1965.htm#Villot|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=|publisher=Florida International University|oclc=53276621}}

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{{Succession box| before=Pierre-Marie Gerlier | title=Archbishop of Lyon | after=Alexandre Renard | years=17 January 1965 – 7 April 1967 }}

{{Succession box| before=Pietro Ciriaci | title=Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy | after=John Joseph Wright | years=7 April 1967 – 2 May 1969 }}

{{Succession box| before=Benedetto Aloisi Masella | title=Camerlengo | years=16 October 1970 – 9 March 1979| after=Paolo Bertoli }}

{{Succession box| before=none | title=President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum | years=15 July 1971 – 4 September 1978| after=Bernardin Gantin }}

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{{Succession box| before=Amleto Giovanni Cicognani | title=Cardinal Secretary of State | years=2 May 1969 – 9 March 1979| after=Agostino Casaroli }}

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Category:1905 births

Category:1979 deaths

Category:Presidents of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

Category:20th-century French cardinals

Category:Cardinal-bishops of Frascati

Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council

Category:Archbishops of Lyon

Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Vatican City

Category:Deaths from bronchopneumonia

Category:Cardinal Secretaries of State

Category:Prefects of the Congregation for the Clergy

Category:Pontifical Council Cor Unum

Category:Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

Category:Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church

Category:Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI

Category:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas alumni

Category:People from Puy-de-Dôme

Category:French Roman Catholic titular archbishops