Jiangshan dialect
{{Short description|Southern Wu dialect spoken in China}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Jiangshan dialect
|nativename={{lang|zh-Hans|江山話}}
|states=China
|region=Jiangshan city, Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province
|speakers=500,000–600,000{{cn|date=August 2013}}
|date=no date
|ref=
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Sinitic
|fam3=Wu
|fam4=Chuqu
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=long1386
|glottoname=Jiangshan
|notice=IPA
}}
The Jiangshan dialect (江山話) is a Southern Wu dialect, closely related to that of Quzhou. It is spoken in Jiangshan, a city in Quzhou prefecture, China.
Phonology
=Initials=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
| colspan=2| |
|---|
| align=center
!colspan=2|Nasal |{{IPA|m}} 馬 |{{IPA|n}} 腦 | |{{IPA link|ŋ}} 我 | |
| align=center
!rowspan=3|Plosive |{{IPA|p}} 巴 |{{IPA|t}} 豬 | |{{IPA|k}} 姜 | |
| align=center
|{{IPA|pʰ}} 怕 |{{IPA|tʰ}} 聽 | |{{IPA|kʰ}} 氣 | |
| align=center
|{{IPA|b̥}} 爬 |{{IPA|d̥}} 同 | |{{IPA|ɡ̊}} 群 | |
| align=center
!rowspan=3|Affricate | |{{IPA|ts}} 再 |{{IPA link|tɕ}} 朱 | | |
| align=center
| |{{IPA|tsʰ}} 寸 |{{IPA link|tɕʰ}} 唱 | | |
| align=center
| |{{IPA|d̥z̥}} 茶 |{{IPA link|d̥ʑ̊}} 傳 | | |
| align=center
!rowspan=2|Fricative |{{IPA|f}} 夫 |{{IPA|s}} 山 |{{IPA link|ɕ}} 心 | |{{IPA link|h}} 曉 |
| align=center
|{{IPA|v̥}} 浮 |{{IPA|z̥}} 事 |{{IPA link|ʑ̊}} 樹 | |{{IPA link|ɦ}} 雲 |
| align=center
!colspan=2|Approximant | | {{IPA|l}} 李 | | | |
=Finals=
| class="wikitable" | ||||
| 耳 {{IPA|[ør]}} | 衣 {{IPA|[ɦi]}} | 无 {{IPA|[vu]}} | 雨 {{IPA|[ɦy]}} | 之 {{IPA|[tsɿ]}} |
| 拉 {{IPA|[lɑ]}} | 家 {{IPA|[kiɑ]}} | 瓦 {{IPA|[ŋuɑ]}} | ||
| 鞋 {{IPA|[ɦæ]}} | 也 {{IPA|[ɦiæ]}} | 快 {{IPA|[kʰuæ]}} | ||
| 天 {{IPA|[tʰiɛ̃]}} | 全 {{IPA|[ʑyɛ̃]}} | |||
| 开 {{IPA|[kʰe]}} | 会 {{IPA|[kue]}} | |||
| 哥 {{IPA|[ko]}} | ||||
| 包 {{IPA|[pɐɯ]}} | 表 {{IPA|[piɐɯ]}} | |||
| 楼 {{IPA|[lɯ]}} | 秋 {{IPA|[tɕʰiɯ]}} | |||
| 三 {{IPA|[sã]}} | 香 {{IPA|[hiã]}} | 关 {{IPA|[kuã]}} | ||
| 干 {{IPA|[kɔ̃]}} | 状 {{IPA|[ʑiɔ̃]}} | |||
| 盘 {{IPA|[bɐ̃]}} | 官 {{IPA|[kuɐ̃]}} | |||
| 门 {{IPA|[mõ]}} | 穷 {{IPA|[ɡiõ]}} | |||
| 齿 {{IPA|[tsʰɿə]}} | 鱼 {{IPA|[ŋɯə]}} | |||
| 金 {{IPA|[kœ̃]}} | 森 {{IPA|[ɕyœ̃]}} | |||
| 京 {{IPA|[kĩ]}} | 春 {{IPA|[tɕʰỹ]}} | |||
| 八 {{IPA|[paʔ]}} | 学 {{IPA|[ɦiaʔ]}} | 扩 {{IPA|[kʰuaʔ]}} | ||
| 笔 {{IPA|[pœʔ]}} | 十 {{IPA|[ʑyœʔ]}} | |||
| 日 {{IPA|[nəʔ]}} | 习 {{IPA|[ʑiɛʔ]}} | 越 {{IPA|[ɦyɛʔ]}} | ||
| 月 {{IPA|[ŋoʔ]}} | 肉 {{IPA|[ʑioʔ]}} | |||
| 合 {{IPA|[kɔʔ]}} | 肉 {{IPA|[ŋyɔʔ]}} |
=Tones=
The Jiangshan dialect is considered to have eight tones. However, since tone split from Middle Chinese, each character still depends on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: pin, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless, as their distinctiveness lies in a final glottal stop.)
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Tone chart of Jiangshan dialect | |||
| Number | Tone name | Tone contour | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1
| 陰平 yīn píng || {{IPA|˦}} (44) || 天空飛山 | |||
| 2
| 陽平 yáng píng ||{{IPA|˨˧˩}} (231) || 南來田皮 | |||
| 3
| 陰上 yīn shàng ||{{IPA|˧˨˦}} (324) || 紙九火口 | |||
| 4
| 陽上 yang shàng ||{{IPA|˨}} (22) || 坐買有被 | |||
| 5
| 陰去 yīn qù ||{{IPA|˥˩}} (51) || 菜四送去 | |||
| 6
| 陽去 yáng qù ||{{IPA|˧˩}} (31) || 備洞路硬 | |||
| 7
| 陰入 yīn rù ||{{IPA|˦˥ʔ}} (45) || 七雪踢客 | |||
| 8
| 陽入 yáng rù ||{{IPA|˩˨ʔ}} (12) || 六肉白獨 |
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Chinese language}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jiangshan Dialect}}
{{St-lang-stub}}