Jiexiu#History

The territory around {{nowrap|Mt Mian}} was known as Mianshang under the Zhou.{{sfnp|Xiao & al.|1996|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=V08ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA274 274]}} By the Jin, the territory was known as Dingyang and the settlement at Jiexiu proper as Pingchang.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} Under the Northern Wei (4th–5th century), both became known as Jiexiu{{nbsp}}Commandery.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} Under the Tang, this was renamed Jiezhou AD{{nbsp}}618–627.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}}

{{see also|Jie Zhitui|Cold Food Festival}}

Mianshang was supposedly set apart by Duke Chong'er to endow sacrifices for his retainer Jie Zhitui {{c.|636}}{{nbsp}}BC. The early histories state that Jie had loyally followed Chong'er in exile around China for 19 years but, when Chong'er was installed as duke of Jin by a Qin army, Jie had chosen to retire as a hermit rather than debase himself by asking for favors.{{harvp|Legge|1872|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KzJ3D82yE_AC&pg=PA191 191–2]}}.{{citation |last=Lü |first=Buwei |author-mask=Lü Buwei & al. |trans-title=Master Lü's Spring & Autumn Annals |script-title=zh:《呂氏春秋》 |url=http://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu/zh |contribution-url=http://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu/jie-li/zh |contribution=An Account of Jie }}. {{in lang|zh}}{{harvp|Knoblock & al.|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2F2HKh99PDMC&pg=PA263 263–4]}}.{{harvp|Nienhauser & al.|2006|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xGBYRAIfExsC&pg=PA331 331–5]}}.{{citation |last=Sima |first=Qian |author-mask=Sima Qian & al. |trans-title=Records of the Grand Historian |script-title=zh:《史記》 |volume=39 |contribution=The Dynasty of Jin }}. {{in lang|zh}}. In time, this caused him to be seen as a Taoist immortal.{{citation |trans-title=Collected Biographies of the Immortals |script-title=zh:《列仙傳》 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Xiang |editor-mask=Pseudo-Liu Xiang |contribution=Jiezi Tui |contribution-url=http://ctext.org/lie-xian-zhuan/jie-zi-tui }}. {{in lang|zh}} Later legend embellished the tale, having Jie save Chong'er from starvation{{CN|date=September 2023}} by cooking a soup made from meat from his own thigh{{sfnp|Liao|1959|loc=[http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=xwomen/texts/hanfei.xml&style=xwomen/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=d2.27&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d2.37&doc.lang=bilingual Bk. VIII, Ch. xxvii]}}{{sfnp|Legge & al.|1891|loc=[http://ctext.org/zhuangzi/robber-zhi Bk. XXIX, §10]}} only to be killed when Chong'er listened to advice from Jin courtiers that the way to drive him out of the mountains was to light a forest fire.{{harvp|Huang & al.|2016|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=XN1SDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 82–3]}}. The idea was that Jie's duty to his mother would overcome his pride and they would flee together;{{sfnp|Lan & al.|1996}} instead, their corpses were found days later beneath a willow.{{sfnp|Lan & al.|1996}} Temples were erected in Jie's honor{{CN|date=September 2023}} and, by the Han, the people of Shanxi tried to curry favor with his spirit by observing a Cold Food Festival in the dead of winter.{{sfnp|Pokora|1975|pp=122 & 136–7}}{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|p=52–4}} They ignored repeated attempts to ban it{{citation |trans-title=Book of the Later Han |script-title=zh:《後漢書》 |volume=Vol. 61 |at=§2024 |last=Fan |first=Ye |author-mask=Fan Ye }}. {{in lang|zh}}{{citation |trans-title=Imperial Reader of the Taiping Era |script-title=zh:《太平御覽》 |at=Vol. 28, §8a; Vol. 30, §6a–b; Vol. 869, §7b |last=Li |first=Fang |author-mask=Li Fang }}. {{in lang|zh}}{{citation |author-mask=Fang Xuanling |last=Fang |first=Xuanling |trans-title=Book of Jin |script-title=zh:《晉書》 |volume=Vol. 105 |at=§2749–50 }}. {{in lang|zh}}{{citation |trans-title=Book of Wei |script-title=zh:《魏書》 |last=Wei |first=Shou |author-mask=Wei Shou |at=Vol. 7A, §140, & Vol. 7B, §179 }}. {{in lang|zh}}{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|pp=54–9}} although, as it moved to spring{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|p=69}} and spread throughout China,{{citation |trans-title=Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People |script-title=zh:《齊民要術》 |volume=Vol. 9 |at=§521 |language=zh}}{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|pp=60–1}} it eventually developed into the present-day Tomb-Sweeping Festival.{{harvp|Zhang|2017}}.{{harvp|Wu|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K3N-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT126 126]}}

During the Warring States Period, the area of Jiexiu was held by Zhao before its conquest by Qin.{{sfnp|Barbieri-Low & al.|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1021 1021]}} Under the Han, it was part of Dingyang County (t{{nbsp}}{{lang|zh|{{linktext|定|陽|縣}}}}, s{{nbsp}}{{lang|zh|{{linktext|定|阳|县}}}}, Dìngyáng Xiàn) in Shang Commandery.{{sfnp|Barbieri-Low & al.|2015|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR56 lvi], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR66 lxvi], & [https://books.google.com/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1021 1021]}} Jiexiu County was created under the Jin, but with its seat southeast of the current town.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} The Northern Wei moved to the present location—then known as Pingchang—around AD{{nbsp}}484 and made it the seat of a commandery.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} This was made a county again by the Sui in 598, restored by the Tang in 617, and changed to a prefecture the next year.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}}

Jiexiu experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Spring is dry, with frequent dust storms, followed by early summer heat waves. Summer tends to be warm to hot with most of the year's rainfall concentrated in July and August. Winter is long and cold, but dry and sunny. Because of the aridity, there tends to be considerable diurnal variation in temperature, except during the summer. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−4.0|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|24.6|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|11.18|°C|1}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,425 hours of bright sunshine annually.

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|collapsed = yes

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|location = Jiexiu, elevation {{convert|746|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals)

|Jan high C = 3.0

|Feb high C = 7.5

|Mar high C = 14.1

|Apr high C = 21.1

|May high C = 26.3

|Jun high C = 30.3

|Jul high C = 30.9

|Aug high C = 28.8

|Sep high C = 24.4

|Oct high C = 18.6

|Nov high C = 10.9

|Dec high C = 4.3

|Jan mean C = -3.6

|Feb mean C = 0.3

|Mar mean C = 6.8

|Apr mean C = 13.7

|May mean C = 19.2

|Jun mean C = 23.1

|Jul mean C = 24.7

|Aug mean C = 22.6

|Sep mean C = 17.6

|Oct mean C = 11.5

|Nov mean C = 4.2

|Dec mean C = -1.8

|Jan low C = -9.1

|Feb low C = -5.5

|Mar low C = 0.3

|Apr low C = 6.3

|May low C = 11.5

|Jun low C = 15.8

|Jul low C = 19.1

|Aug low C = 17.5

|Sep low C = 12.0

|Oct low C = 5.5

|Nov low C = -1.1

|Dec low C = -6.7

|Jan record high C = 14.0 |Jan record low C = -21.0

|Feb record high C = 22.9 |Feb record low C = -22.6

|Mar record high C = 30.2 |Mar record low C = -10.0

|Apr record high C = 36.3 |Apr record low C = -5.7

|May record high C = 35.1 |May record low C = -1.3

|Jun record high C = 40.6 |Jun record low C = 4.7

|Jul record high C = 38.7 |Jul record low C = 10.4

|Aug record high C = 38.4 |Aug record low C = 9.1

|Sep record high C = 36.8 |Sep record low C = -0.5

|Oct record high C = 29.2 |Oct record low C = -6.5

|Nov record high C = 25.4 |Nov record low C = -17.0

|Dec record high C = 17.7 |Dec record low C = -21.9

|year high C = |year low C =

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 3.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 6.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 10.4

|Apr precipitation mm = 29.2

|May precipitation mm = 31.0

|Jun precipitation mm = 43.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 102.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 102.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 61.8

|Oct precipitation mm = 35.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 12.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 3.3

|Jan humidity = 52

|Feb humidity = 50

|Mar humidity = 46

|Apr humidity = 47

|May humidity = 49

|Jun humidity = 57

|Jul humidity = 70

|Aug humidity = 75

|Sep humidity = 73

|Oct humidity = 66

|Nov humidity = 60

|Dec humidity = 53

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 2.4

|Feb precipitation days = 3.0

|Mar precipitation days = 3.8

|Apr precipitation days = 5.9

|May precipitation days = 6.6

|Jun precipitation days = 8.5

|Jul precipitation days = 11.4

|Aug precipitation days = 10.4

|Sep precipitation days = 8.5

|Oct precipitation days = 6.5

|Nov precipitation days = 3.7

|Dec precipitation days = 1.9

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 144.4

|Feb sun = 158.5

|Mar sun = 195.6

|Apr sun = 220.2

|May sun = 238.7

|Jun sun = 198.9

|Jul sun = 172.0

|Aug sun = 168.3

|Sep sun = 150.5

|Oct sun = 159.1

|Nov sun = 148.0

|Dec sun = 143.1

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 47

| Feb percentsun = 51

| Mar percentsun = 52

| Apr percentsun = 55

| May percentsun = 54

| Jun percentsun = 45

| Jul percentsun = 39

| Aug percentsun = 41

| Sep percentsun = 41

| Oct percentsun = 46

| Nov percentsun = 49

| Dec percentsun = 48

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 3.1

|Feb snow days = 3.7

|Mar snow days = 2.1

|Apr snow days = 0.5

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0.1

|Nov snow days = 2.0

|Dec snow days = 2.4

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=26 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =26 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21

}}

}}

Jiexiu administers an area divided into five subdistricts, seven towns, and three townships:

• G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway
• China National Highway 108

{{noteslist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

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• [http://www.xzqh.org/html/index.html www.xzqh.org] {{in lang|zh}}

{{County-level divisions of Shanxi}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:County-level divisions of Shanxi

Category:Jinzhong