Jinning, Kunming
{{distinguish|Jining}}
{{For|the rural township on the northwestern corner of the island of Greater Kinmen|Jinning, Kinmen}}
{{expand Chinese|晋宁区|date=August 2012|topic=geo}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Jinning
|other_name =
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|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|晋宁区}}}}
|settlement_type = District
|image_skyline = Kunyang Town in Jinning County of Yunnan province in China.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Kunyang Town in Jinning
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|image_map = 晋宁区位置图.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Jinning (red) and Kunming City (pink) in Yunnan province
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| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Yunnan
|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture
|subdivision_name2 = Kunming Prefecture
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|established_title3 =Established
|established_date3 =1956
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|area_total_km2 =1230.86
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|population_as_of =2020
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|population_total =346,268
|population_density_km2 =auto
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|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = +8
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|postal_code_type =Postal code
|postal_code =650600
|area_code =0871
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|website = http://www.jinning.gov.cn/
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Jinning District ({{zh|s=晋宁区 |t=晉寧區 |p=Jìnníng Qū}}) is one of seven districts of the prefecture-level city of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The formation of the district was approved on November 24, 2016, after the dissolution of the former Jinning County ({{lang|zh-hans|晋宁县}}) by the State Council.{{cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/yn/19766.html|script-title=zh:晋宁区历史沿革|publisher=xzqh.org|date=2016-12-02| language = zh-hans|access-date=2019-07-19}} It is located at the southern tip of Dian Lake and is well known within China as the birthplace of Zheng He.
Jinning District borders Chengjiang to the east, Hongta District and Jiangchuan District to the south, Anning, Yunnan, Eshan County and Yimen County to the west, and Xishan District and Chenggong District to the north.
Nature
The southwestern "panhandle" of Jinning District (Xiyang Township, {{Lang-zh|c=夕阳乡|labels=no}}) contains two caves (Yanzi and Shitou) known for their bat population. Starting from the early 2010s, researchers from the Wuhan Institute of Virology and EcoHealth Alliance carried out studies of viruses carried by those bats, discovering some that were fairly close to the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. A 2018 study found antibodies to some of these bat viruses in the blood of a few villagers residing near the bat caves as well, indicating that some of them may have been exposed to bat coronaviruses.{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Ning |last2=Li |first2=Shi-Yue |last3=Yang |first3=Xing-Lou |last4=Huang | first4 = Hui-Min |last5=Zhang |first5=Yu-Ji |last6=Guo |first6=Hua |last7=Luo |first7=Chu-Ming |last8=Miller |first8=Maureen |last9=Zhu |first9=Guangjian |last10=Chmura |first10=Aleksei A. |last11= Hagan | first11=Emily |last12=Zhou |first12=Ji-Hua |last13=Zhang |first13=Yun-Zhi |last14=Wang |first14=Lin-Fa |last15=Daszak |first15=Peter |last16=Shi |first16=Zheng-Li |title= Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans, China |journal=Virologica Sinica |date=2018-03-02 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=104–107 |doi=10.1007/s12250-018-0012-7 |pmid=29500691 |issn=1674-0769|pmc=6178078 }}{{cite journal |last1=Ge |first1=Xing-Yi |last2=Li |first2=Jia-Lu |last3=Yang |first3=Xing-Lou |last4=Chmura |first4=Aleksei A. |last5=Zhu |first5=Guangjian |last6=Epstein |first6=Jonathan H. |last7=Mazet |first7=Jonna K. |last8=Hu |first8=Ben |last9=Zhang |first9=Wei |last10=Peng |first10=Cheng |last11=Zhang |first11=Yu-Ji |last12=Luo |first12=Chu-Ming |last13=Tan |first13=Bing | last14 = Wang |first14=Ning |last15=Zhu |first15=Yan |last16=Crameri |first16=Gary |last17=Zhang |first17=Shu-Yi |last18=Wang |first18=Lin-Fa |last19=Daszak |first19=Peter |last20=Shi |first20=Zheng-Li |title=Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor |journal=Nature |date=2013 |volume=503 |issue=7477 |pages=535–538 |doi=10.1038/nature12711 |pmid=24172901 |pmc=5389864 |bibcode=2013Natur.503..535G |issn=0028-0836}} (This paper does not specifically indicate the location of the caves, but the 2018 paper clearly indicates that the 2013 paper deals with bats from the same two caves).
History
In 303 CE, during the Jin dynasty, Li Xiu became commander of the area after the abrupt death of her father, defeating a local rebellion after lasting a seven-year siege.{{Cite web|url=http://www.colorq.org/Articles/article.aspx?d=asianwomen&x=lixiu|title=Li Xiu - defender of Ningzhou - ColorQ Articles Etc|website=www.colorq.org|access-date=2019-06-06}}
Administrative divisions
Kunyang Town, Jincheng Town and Baofeng Town, Erjie Village, Shuanghe Yi Nationality Village, Xiyang Yi Nationality Village, Shangsuan Village, Xinjie Village and Lujie Village
Ethnic groups
According to the Kunming City Almanac (1997:476), ethnic Hani are found in Gaoliangdi ({{lang|zh|高粱地}}){{Cite web |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=104450 |title=晋宁县夕阳彝族乡高粱地村委会 |access-date=2013-10-09 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230220/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=104450 |url-status=dead }} and Xiyang ({{lang|zh-hans|夕阳}}){{Cite web |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=104441 |title=晋宁县夕阳彝族乡夕阳村委会 |access-date=2013-10-09 |archive-date=2015-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610223936/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=104441 |url-status=dead }} of Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township ({{lang|zh-hans|夕阳乡}}), Jinning County.
Climate
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Jinning, elevation {{convert|1979|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present)
|Jan record high C = 23.9
|Feb record high C = 26.9
|Mar record high C = 29.3
|Apr record high C = 30.9
|May record high C = 32.6
|Jun record high C = 33.2
|Jul record high C = 30.6
|Aug record high C = 30.8
|Sep record high C = 29.7
|Oct record high C = 27.4
|Nov record high C = 25.1
|Dec record high C = 24.6
|Jan record low C = -4.2
|Feb record low C = -2.5
|Mar record low C = -0.4
|Apr record low C = 3.7
|May record low C = 6.0
|Jun record low C = 8.9
|Jul record low C = 12.0
|Aug record low C = 10.1
|Sep record low C = 5.3
|Oct record low C = 3.5
|Nov record low C = -0.9
|Dec record low C = -4.5
|Jan high C = 16.4
|Feb high C = 18.7
|Mar high C = 22.0
|Apr high C = 24.7
|May high C = 25.5
|Jun high C = 25.4
|Jul high C = 24.7
|Aug high C = 24.7
|Sep high C = 23.4
|Oct high C = 21.2
|Nov high C = 18.7
|Dec high C = 16.1
|Jan mean C = 9.1
|Feb mean C = 11.3
|Mar mean C = 14.6
|Apr mean C = 17.6
|May mean C = 19.4
|Jun mean C = 20.4
|Jul mean C = 20.0
|Aug mean C = 19.7
|Sep mean C = 18.1
|Oct mean C = 15.8
|Nov mean C = 12.2
|Dec mean C = 9.2
|Jan low C = 4.1
|Feb low C = 5.7
|Mar low C = 8.8
|Apr low C = 11.8
|May low C = 14.7
|Jun low C = 16.9
|Jul low C = 17.0
|Aug low C = 16.5
|Sep low C = 14.9
|Oct low C = 12.5
|Nov low C = 7.9
|Dec low C = 4.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 24.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 13.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 18.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 28.6
|May precipitation mm = 75.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 147.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 185.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 159.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 99.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 73.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 32.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 14.4
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 4.7
|Feb precipitation days = 3.9
|Mar precipitation days = 5.0
|Apr precipitation days = 7.1
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days = 15.6
|Jul precipitation days = 20.4
|Aug precipitation days = 19.0
|Sep precipitation days = 13.9
|Oct precipitation days = 12.2
|Nov precipitation days = 5.5
|Dec precipitation days = 4.4
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 229.3
|Feb sun = 234.8
|Mar sun = 265.3
|Apr sun = 263.1
|May sun = 226.9
|Jun sun = 158.7
|Jul sun = 133.1
|Aug sun = 148.7
|Sep sun = 136.6
|Oct sun = 155.0
|Nov sun = 202.5
|Dec sun = 205.9
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 68
| Feb percentsun = 73
| Mar percentsun = 71
| Apr percentsun = 69
| May percentsun = 55
| Jun percentsun = 39
| Jul percentsun = 32
| Aug percentsun = 37
| Sep percentsun = 37
| Oct percentsun = 44
| Nov percentsun = 62
| Dec percentsun = 63
| year percentsun =
|Jan humidity = 68
|Feb humidity = 60
|Mar humidity = 54
|Apr humidity = 56
|May humidity = 65
|Jun humidity = 77
|Jul humidity = 82
|Aug humidity = 82
|Sep humidity = 81
|Oct humidity = 81
|Nov humidity = 77
|Dec humidity = 75
|Jan snow days = 0.7
|Feb snow days = 0.3
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0.1
|Dec snow days = 0.3
|year snow days =
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=20 September 2023}}
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =20 September 2023}}
}}
Transport
Social issues
In October 2014, Fuyou village ({{zh|s=富有村}}) was the scene of a violent clash between construction workers and villagers, leading to the deaths of eight people. The residents had been unhappy about a land deal related to the building of a trade and logistics centre.{{cite news|title=China building site clash leaves eight dead |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-29625551 |newspaper=BBC News |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=24 October 2014 }}{{cite news|title=China 'punishes 17 officials' after deadly village clash |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-29751648 |newspaper=BBC News |date=24 October 2014 |access-date=24 October 2014 }}
Monuments
File:Dian woman 246 BCE 8 CE.jpg woman (246 BCE- 8 CE), excavated in Shizhaishan, Jinning (晋宁区石寨山). Shanghai Museum.]]
The Shizhaishan Tombs (Shizhaishan gumuqun 石寨山古墓群), and the grave of Ma station Hazhi (Ma Hazhi mubei 马哈只墓碑) in the greater community Kunyang, the father of Zheng He, are since 2001 and 2006 respectively on the list the monuments of the People's Republic of China.
References
{{reflist}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071107025021/http://www.cpi.com.cn/cpi-eng/code/yunnan.asp Area Code and Postal Code in Yunnan Province]
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513174432/http://www.jinning.gov.cn/ jinning.gov.cn] - official
- [http://english.eastday.com/eastday/englishedition/node20665/node20668/node22811/node68136/node68149/node68150/node68152/userobject1ai1214304.html Master mariner's genealogy comes to light]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110518220353/http://english.pladaily.com.cn/site2/special-reports/2005-07/13/content_249001.htm Zheng He's pedigree]
- [http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050714.A05 Cheng Ho went around the world in 28 years]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509015816/http://www.chinats.com/kunming/kunming383.htm Zhenghe Park]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080524062229/http://www.soouo.com/baike/1038.htm Zheng He gongyuan]
{{Yunnan}}
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