Joanna Koerten

She was the daughter of Jan Koerten (1622–1651), a Mennonite cloth merchant, and his wife Ytje Cardinaels, who was from a well-known and wealthy family in Amsterdam. (d. before October 25, 1691). Her father died when she was one year old. Her mother remarried Rosijn Zacharias in 1659, also a cloth merchant. Joanna only married in 1691 after her mother and stepfather had died, when she was 41 years old. Her husband was Adrian Block, who, just like her father and stepfather, was a cloth merchant. He was of Mennonite background. They had no children. He was an avid supporter of her artwork, supported her house museum, and promoted her work long after her death.

From a young age she sat apart from other children and showed an interest in depicting what she saw around her, things both animate and inanimate.[https://books.google.com/books?id=mhPjAA53mgUC&dq=JOANNA+KOERTEN+1650&pg=PA142 May Our Daughters listen], in May her likes be multiplied: biography and gender politics in Egypt by Marilyn Booth, University of California Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-520-22420-5}}. Accessed April 2011

She gained fame as an artist working out of her husband's shop at No. 137 Nieuwendijk Amsterdam, which served as a gallery of her work. It was a house museum dedicated to her work as well, named The Blok. Peter the Great honored her with a visit in 1697 in the company of Mayor Witsen. The Blok was frequented by many other artists, poets, and other royals such as Cosimo de Medici. Rindert Jagersma and Joanna Rozendaal, “Female Book Ownership in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic: The Book Collection of Paper-Cutting Artist Joanna Koerten (1650-1715),” Quaerendo, vol. 50, no. 1( Jan. 2020) : 118.

[https://archive.org/details/womansrecordorsk00hale_0/page/376 Koerten, Joanna] Woman's record, or, Sketches of all distinguished women: from the creation to A.D. 1854 . Sarah Josepha Buell Hale, Harper & Bros., 1855

According to Houbraken, she could carve scenes on glass with a diamond, embroider and weave silk creations, pouring wax creations, lace-making and watercolor painting.{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/houb005groo01_01/houb005groo01_01_0412.htm Johanna Koerten Biography] in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature

According to the RKD, she was known as a {{lang|nl|knipkunstenaar}} or papercut artist and draftsman.[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/45374 Johanna Koerten] in the RKD

Joanna Koerten died on 28 December 1715 aged 65, and is buried in the Oudezijds Chapel, Amsterdam.

After her death her gallery continued as a place of interest to artists and a visitors book kept by her surviving husband shows the names of many notable artist and poet visitors, both during her lifetime and beyond. Among them are artists Gerard de Lairesse, Melchior Hondecoeter and Nicholas Verkolje; calligraphers Jacob Gadelle, and Mary Strick; and poets {{Interlanguage link multi|David van Hoogstraten|nl}}, John Brandt, Gesine Brit and Katharina Lescailje.

Koerten's paper cutting technique imitates the high art characteristics of oil painting and sculpture of the 17th century. She focused to create the effect of the textural and perspectival nature of painting while at the same time achieving the monumental nature of sculpture. She emphasized the pictorial and illusionistic aspects of paper cutting, making her an innovative artist of her time as compared to typical paper cut art with delicate interlaced and calligraphic strands. She used a wide variety of cut shapes to more accurately imitate the appearance of gradually chiaroscuro, similar to painting. In her portrait of Peter the Great (c.1697), she portrays varying textures and contrast shown in the rough stonework through small slits as well as in Peter's armor shining in dark wedge cuttings contrasting against the white paper. Peter's fur ermine cape utilizes cutting techniques created with sharp spiked cuts, soft molded carvings, and short, ragged snips. Koerten's Frederik III shows linework depicting a deeper illusion of interior space in her use of linear perspective. Textured stonework and shimmering fabrics are also shown in this work along with curved, sweeping cuts resembling the appearance of hair.{{Cite journal|title=Paper as power: Carving a niche for the female artist in the work of Joanna Koerten|last=Peacock|first=Martha Moffitt|journal=Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek. Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art|publisher=Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden|year=2012|issn=0169-6726|location=The Netherlands|pages=251–254}}

File:JohannaKoerten20307.jpg

Only fifteen of her works survive. The existence of others can be inferred from descriptions in old auction lists.

For a description of her oeuvre see: Catalogus van een overheerlijk konstkabinet papiere snykonst, door wylen Mejuffrouw Koerten, huisvrouw van wylen Adriaan Blok, met de schaar in papier gesneden (Amsterdam ca.1750).

Examples of her work can be seen in the Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal (Leiden), in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (The Hague), in {{Interlanguage link multi|Kasteel-Museum Sypesteyn|nl|3=Kasteel Sypesteyn}} (Loosdrecht) and in Westfries Museum (Hoorn).

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Biographies about Joanna Koerten:

• [https://books.google.com/books?id=yS4-AAAAYAAJ&dq=Koerten%2C+Joanna&pg=PT138 Joanna Koerten] Universal biography by John Lemprière, Publisher E. Sargeant, 1810
• AJ van der Aa, Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands. Volume 10 (1862)
• PJ Block and PC Molhuysen, New Netherland biographical dictionary. Volume 10 (1937)
• K. ter Laan, Literary Dictionary for North and South (1952)

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Category:1650 births

Category:1715 deaths

Category:17th-century Dutch women artists

Category:Painters from Amsterdam

Category:Dutch Golden Age painters

Category:Dutch women painters

Category:Silhouettists